休

See also: 体

休 U+4F11, 休 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F11 ← 伐 [U+4F10] CJK Unified Ideographs 伒 → [U+4F12]

㊡ U+32A1, ㊡ CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH REST ← ㊠ [U+32A0] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊢ → [U+32A2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

休 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人木 (OD), four-corner 2429₀, composition ⿰亻木)

Derived characters

• 𠁫, 咻, 𡜨, 恘, 𢫩, 㳜, 㹯, 𭥶, 𣐾, 烌, 𪻜, 䏫, 𫃢, 𮔄, 䛙, 貅, 𮔏, 銝, 𩗆, 䮌, 鮴, 𪘆
• 𠉟, 𠏕, 𩢮, 鵂(鸺), 𭓭, 茠, 𩂯, 髹, 庥, 㾋, 恷, 𤈢, 烋, 𪀪, 𰂥

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 440
• Dae Jaweon: page 203, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 117, character 18
• Unihan data for U+4F11

Chinese

simp. and trad.		休

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 休
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j14217 j14218 j14219 j14220 j14221 j14222 j14223 j14224 j14225 Bronze inscriptions b08748 b08749 b08750 b08751 b08752 b08753 b08754 b08755 b08756 b08757 b08758 b08759 b08760 b08761 b08762 b08763 b08764 b08765 b08766 b08767 b08768 b08769 b08770 b08771 b08772 b08773 b08774 b08775 b08776 b08777 b08778 b08779 b08780 b08781 b08782 b08783 b08784 b08785 b08786 b08787 b08788 b08789 b08790 b08791 b08793 b08794 b08795 b08796 b08797 b08798 b08799 b08800 b08801 b08802 b08803 b08804 b08805 b08806 b08807 b08808 b08809 Small seal script s04385 Transcribed ancient scripts L11653 L11654 L11655 L11656 L11657 L11658 L11659
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (休) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
茠	*qʰuː
烋	*qʰruː, *qʰru
恘	*kʰu
休	*qʰu
貅	*qʰu
咻	*qʰu, *qʰoʔ
庥	*qʰu
鵂	*qʰu
髤	*qʰu
髹	*qʰu

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“man”) + 木 (“tree”) – a man leaning against a tree, resting.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xiū (xiu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щю (xi͡u, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiu¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): xiu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hiû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hiu¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): xiou¹
• Northern Min (KCR): hiú
• Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hiu¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ / hiu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shieu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xiou¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siou
    • Wade–Giles: hsiu¹
    • Yale: syōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiou
    • Palladius: сю (sju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щю (xi͡u, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau¹
    • Yale: yāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiu⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hiu⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xiou¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəu¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiu⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieu⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiu
    • Tâi-lô: hiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiu⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiun¹ / hiu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹shieu
    • MiniDict: shieu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɤ⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xiou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯əu̯³³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 休
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕiou²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕiou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiou²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiou³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕiəu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕiəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕiəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕiɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕiɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiø³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕau³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiu³¹/
	Tunxi	/siu¹¹/ ～息 /ɕiu¹¹/ ～寧
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiəu³³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiu⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/hiu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐu⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hiu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hieu⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiu⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hĩu³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjuw

Rime
Character	休
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許尤切
Baxter	xjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/hiu/
Shao Rongfen	/xiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huw/
Li Rong	/xiu/
Wang Li	/xĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)u/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰu/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	休	休
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiū	xiū
Middle Chinese	‹ xjuw ›	‹ xjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰ(r)u/	/*qʰ(r)u/
English	rest (v.)	blessing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	休
Reading #	1/1
No.	13919
Phonetic component	休
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	休
Old Chinese	/*qʰu/

Definitions

休

1. to rest; to relax
2. joyous; happy

   休戚與共／休戚与共  ―  xiūqīyǔgòng  ―  to share joys and sorrows; to be happy and sorrowful together

3. (archaic, literary) glory; virtue; goodness (what is worthy of praise and celebration)

   • 虎拜稽首，對揚王休。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     虎拜稽首，对扬王休。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hǔ bài qǐshǒu, duì yáng Wáng xiū. [Pinyin]

     Hu bowed with his head to the ground,
     And in response displayed the goodness of the King.

4. (archaic, literary) bliss; auspicious omen

   • 此三子者，皆布衣之士也；懷怒未發，休祲降於天，與臣而將四矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     此三子者，皆布衣之士也；怀怒未发，休祲降于天，与臣而将四矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Cǐ sān zǐ zhě, jiē bùyī zhī shì yě; huái nù wèi fā, xiū jìn jiàng yú tiān, yǔ chén ér jiāng sì yǐ. [Pinyin]

     All of those three worthy men were heroes among humble commoners who, having not even released their wrath, saw omens auspicious to their heroic deeds and ruinous to their opponents dispatched by Heaven. Now, with me, there is about to be a fourth.

5. to stop; to cease

   喋喋不休  ―  diédiébùxiū  ―  to talk endlessly

6. to retire
7. (historical) to cast off one’s wife and send her home; to divorce one's wife
8. do not; don't
9. a surname
10. A transliteration of the English male given name Hugh

    休·傑克曼／休·杰克曼  ―  Xiū Jiékèmàn  ―  Hugh Jackman

Compounds

• 不休 (bùxiū)
• 不眠不休 (bùmiánbùxiū)
• 不肯干休
• 不能自休
• 中休 (zhōngxiū)
• 乞休
• 介休 (Jièxiū)
• 休休
• 休假 (xiūjià)
• 休克 (xiūkè)
• 休兵 (xiūbīng)
• 休刊 (xiūkān)
• 休命
• 休咎
• 休士頓市／休士顿市
• 休妻 (xiūqī)
• 休嫌
• 休學／休学 (xiūxué)
• 休屠 (Xiūtú)
• 休崙湖／休仑湖
• 休市 (xiūshì)
• 休徵／休征
• 休怪
• 休息
• 休息室
• 休想 (xiūxiǎng)
• 休憩 (xiūqì)
• 休戈
• 休戚 (xiūqī)
• 休戚相關／休戚相关 (xiūqīxiāngguān)
• 休戚與共／休戚与共 (xiūqīyǔgòng)
• 休戰／休战 (xiūzhàn)
• 休提
• 休明
• 休暇 (xiūxiá)
• 休書／休书 (xiūshū)
• 休會／休会 (xiūhuì)
• 休業／休业 (xiūyè)
• 休業式／休业式
• 休歇 (xiūxiē)
• 休止 (xiūzhǐ)
• 休止符 (xiūzhǐfú)
• 休沐
• 休漁期／休渔期 (xiūyúqī)
• 休火山 (xiūhuǒshān)
• 休烈
• 休牛放馬／休牛放马
• 休牛散馬／休牛散马
• 休牛歸馬／休牛归马
• 休眠 (xiūmián)
• 休眠期
• 休眠火山 (xiūmián huǒshān)
• 休管
• 休耕 (xiūgēng)
• 休職／休职 (xiūzhí)
• 休致 (xiūzhì)
• 休診／休诊 (xiūzhěn)
• 休閒／休闲 (xiūxián)
• 休閒活動／休闲活动
• 休離／休离
• 休養／休养 (xiūyǎng)
• 休養生息／休养生息 (xiūyǎngshēngxī)
• 何休
• 便休
• 公休 (gōngxiū)
• 刺刺不休
• 勒休
• 同休共戚
• 呶呶不休 (náonáobùxiū)
• 喋喋不休 (diédiébùxiū)
• 善罷干休
• 善罷甘休／善罢甘休 (shànbàgānxiū)
• 天休 (tiānxiū)
• 奪休／夺休
• 官休
• 干休 (gānxiū)
• 意休不休
• 按甲休兵
• 旬休
• 更休
• 棘棘不休
• 榮休／荣休 (róngxiū)
• 欲說還休／欲说还休
• 欲語還休／欲语还休
• 歸休／归休
• 無了無休／无了无休
• 無疆之休／无疆之休
• 無盡無休／无尽无休 (wújìnwúxiū)
• 燠休
• 甘休 (gānxiū)
• 病休 (bìngxiū)
• 皮日休
• 萬事皆休／万事皆休
• 紹休聖緒／绍休圣绪
• 絮絮不休
• 罷休／罢休 (bàxiū)
• 耶律休哥
• 至死方休
• 與國同休／与国同休
• 與民休息／与民休息
• 西合休 (Xīhéxiū)
• 解甲休兵
• 解甲休士
• 討休／讨休
• 話休絮煩／话休絮烦
• 誓不甘休
• 貫休／贯休
• 買休／买休
• 買休賣休／买休卖休
• 輪休／轮休 (lúnxiū)
• 退休 (tuìxiū)
• 退休金 (tuìxiūjīn)
• 長休告／长休告
• 長休飯／长休饭
• 雖休勿休／虽休勿休
• 離休／离休 (líxiū)
• 風休冰解／风休冰解

 

References

• “Entry #2059”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
• Proper Names And Translation Service, Xinhua News Agency, editor (1993), “Hugh 休”, in 世界人名翻译大辞典 [Names of The Worlds Peoples: A comprehensive dictionary of names in Roman-Chinese] (in Chinese), Beijing: China Translation & Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 1315: “西方男子教名，亦作姓用”.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “休”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

Japanese

See also 休する

Kanji

休

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: やすまる (yasumaru, 休まる, Jōyō)、やすむ (yasumu, 休む, Jōyō)、やすめる (yasumeru, 休める, Jōyō)、いこう (ikou, 休う)^{←いこふ (ikofu, 休ふ, historical)}、やすみ (yasumi, 休み)、やすらい (yasurai, 休らい)^{←やすらひ (yasurafi, 休らひ, historical)}、やすらう (yasurau, 休らう)^{←やすらふ (yasurafu, 休らふ, historical)}、やむ (yamu, 休む)、やめる (yameru, 休める)、ゆくゆく (yukuyuku, 休く)、よい (yoi, 休い)
• Nanori: たね (tane)、のぶ (nobu)、やす (yasu)、やすみ (yasumi)、やすむ (yasumu)、よし (yoshi)

Noun

休(きゅう) • (kyū) ^{←きう (kiu)?}

1. rest; vacation

Compounds

Compounds containing 休

• 休(きゅう)意(い) (kyūi, “peace, tranquility”)
• 休(きゅう)演(えん) (kyūen, “suspending performance”)
• 休(きゅう)暇(か) (kyūka, “holiday, day off”)
• 休(きゅう)火(か)山(ざん) (kyūkazan, “dormant volcano”)
• 休(きゅう)会(かい) (kyūkai, “adjournment, recess”)
• 休(きゅう)学(がく) (kyūgaku, “suspension of studies”)
• 休(きゅう)刊(かん) (kyūkan, “suspension of publication”)
• 休(きゅう)閑(かん) (kyūkan, “fallowing”)
• 休(きゅう)館(かん) (kyūkan, “library or museum closure”)
• 休(きゅう)漁(りょう) (kyūryō, “suspension of fishing”)
• 休(きゅう)業(ぎょう) (kyūgyō, “business closure”)
• 休(きゅう)憩(けい) (kyūkei, “rest”)
• 休(きゅう)校(こう) (kyūkō, “school closure”)
• 休(きゅう)耕(こう) (kyūkō, “lying fallow”)
• 休(きゅう)航(こう) (kyūkō, “suspension of sailing”)
• 休(きゅう)講(こう) (kyūkō, “canceled lecture”)
• 休(きゅう)載(さい) (kyūsai, “suspension of publication”)
• 休(きゅう)止(し) (kyūshi, “pause”)
• 休(きゅう)祥(しょう) (kyūshō, “good omen”)
• 休(きゅう)場(じょう) (kyūjō, “theater closure, stage absence”)
• 休(きゅう)職(しょく) (kyūshoku, “suspension from office”)
• 休(きゅう)心(しん) (kyūshin, “rest assured”)
• 休(きゅう)診(しん) (kyūshin, “temporary closing of doctor's office”)
• 休(きゅう)錘(すい) (kyūsui, “suspension of fabric factory operations”)
• 休(きゅう)戚(せき) (kyūseki, “joy and sorrow”)
• 休(きゅう)戦(せん) (kyūsen, “truce, armistice”)
• 休(きゅう)息(そく) (kyūsoku, “rest, relaxation”)
• 足(あし)休(やすめ) (ashiyasume, “resting feet”)
• 休(きゅう)怠(たい) (kyūtai, “laziness”)
• 休(きゅう)廷(てい) (kyūtei, “court recess”)
• 休(きゅう)転(てん) (kyūten, “suspension of operations”)
• 休(きゅう)電(でん) (kyūden, “electricity outage”)
• 休(きゅう)日(じつ) (kyūjitsu, “holiday, day off”)
• 休(きゅう)泊(はく)所(じょ) (kyūhakujo, “resting place”)
• 休(きゅう)符(ふ) (kyūfu, “rest (in music)”)
• 休(きゅう)眠(みん) (kyūmin, “idle”)
• 休(きゅう)養(よう) (kyūyō, “rest”)
• 運(うん)休(きゅう) (unkyū)

Related terms

• 休ませる
• 休まる
• 休み
• 休める
• 休らう

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 休 (MC xjuw).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 휴ᇢ (Yale: hyuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 휴 (hyu) (Yale: hyu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [çu]
• Phonetic hangul: [휴]

Hanja

Wikisource

休 (eumhun 쉴 휴 (swil hyu))

1. hanja form^? of 휴 (“rest; relax”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 휴면 (休眠, hyumyeon)
• 휴전 (休戰, hyujeon)
• 휴가 (休暇, hyuga, “leave; vacation”)
• 휴식 (休息, hyusik, “rest; break”)
• 휴일 (休日, hyuil, “holiday”)
• 휴지 (休紙, hyuji, “waste paper; tissue”)
• 연휴 (連休, yeonhyu, “holidays”)
• 휴업 (休業, hyueop, “temporary business closure”)
• 휴게실 (休憩室, hyugesil, “lounge”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

休: Hán Nôm readings: hưu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nôm Foundation