余
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Translingual
[edit]Japanese | 余 余 余 |
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Simplified | 余 余 馀 |
Traditional | 余 餘 餘 |
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]余 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一木 (OMD), four-corner 80904, composition ⿱亼朩)
Derived characters
[edit]- 俆 凃 唋 徐 悇 捈 梌 涂 狳 㻌 畭 硢 稌 䋡 䍱 艅 蜍 賖 䟻 酴 除 䩣 餘(馀) 駼(𬳿) 鮽 鵌(𱉸) 䞮 途 敍 敘(叙) 斜 䣄 雓 䳜(𫛬) 庩 筡 荼 峹 嵞 悆 畬
- 𡌘 𡝐 𡷣 𤙛 𤬀 𥚤 𥺌 𧧶 𨌎 𠄜 𫒟 𪊸 𪑏 𪝃 𢧅 𣁏 𤫿 𠐸 𠑝 𤶠 𨴩 𡨀 𡸂 𥥸 𡌆 𢚒 𣥳 𦛝 𠎳 𠕨 𫀟
- 𭴯 𬡛 𭫧 𭭳 𮀉 𬹡 𭣒
Related characters
[edit]- 餘 (Traditional form of 余)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 99, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 515
- Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 128, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4F59
Usage notes
[edit]- This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 佘.
- Note that 余 is also the simplified form of 餘 in mainland China and Japan. However, in traditional Chinese, 余 and 餘 are two distinct characters.
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 余 | |||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
斜 | *lja, *laː |
茶 | *rlaː |
荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
搽 | *rlaː |
塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
佘 | *ɦlja |
賒 | *hljaː |
畬 | *hljaː, *la |
舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
捨 | *hljaːʔ |
騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
涻 | *hljaːs |
稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
途 | *l'aː |
酴 | *l'aː |
駼 | *l'aː |
鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
嵞 | *l'aː |
峹 | *l'aː |
筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
蒤 | *l'aː |
徐 | *lja |
俆 | *lja |
敘 | *ljaʔ |
漵 | *ljaʔ |
除 | *l'a, *l'as |
篨 | *rla |
滁 | *rla |
蒢 | *rla |
蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
鵨 | *hljaː |
瑹 | *hlja |
余 | *la |
餘 | *la |
艅 | *la |
狳 | *la |
雓 | *la |
悆 | *las |
Pictogram (象形) – thatched cottage; house. Original form of 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs, “house”).
Etymology 1
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 餘 (“to remain; to have left; time after an event; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 餘). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
余 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𠎳 |
- “I; me”
- Related to 予 (OC *la, “I”), 台 (OC *lɯ, “I”) and 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ, “my; I”), forming the *l- series of first-person Old Chinese personal pronouns. This series is commonly used by Shang Dynasty kings to refer to themselves.
- In contrast, Old Chinese also had the *ŋ- series of first-person pronouns, represented by 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) and 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː, “I”), which became more widely used over time.
- Further etymology is obscure (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): y1
- Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu4
- Yale: yùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy4
- Guangdong Romanization: yu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ji²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: y1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /y¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
- Tâi-lô: û
- Phofsit Daibuun: uu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /u²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Singapore): /u²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: e5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: yo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*la/
- (Zhengzhang): /*la/
Definitions
[edit]余
Synonyms
[edit]- (I):
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 佘. (This character is a variant form of 佘). |
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tú
- Wade–Giles: tʻu2
- Yale: tú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
- Palladius: ту (tu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]余
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syú
- Wade–Giles: hsü2
- Yale: syú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyu
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]余
- Only used in 余吾.
Etymology 6
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sié
- Wade–Giles: hsieh2
- Yale: syé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
- Palladius: се (se)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]余
- Only used in 褒余.
Etymology 7
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 豫 (“big elephant”). (This character is a variant form of 豫). |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]余
- a personal pronoun
Readings
[edit]Kanji
[edit]余 | |
餘 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Simplified from 餘 (elimination of 𩙿).
余
(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 餘)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
- Kun: あまる (amaru, 余る, Jōyō); あます (amasu, 余す, Jōyō); あまり (amari, 余り)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
余 |
よ Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
餘 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 餘 (MC yo).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of
- 1950, 坂口安吾, 肝臓先生[1], 青空文庫:
- 遠洋へ漁にでると、一ヶ月、マグロなら二ヶ月の余も、海の上で暮すのである。
- En'yō e ryō ni deru to, ikkagetsu, maguro nara nikagetsu no yo mo, umi no ue de kurasu no de aru.
- When they go out to the open sea to fish, they live on the sea for one month, more than two months if fishing for tuna.
- 遠洋へ漁にでると、一ヶ月、マグロなら二ヶ月の余も、海の上で暮すのである。
- other
- remainder
Suffix
[edit]- over, more than, a little more than, plus, upwards of
- 1889, 福澤諭吉, 福翁自伝[2], 青空文庫:
- その時私は鉄砲洲に住て居て、鉄砲洲から小石川まで頓て二里余もありましょう
- sono toki watashi wa Teppōzu ni sumatte ite, Teppōzu kara Koishikawa made yagate niri-yo mo arimashō
- I was living in Teppōzu then, and there is likely around two plus ri from Teppōzu to Koishikawa
- その時私は鉄砲洲に住て居て、鉄砲洲から小石川まで頓て二里余もありましょう
- 1926, 南部修太郎, 寫眞と思ひ出 ――私の写真修行――[3], 青空文庫:
- しかし、いろ/\合せて、もう千余枚を數へる印畫のアルバムを時折繰眺めるのは、樂く愉快である。
- Shikashi, iroiro awasete, mō sen-yomai o kazoeru inga no arubamu o tokiori kuri nagameru no wa, tanoshiku yukai de aru.
- However, it is fun and delightful to flip through and gaze at my album of prints from time to time, which now number more than one thousand altogether.
- しかし、いろ/\合せて、もう千余枚を數へる印畫のアルバムを時折繰眺めるのは、樂く愉快である。
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
余 |
よ Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
予 |
From Middle Chinese 余 (MC yo).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- I, me (first-person pronoun)
- 1909, Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
- Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
- I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
- 1909, Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [여]
Hanja
[edit]余 (eum 여 (yeo))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
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