夜
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]夜 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 00247, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
- Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 285, character 1
- Unihan data for U+591C
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
夜 | |
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alternative forms | 亱 𠙇 𠙑 𡖍 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 夜 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *laːɡs) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”). 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) may also serve as another phonetic component.
The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕 (xī); the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦 (yì), used phonetically.
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo zân (“night”), Burmese ည (nya., “night”).
Schuessler (2007) believes 夜 (OC *laːɡs) and 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) are distinct as Tibeto-Burman keeps the etyma *ja-n (“night”) and *s-r(j)ak (“day; day (24 hours); night”) strictly separate. However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggest that 夜 (yè) and 夕 (xī) have clear etymological connections and thus reconstructs similar finals in both words.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ye4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): е (i͡ə, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): je6 / je6-2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): yie5 / yie5-4
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): je6
- Gan (Wiktionary): ia5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ie3
- Northern Min (KCR): iā
- Eastern Min (BUC): iâ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ya
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ia5 / ie5 / ie4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yè
- Wade–Giles: yeh4
- Yale: yè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
- Palladius: е (je)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ye4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ie
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: е (i͡ə, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iə⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: je6 / je6-2
- Yale: yeh / yé
- Cantonese Pinyin: je6 / je6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: yé6 / yé6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛː²²/, /jɛː²²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yie5 / yie5-4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiɛ³²/, /jiɛ³²⁻²¹/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: je6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ia5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ia¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
- Hakka Romanization System: ia
- Hagfa Pinyim: ya4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯a⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia
- Hagfa Pinyim: ya4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ie3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iā
- Sinological IPA (key): /ia⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iâ
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɑ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ia5 / ie5 / ie4
- Sinological IPA (key): /i̯a̠²¹/, /i̯e̞²¹/, /i̯e̞⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- ia5/ie5 - vernacular;
- ie4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: yaeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]Ak-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡs/
Definitions
[edit]夜
- night
- (Cantonese) late (in the night)
- Classifier for the number of nights.
- (Cantonese) night shift; night work
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
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Classical Chinese | 夜, 夕 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 夜 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 晚 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 晚 |
Hong Kong | 晚 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 晚 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 暝, 暗 |
Quanzhou | 暝, 暗 | |
Shishi | 暗暝 | |
Zhangzhou | 暝, 暗 | |
Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 暝 | |
Taipei | 暝 GT, 暗 GT | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 暝 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 暗 | |
Shantou | 暝 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 暝 | |
Wenchang | 暝 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Compounds
[edit]- 一夜無夢/一夜无梦
- 一夜無眠//一夜无眠/
- 丁夜 (dīngyè)
- 下夜
- 上夜 (shàngyè)
- 不分晝夜/不分昼夜
- 不夜 (bùyè)
- 不夜國/不夜国
- 不夜城 (bùyèchéng)
- 不夜族
- 不捨晝夜/不舍昼夜
- 不舍晝夜/不舍昼夜
- 丙夜 (bǐngyè)
- 中夜
- 乘夜 (chéngyè)
- 亭午夜分
- 今夜 (jīnyè)
- 以夜繼日/以夜继日
- 以日繼夜/以日继夜
- 伴大夜
- 值夜
- 俾晝作夜/俾昼作夜
- 元夜
- 入夜 (rùyè)
- 冷齋夜話/冷斋夜话
- 初夜 (chūyè)
- 初夜權/初夜权 (chūyèquán)
- 前夜 (qiányè)
- 午夜 (wǔyè)
- 午夜牛郎
- 半夜 (bànyè)
- 卜夜卜晝/卜夜卜昼
- 卜晝卜夜/卜昼卜夜
- 即夜 (jíyè)
- 吃夜草
- 同窗夜語/同窗夜语
- 坐夜 (zuòyè)
- 城開不夜/城开不夜
- 夙夜 (sùyè)
- 夙夜不懈
- 夙夜匪懈 (sùyèfěixiè)
- 夙夜在公 (sùyèzàigōng)
- 夙夜為謀/夙夜为谋
- 夙興夜寐/夙兴夜寐 (sùxīngyèmèi)
- 夜不收
- 夜不閉戶/夜不闭户 (yèbùbìhù)
- 夜以接日
- 夜以繼日/夜以继日 (yèyǐjìrì)
- 夜以繼晝/夜以继昼
- 夜作
- 夜住曉行/夜住晓行
- 夜來/夜来 (yèlái)
- 夜來香/夜来香 (yèláixiāng)
- 夜光
- 夜光杯 (yèguāngbēi)
- 夜光漆
- 夜光璧
- 夜光藻 (yèguāngzǎo)
- 夜光蟲/夜光虫
- 夜光錶/夜光表
- 夜光雲/夜光云
- 夜兒個/夜儿个 (yèrge)
- 夜冷
- 夜分 (yèfēn)
- 夜勤 (yèqín)
- 夜半 (yèbàn)
- 夜半三更 (yèbànsāngēng)
- 夜叉 (yèchā)
- 夜合
- 夜合花
- 夜合錢/夜合钱
- 夜嚴/夜严
- 夜場/夜场 (yèchǎng)
- 夜士
- 夜壺/夜壶 (yèhú)
- 夜夜 (yèyè)
- 夜夫
- 夜學/夜学 (yèxué)
- 夜室
- 夜客
- 夜宴 (yèyàn)
- 夜宵 (yèxiāo)
- 夜宿曉行/夜宿晓行
- 夜尿症 (yèniàozhèng)
- 夜工 (yègōng)
- 夜市 (yèshì)
- 夜市場/夜市场
- 夜幕 (yèmù)
- 夜幕低垂
- 夜度娘
- 夜度資/夜度资
- 夜役軍牢/夜役军牢
- 夜思
- 夜戰/夜战 (yèzhàn)
- 夜明 (yèmíng)
- 夜明珠 (yèmíngzhū)
- 夜春
- 夜晚 (yèwǎn)
- 夜晚黑
- 夜景 (yèjǐng)
- 夜暗
- 夜曲 (yèqǔ)
- 夜會/夜会
- 夜月花朝
- 夜未央
- 夜校 (yèxiào)
- 夜氣/夜气
- 夜活
- 夜消 (yèxiāo)
- 夜深 (yèshēn)
- 夜深人靜/夜深人静 (yèshēnrénjìng)
- 夜漏
- 夜漏將傳/夜漏将传
- 夜炤/夜照
- 夜燕
- 夜猴
- 夜班 (yèbān)
- 夜珠吠陀
- 夜盆兒/夜盆儿
- 夜直
- 夜盲症 (yèmángzhèng)
- 夜眼
- 夜視儀器/夜视仪器
- 夜視設備/夜视设备
- 夜禁
- 夜禽類/夜禽类
- 夜空 (yèkōng)
- 夜簫/夜箫
- 夜粥
- 夜糴/夜籴
- 夜緊/夜紧
- 夜總會/夜总会 (yèzǒnghuì)
- 夜者
- 夜臺/夜台
- 夜航
- 夜色 (yèsè)
- 夜蛾 (yè'é)
- 夜行 (yèxíng)
- 夜裡/夜里
- 夜襲/夜袭 (yèxí)
- 夜課/夜课
- 夜譚隨錄/夜谭随录
- 夜貓子/夜猫子 (yèmāozi)
- 夜車/夜车 (yèchē)
- 夜遊/夜游 (yèyóu)
- 夜遊子/夜游子 (yèyóuzi)
- 夜遊神/夜游神 (yèyóushén)
- 夜郎 (Yèláng)
- 夜郎自大 (yèlángzìdà)
- 夜長夢多/夜长梦多 (yèchángmèngduō)
- 夜間/夜间 (yèjiān)
- 夜間部/夜间部
- 夜闌/夜阑 (yèlán)
- 夜集
- 夜雨對床/夜雨对床
- 夜靜更深/夜静更深
- 夜靜更長/夜静更长
- 夜靜更闌/夜静更阑
- 夜食
- 夜飯/夜饭 (yèfàn)
- 夜餐
- 夜香
- 夜驚症/夜惊症
- 夜鶯/夜莺 (yèyīng)
- 夜鷺/夜鹭 (yèlù)
- 夜鷹/夜鹰 (yèyīng)
- 夜麻麻
- 夤夜
- 大夜 (dàyè)
- 大年夜 (dàniányè)
- 大節夜/大节夜
- 天方夜譚/天方夜谭 (tiānfāngyètán)
- 子夜 (zǐyè)
- 子夜歌
- 守夜 (shǒuyè)
- 客夜
- 宵夜 (xiāoyè)
- 對床夜語/对床夜语
- 小夜曲 (xiǎoyèqū)
- 小年夜 (xiǎoniányè)
- 平安夜 (píng'ānyè)
- 年夜 (niányè)
- 年夜飯/年夜饭 (niányèfàn)
- 徹夜/彻夜 (chèyè)
- 打夜作
- 打夜狐
- 打夜胡
- 拜夜節/拜夜节
- 挑燈夜戰/挑灯夜战 (tiǎodēngyèzhàn)
- 捱夜
- 捱更抵夜
- 擔隔夜憂/担隔夜忧
- 放夜
- 整夜 (zhěngyè)
- 斜紋夜蛾/斜纹夜蛾
- 旅夜書懷/旅夜书怀
- 日以繼夜/日以继夜 (rìyǐjìyè)
- 日夜 (rìyè)
- 日日夜夜 (rìrìyèyè)
- 明夜
- 明鋪夜蓋/明铺夜盖
- 星夜 (xīngyè)
- 昨夜 (zuóyè)
- 星行夜歸/星行夜归
- 時夜/时夜 (shíyè)
- 晝伏夜出/昼伏夜出 (zhòufúyèchū)
- 晝伏夜游/昼伏夜游
- 晝夜/昼夜 (zhòuyè)
- 晝夜停勻/昼夜停匀
- 晝夜兼行/昼夜兼行
- 晝日晝夜/昼日昼夜
- 晝短夜長/昼短夜长
- 晨興夜寐/晨兴夜寐
- 曉行夜宿/晓行夜宿
- 更夜
- 更深夜靜/更深夜静
- 月夜 (yuèyè)
- 月夜花朝
- 朝歌夜絃/朝歌夜弦
- 朝餐夜宿
- 林冲夜奔
- 查夜 (cháyè)
- 楓橋夜泊/枫桥夜泊 (fēngqiáoyèbó)
- 歲夜/岁夜
- 每夜 (měiyè)
- 永夜
- 沒晝夜/没昼夜
- 消夜 (xiāoyè)
- 清夜
- 深夜 (shēnyè)
- 漏夜 (lòuyè)
- 灞陵呵夜
- 灞陵夜獵/灞陵夜猎
- 炫晝縞夜/炫昼缟夜
- 炳燭夜遊/炳烛夜游
- 無日無夜/无日无夜
- 無明無夜/无明无夜
- 照夜璣/照夜玑 (zhàoyèjī)
- 煙夜蛾/烟夜蛾
- 熬夜 (áoyè)
- 犬不夜吠
- 犯夜
- 甲夜 (jiǎyè)
- 當夜/当夜 (dāngyè)
- 白夜 (báiyè)
- 盡日窮夜/尽日穷夜
- 禁夜
- 秉燭夜遊/秉烛夜游
- 終夜/终夜 (zhōngyè)
- 耶誕夜/耶诞夜 (Yēdànyè)
- 聖誕夜/圣诞夜 (Shèngdànyè)
- 良夜 (liángyè)
- 花朝月夜
- 行夜
- 衣錦夜游/衣锦夜游
- 觀光夜市/观光夜市
- 起夜 (qǐyè)
- 巡夜 (xúnyè)
- 連夜/连夜 (liányè)
- 通夜 (tōngyè)
- 連暮夜/连暮夜
- 連更徹夜/连更彻夜
- 過夜/过夜 (guòyè)
- 遙夜/遥夜
- 長夜/长夜 (chángyè)
- 長夜飲/长夜饮
- 門不夜扃/门不夜扃
- 門不夜關/门不夜关
- 開夜車/开夜车 (kāiyèchē)
- 閘夜/闸夜
- 除夜 (chúyè)
- 隔夜 (géyè)
- 隔夜色
- 雪夜訪普/雪夜访普
- 霸陵呵夜
- 竟夜 (jìngyè)
- 食夜粥
- 黑夜 (hēiyè)
References
[edit]- “夜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00843
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]夜
- (Southern Min) Alternative form of 暝
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 夜夜 (yaya)
- 夜陰 (yain)
- 夜間 (yakan)
- 夜行 (yagyō)
- 夜勤 (yakin)
- 夜景 (yakei)
- 夜行 (yakō)
- 夜座 (yaza), 夜坐 (yaza)
- 夜食 (yashoku)
- 夜中 (yachū)
- 夜半 (yahan)
- 闇夜 (an'ya)
- 一夜 (ichiya)
- 雨夜 (uya)
- 月夜 (getsuya)
- 五夜 (goya)
- 今夜 (kon'ya)
- 昨夜 (sakuya)
- 終夜 (shūya)
- 初夜 (shoya)
- 除夜 (joya)
- 深夜 (shin'ya)
- 初夜 (soya)
- 昼夜 (chūya)
- 通夜 (tsuya)
- 徹夜 (tetsuya)
- 日夜 (nichiya)
- 暮夜 (boya)
- 連夜 (ren'ya)
- 十六夜 (izayoi)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
よる Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
⟨yo1ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.[1]
Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 C.E., with the phonetic spelling 用流.[1]
Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the night, evening
- Synonym: 夜間 (yakan)
- Antonym: 昼 (hiru)
- 東京の夜
- Tōkyō no yoru
- Tokyo nights
- 夜の街を歩く
- yoru no machi o aruku
- to walk the streets at night
- (literally, “to walk the night streets”)
- 不安な夜を過ごす
- fuan na yoru o sugosu
- to endure a night of anxiety
- (literally, “to pass an uneasy night”)
- 夜の星空を見上げる
- yoru no hoshizora o miageru
- to look up at the night's starry sky
Derived terms
[edit]- 夜夜 (yoruyoru), 夜々 (yoruyoru)
- 御夜 (oyoru)
- 夜鶯 (yoru uguisu)
- 夜顔 (yorugao)
- 夜席 (yoruseki)
- 夜の御殿 (yoru no otodo)
- 夜の御座 (yoru no omashi)
- 夜の衣 (yoru no koromo)
- 夜の底 (yoru no soko)
- 夜の殿 (yoru no tono)
- 夜の帳が下りる (yoru no tobari ga oriru)
- 夜の錦 (yoru no nishiki)
- 夜昼 (yoruhiru)
- 夜夜中 (yoru yonaka)
- 夜を昼になす (yoru o hiru ni nasu)
- 小夜 (koyoru)
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
よ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
⟨yo1⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 用.[1]
In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (literary) night, evening
- 『真夏の夜の夢』 ― “Manatsu no Yo no Yume” ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Derived terms
[edit]- 夜夜 (yoyo), 夜々 (yoyo)
- 夜上がり (yoagari)
- 夜明け (yoake)
- 夜風 (yokaze)
- 夜着 (yogi)
- 夜籠もる (yogomoru)
- 夜さり (yosari), 夜さり (yōsari)
- 終夜 (yosugara)
- 夜釣 (yozuri), 夜釣り (yozuri)
- 夜伽 (yotogi)
- 夜な夜な (yonayona)
- 夜中 (yonaka)
- 夜長 (yonaga)
- 夜の目 (yo no me)
- 夜一夜 (yo hitoyo)
- 夜更け (yofuke), 夜深け (yofuke)
- 昨夜 (yobe), 昨夜 (yōbe)
- 夜間 (yoma)
- 終夜 (yomosugara)
- 夜も日も明けない (yo mo hi mo akenai)
- 夜を明かす (yo o akasu)
- 夜を掛く (yo o kaku)
- 夜を籠む (yo o komu)
- 夜半 (yowa)
- 夜を徹する (yo o tessuru)
- 夜を日に継ぐ (yo o hi ni tsugu)
- 小夜 (sayo)
- 千夜 (chiyo)
- 月夜 (tsukiyo), 月夜 (tsukuyo)
- 一夜 (hitoyo)
- 闇夜 (yamiyo)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “夜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 夜 (MC yaeH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 양〮 (Yale: yá) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 밤〮 (Yale: pám) | 야〯 (Yale: yǎ) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 심야 (深夜, simya, “midnight”)
- 야간 (夜間, yagan, “night, nighttime”)
- 야경 (夜景, yagyeong, “night view”)
- 야광 (夜光, yagwang, “noctilucence”)
- 야근 (夜勤, yageun, “night overtime”)
- 야기 (夜氣, yagi, “night air, nocturnal atmosphere”)
- 야래 (夜來, yarae, “during the night, since night(-fall”)
- 야반 (夜半, yaban, “midnight, late at night, the middle of the night”)
- 야색 (夜色, yasaek, “night view, evening scene”)
- 야시 (夜市, yasi, “night market”)
- 야식 (夜食, yasik, “late snack”)
- 야야 (夜夜, yaya, “night after night, nightly”)
- 야업 (夜業, ya'eop, “night work, night shift”)
- 야우 (夜雨, yau, “rainfall at night”)
- 야학 (夜學, yahak, “night class”)
- 야행 (夜行, yahaeng, “nocturnal travel, night trip,afterdark journey”)
- 야회 (夜會, yahoe, “evening party, soirée”)
- 백야 (白夜, baegya, “midnight sun”)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 夜久貝 (yakugē)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
ゆる Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]夜 (yuru)
- the night
Derived terms
[edit]Counter
[edit]夜 (-yuru)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
ゆー Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yo, from Proto-Japonic *yo.
Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yo).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]夜 (yū)
- the night
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- 夕 (yū)
References
[edit]- “ユル” in Haisai Okinawan Dialect.
- “ユル(ゆる)” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary - Ajima.
- “ゆる” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.
- Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
Okinoerabu
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
いぃーる Grade: 2 |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).
Noun
[edit]夜 (yīru)
- the night
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Derived from yo1 below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (pi1, “day”) → 晝 (pi1ru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.
Used as a standalone noun but not in compounds.
Noun
[edit]夜 (yo1ru) (kana よる)
Derived terms
[edit]- 夜晝 (yo1rupi1ru)
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 夜 (yoru)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Japonic *yo, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).[1]
Used as both a standalone noun and in compounds.
Noun
[edit]夜 (yo1) (kana よ)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 夜 (yo)
Etymology 3
[edit]Attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE) and in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as the Eastern Old Japanese variation of yo above.
Noun
[edit]夜 (yu) (kana ゆ)
- (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) the night, evening
- c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
- 志努波羅能意登比賣能古袁佐比登由母爲禰弖牟志太夜伊幣爾久太佐牟
- sino1para no2 oto2pi1me1 no2 ko1 wo sa-pi1to2yu mo inetemu sida ya ipe1 ni kudasamu
- Once I've taken her, slept with her a single night―that little lady, the girl from the bamboo brakes―I'll send her down to her home.[4]
- [Note: Some later manuscripts erroneously replace the man'yōgana 袁 (wo) with 素 (⟨so1⟩ → so).]
- c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
See also
[edit]- 夕 (yupu)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Haruo Shirane (2005) Classical Japanese: A Grammar, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 320
- ^ Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Volume 2255 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 106-7
- ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1997) “Combinations of Poetry and Prose in Classical Japanese Narrative”, in Joseph Harris, Ph.D., Joseph Harris, Karl Reichl, editors, Prosimetrum: Crosscultural Perspectives on Narrative in Prose and Verse, illustrated edition, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page 416
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Yonaguni
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
どぅる Grade: 2 |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).
Noun
[edit]夜 (duru)
- the night
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- zh:Night
- zh:Times of day
- Japanese kanji
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす
- Japanese terms spelled with 夜 read as よる
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- ja:Night
- ja:Times of day
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- Okinawan second grade kanji
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- Okinawan terms spelled with 夜 read as ゆる
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- ryu:Time
- ryu:Times of day
- Okinoerabu kanji
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- okn:Time
- okn:Times of day
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- ojp:Time
- ojp:Times of day
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- Yonaguni second grade kanji
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- yoi:Time
- yoi:Times of day