suka

See also: Suka, suka', sukā, suką, suk'a, sūkā, su̇ka, šuka, šų́ka, and сука

Asi

Noun

suka

1. (anatomy) bone

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Bikol Central

Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *suka₂ (“to vomit”). Cognate with Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka, and Tausug suka.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈsu.ka]

Noun

súka

1. vomit; puke

   Synonyms: digwa, sukalkag

Derived terms

• isuka
• magsuka
• pasuka

 

Etymology 2

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Ilocano suka and Maranao soka'.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈsu.kaʔ]

Noun

sukà

1. vinegar

Derived terms

• magsuka
• sukaan

 

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Cebuano

Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *suka.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈs̪u.kɐ]
• Rhymes: -a

Noun

suka

1. vomit

Verb

suka

1. to vomit; to puke
2. (figuratively) to squeal; to reveal a secret

Derived terms

• dugso

Etymology 2

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”).First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈs̪u.kɐʔ]
• Rhymes: -a

Noun

suka

1. vinegar; a sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid

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Estonian

Noun

suka

1. genitive singular of sukk

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Fijian

Etymology

From English sugar.

Noun

suka

1. sugar

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Finnish

Etymology

From , from Proto-Finno-Permic *śuka, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “awn (of grain)”)). Alternative theory suggests more recent borrowing from Baltic (compare Latvian suka). Cognate with Kildin Sami чоагкь (čågk’), Erzya сюва (śuva).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ukɑ
• Syllabification^(key): su‧ka

Noun

suka

1. A brush, especially one used for brushing animals.
2. currycomb

Declension

Inflection of suka (Kotus type 10*D/koira, k-∅ gradation)
nominative		suka	suat
genitive		suan	sukien
partitive		sukaa	sukia
illative		sukaan	sukiin
		singular	plural
nominative		suka	suat
accusative	nom.	suka	suat
	gen.	suan
genitive		suan	sukien sukain rare
partitive		sukaa	sukia
inessive		suassa	suissa
elative		suasta	suista
illative		sukaan	sukiin
adessive		sualla	suilla
ablative		sualta	suilta
allative		sualle	suille
essive		sukana	sukina
translative		suaksi	suiksi
abessive		suatta	suitta
instructive		—	suin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of suka (Kotus type 10*D/koira, k-∅ gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sukani sukani accusative nom. sukani sukani gen. sukani genitive sukani sukieni sukaini rare partitive sukaani sukiani inessive suassani suissani elative suastani suistani illative sukaani sukiini adessive suallani suillani ablative sualtani suiltani allative sualleni suilleni essive sukanani sukinani translative suakseni suikseni abessive suattani suittani instructive — — comitative — sukineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sukasi sukasi accusative nom. sukasi sukasi gen. sukasi genitive sukasi sukiesi sukaisi rare partitive sukaasi sukiasi inessive suassasi suissasi elative suastasi suistasi illative sukaasi sukiisi adessive suallasi suillasi ablative sualtasi suiltasi allative suallesi suillesi essive sukanasi sukinasi translative suaksesi suiksesi abessive suattasi suittasi instructive — — comitative — sukinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sukamme sukamme accusative nom. sukamme sukamme gen. sukamme genitive sukamme sukiemme sukaimme rare partitive sukaamme sukiamme inessive suassamme suissamme elative suastamme suistamme illative sukaamme sukiimme adessive suallamme suillamme ablative sualtamme suiltamme allative suallemme suillemme essive sukanamme sukinamme translative suaksemme suiksemme abessive suattamme suittamme instructive — — comitative — sukinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sukanne sukanne accusative nom. sukanne sukanne gen. sukanne genitive sukanne sukienne sukainne rare partitive sukaanne sukianne inessive suassanne suissanne elative suastanne suistanne illative sukaanne sukiinne adessive suallanne suillanne ablative sualtanne suiltanne allative suallenne suillenne essive sukananne sukinanne translative suaksenne suiksenne abessive suattanne suittanne instructive — — comitative — sukinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sukansa sukansa accusative nom. sukansa sukansa gen. sukansa genitive sukansa sukiensa sukainsa rare partitive sukaansa sukiaan sukiansa inessive suassaan suassansa suissaan suissansa elative suastaan suastansa suistaan suistansa illative sukaansa sukiinsa adessive suallaan suallansa suillaan suillansa ablative sualtaan sualtansa suiltaan suiltansa allative sualleen suallensa suilleen suillensa essive sukanaan sukanansa sukinaan sukinansa translative suakseen suaksensa suikseen suiksensa abessive suattaan suattansa suittaan suittansa instructive — — comitative — sukineen sukinensa

Derived terms

• (verbs): sukia
• sukakarva

See also

• harja

Anagrams

• -ksua, Saku, saku

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Fula

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun

suka (plural sukaaɓe ɓe)

1. young man, young person

Usage notes

• Used in Pular.

Related terms

• cukalel
• cukalun
• sukalel

 

References

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

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Ilocano

Etymology 2

Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Tagalog suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug sukaꞌ.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun

suká

1. vinegar

Derived terms

• agsuka
• manuka
• suka't Tagalog
• sukaan
• sukaen
• sukasuka

 

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/
• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• Rhymes: -ka, -a

Noun

suka (first-person possessive sukaku, second-person possessive sukamu, third-person possessive sukanya)

1. pleasure

Verb

suka (base-imperative suka, active menyukai, ordinary passive disukai)

1. like

   Dia suka musik pop.

   She loves pop music.

2. love
3. (colloquial) frequentative aspect auxiliary verb

   Aku suka pergi ke sana seminggu sekali.

   I used to go there once a week.

Synonyms

• (like): senang, gemar
• (love): gemar,cinta

Derived terms

• bersuka-suka
• bersuka-sukaan
• disukai
• kesukaan
• menyukai
• menyukakan
• penyuka
• sesuka
• sesuka-suka
• sesuka-sukanya
• sesukanya
• suka-suka
• sukaan

 

• suka duka
• suka tak suka

 

Further reading

• “suka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

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Ingrian

Suka.

Etymology

From . Cognates include Finnish suka and Estonian suga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsukɑ/
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun

suka

1. comb

Declension

Declension of suka (type 3/koira, k- gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	suka	suat
genitive	suan	sukkiin
partitive	sukkaa	sukkia
illative	sukkaa	sukkii
inessive	suas	suis
elative	suast	suist
allative	sualle	suille
adessive	sual	suil
ablative	sualt	suilt
translative	suaks	suiks
essive	sukanna, sukkaan	sukinna, sukkiin
exessive1)	sukant	sukint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547

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Japanese

Romanization

suka

1. Rōmaji transcription of すか
2. Rōmaji transcription of スカ

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Latvian

Matu suka

Zobu suka

Etymology 1

There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).

Noun

suka f (4th declension)

1. brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)

   drēbju, apavu suka ― clothes, shoe brush

   matu suka ― hairbrush

   zobu suka ― toothbrush

   zirgu suka ― horse brush, currycomb

   saru, tērauda suka ― bristle, steel brush

   tīrīt drēbes ar suku ― to clean (one's) clothes with a brush

Declension

Declension of suka (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	suka	sukas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	suku	sukas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	sukas	suku
dative (datīvs)	sukai	sukām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	suku	sukām
locative (lokatīvs)	sukā	sukās
vocative (vokatīvs)	suka	sukas

Derived terms

• zobu suka

Related terms

• sukāt

See also

• ķemme
• ota
• slota

Etymology 2

From Russian сука (suka).

Noun

suka f (4th declension)

1. (vulgar) bitch

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Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ka

Verb

suka (Jawi spelling سوک)

1. to like, to love

Noun

suka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka, informal 1st possessive sukaku, 2nd possessive sukamu, 3rd possessive sukanya)

1. happiness, joy

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• penyuka [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• kesukaan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• menyukai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• disukai [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)

Descendants

• Indonesian: suka
• → Min Nan: 舒合 (su-kah)

References

• "suka" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
• “suka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

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Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀲𑀼𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• सुक (Devanagari script)
• সুক (Bengali script)
• සුක (Sinhalese script)
• သုက or သုၵ (Burmese script)
• สุก or สุกะ (Thai script)
• ᩈᩩᨠ (Tai Tham script)
• ສຸກ or ສຸກະ (Lao script)
• សុក (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄪𑄇 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Compare Sanskrit शुक (śuka).

Noun

suka m

1. parrot

Declension

Declension table of "suka" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	suko	sukā
Accusative (second)	sukaṃ	suke
Instrumental (third)	sukena	sukehi or sukebhi
Dative (fourth)	sukassa or sukāya or sukatthaṃ	sukānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	sukasmā or sukamhā or sukā	sukehi or sukebhi
Genitive (sixth)	sukassa	sukānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	sukasmiṃ or sukamhi or suke	sukesu
Vocative (calling)	suka	sukā

Synonyms

• suva
• kīra

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “suka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 488.

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Phuthi

Verb

-suka

1. to go away, to leave

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sǫka (compare Russian су́ка (súka)), ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Sense #3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).

Noun

suka f (diminutive suczka)

1. bitch (female dog)
2. (offensive) bitch
3. (slang) police van

Usage notes

• Sense 2 "bitch" may be used as a slur for someone malicious or domineering rather than promiscuous; in this case it can only refer to a woman, with e.g. sukinsyn as a male counterpart.

Declension

Declension of suka

	singular	plural
nominative	suka	suki
genitive	suki	suk
dative	suce	sukom
accusative	sukę	suki
instrumental	suką	sukami
locative	suce	sukach
vocative	suko	suki

Derived terms

adjective

• suczy

 

noun

• suczynka
• sunia

 

Further reading

• suka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• suka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Quechua

Noun

suka

1. furrow
2. whistle, whistling noise

Usage notes

Not to be confused with suk'a, sukha.

Declension

declension of suka

	singular	plural
nominative	suka	sukakuna
accusative	sukata	sukakunata
dative	sukaman	sukakunaman
genitive	sukap	sukakunap
locative	sukapi	sukakunapi
terminative	sukakama	sukakunakama
ablative	sukamanta	sukakunamanta
instrumental	sukawan	sukakunawan
comitative	sukantin	sukakunantin
abessive	sukannaq	sukakunannaq
comparative	sukahina	sukakunahina
causative	sukarayku	sukakunarayku
benefactive	sukapaq	sukakunapaq
associative	sukapura	sukakunapura
distributive	sukanka	sukakunanka
exclusive	sukalla	sukakunalla

possessive forms of suka

ñuqap - first-person singular

ñuqap (my)	singular	plural
nominative	sukay	sukaykuna
accusative	sukayta	sukaykunata
dative	sukayman	sukaykunaman
genitive	sukaypa	sukaykunap
locative	sukaypi	sukaykunapi
terminative	sukaykama	sukaykunakama
ablative	sukaymanta	sukaykunamanta
instrumental	sukaywan	sukaykunawan
comitative	sukaynintin	sukaykunantin
abessive	sukayninnaq	sukaykunannaq
comparative	sukayhina	sukaykunahina
causative	sukayrayku	sukaykunarayku
benefactive	sukaypaq	sukaykunapaq
associative	sukaypura	sukaykunapura
distributive	sukayninka	sukaykunanka
exclusive	sukaylla	sukaykunalla

qampa - second-person singular

qampa (your)	singular	plural
nominative	sukayki	sukaykikuna
accusative	sukaykita	sukaykikunata
dative	sukaykiman	sukaykikunaman
genitive	sukaykipa	sukaykikunap
locative	sukaykipi	sukaykikunapi
terminative	sukaykikama	sukaykikunakama
ablative	sukaykimanta	sukaykikunamanta
instrumental	sukaykiwan	sukaykikunawan
comitative	sukaykintin	sukaykikunantin
abessive	sukaykinnaq	sukaykikunannaq
comparative	sukaykihina	sukaykikunahina
causative	sukaykirayku	sukaykikunarayku
benefactive	sukaykipaq	sukaykikunapaq
associative	sukaykipura	sukaykikunapura
distributive	sukaykinka	sukaykikunanka
exclusive	sukaykilla	sukaykikunalla

paypa - third-person singular

paypa (his/her/its)	singular	plural
nominative	sukan	sukankuna
accusative	sukanta	sukankunata
dative	sukanman	sukankunaman
genitive	sukanpa	sukankunap
locative	sukanpi	sukankunapi
terminative	sukankama	sukankunakama
ablative	sukanmanta	sukankunamanta
instrumental	sukanwan	sukankunawan
comitative	sukanintin	sukankunantin
abessive	sukanninnaq	sukankunannaq
comparative	sukanhina	sukankunahina
causative	sukanrayku	sukankunarayku
benefactive	sukanpaq	sukankunapaq
associative	sukanpura	sukankunapura
distributive	sukaninka	sukankunanka
exclusive	sukanlla	sukankunalla

ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural

ñuqanchikpa (our(incl))	singular	plural
nominative	sukanchik	sukanchikkuna
accusative	sukanchikta	sukanchikkunata
dative	sukanchikman	sukanchikkunaman
genitive	sukanchikpa	sukanchikkunap
locative	sukanchikpi	sukanchikkunapi
terminative	sukanchikkama	sukanchikkunakama
ablative	sukanchikmanta	sukanchikkunamanta
instrumental	sukanchikwan	sukanchikkunawan
comitative	sukanchiknintin	sukanchikkunantin
abessive	sukanchikninnaq	sukanchikkunannaq
comparative	sukanchikhina	sukanchikkunahina
causative	sukanchikrayku	sukanchikkunarayku
benefactive	sukanchikpaq	sukanchikkunapaq
associative	sukanchikpura	sukanchikkunapura
distributive	sukanchikninka	sukanchikkunanka
exclusive	sukanchiklla	sukanchikkunalla

ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural

ñuqaykup (our(excl))	singular	plural
nominative	sukayku	sukaykukuna
accusative	sukaykuta	sukaykukunata
dative	sukaykuman	sukaykukunaman
genitive	sukaykupa	sukaykukunap
locative	sukaykupi	sukaykukunapi
terminative	sukaykukama	sukaykukunakama
ablative	sukaykumanta	sukaykukunamanta
instrumental	sukaykuwan	sukaykukunawan
comitative	sukaykuntin	sukaykukunantin
abessive	sukaykunnaq	sukaykukunannaq
comparative	sukaykuhina	sukaykukunahina
causative	sukaykurayku	sukaykukunarayku
benefactive	sukaykupaq	sukaykukunapaq
associative	sukaykupura	sukaykukunapura
distributive	sukaykunka	sukaykukunanka
exclusive	sukaykulla	sukaykukunalla

qamkunap - second-person plural

qamkunap (your(pl))	singular	plural
nominative	sukaykichik	sukaykichikkuna
accusative	sukaykichikta	sukaykichikkunata
dative	sukaykichikman	sukaykichikkunaman
genitive	sukaykichikpa	sukaykichikkunap
locative	sukaykichikpi	sukaykichikkunapi
terminative	sukaykichikkama	sukaykichikkunakama
ablative	sukaykichikmanta	sukaykichikkunamanta
instrumental	sukaykichikwan	sukaykichikkunawan
comitative	sukaykichiknintin	sukaykichikkunantin
abessive	sukaykichikninnaq	sukaykichikkunannaq
comparative	sukaykichikhina	sukaykichikkunahina
causative	sukaykichikrayku	sukaykichikkunarayku
benefactive	sukaykichikpaq	sukaykichikkunapaq
associative	sukaykichikpura	sukaykichikkunapura
distributive	sukaykichikninka	sukaykichikkunanka
exclusive	sukaykichiklla	sukaykichikkunalla

paykunap - third-person plural

paykunap (their)	singular	plural
nominative	sukanku	sukankukuna
accusative	sukankuta	sukankukunata
dative	sukankuman	sukankukunaman
genitive	sukankupa	sukankukunap
locative	sukankupi	sukankukunapi
terminative	sukankukama	sukankukunakama
ablative	sukankumanta	sukankukunamanta
instrumental	sukankuwan	sukankukunawan
comitative	sukankuntin	sukankukunantin
abessive	sukankunnaq	sukankukunannaq
comparative	sukankuhina	sukankukunahina
causative	sukankurayku	sukankukunarayku
benefactive	sukankupaq	sukankukunapaq
associative	sukankupura	sukankukunapura
distributive	sukankunka	sukankukunanka
exclusive	sukankulla	sukankukunalla

See also

• sukay

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Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sǫka, ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/

Noun

suka f (genitive singular suky, nominative plural suky, genitive plural súk, declension pattern of žena)

1. bitch

Declension

Declension of suka

	singular	plural
nominative	suka	suky
genitive	suky	súk
dative	suke	sukám
accusative	suku	suky
locative	suke	sukách
instrumental	sukou	sukami

Synonyms

• fena f, fenka f

Derived terms

• sučí
• sučka f

References

• “suka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

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Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-suka (infinitive kusuka)

1. to shake
2. to braid, weave

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -sukia
  • Conversive: -sukua (“loosen, untwist”)
  • Passive: -sukwa
  • Reduplicative: -sukasuka (“disturb, worry”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • masuko (“shaking, excitement”)
  • msuka (“braider”)
  • msukaji (“braider”)

Inflection

Conjugation of -suka
Positive present -nasuka Subjunctive -suke Negative -suki Imperative singular suka
Infinitives
Positive kusuka Negative kutosuka
Imperatives
Singular suka Plural sukeni
Tensed forms
Habitual husuka Positive past positive subject concord + -lisuka Negative past negative subject concord + -kusuka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasuka) Singular Plural 1st person ninasuka/nasuka tunasuka 2nd person unasuka mnasuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasuka wanasuka other classes positive subject concord + -nasuka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -suki) Singular Plural 1st person sisuki hatusuki 2nd person husuki hamsuki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasuki hawasuki other classes negative subject concord + -suki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasuka Negative future negative subject concord + -tasuka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -suke) Singular Plural 1st person nisuke tusuke 2nd person usuke msuke 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asuke wasuke other classes positive subject concord + -suke
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisuke Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesuka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesuka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisuka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisuka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asuka) Singular Plural 1st person nasuka twasuka 2nd person wasuka mwasuka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) asuka wasuka m-mi(III/IV) wasuka yasuka ji-ma(V/VI) lasuka yasuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasuka vyasuka n(IX/X) yasuka zasuka u(XI) wasuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwasuka pa(XVI) pasuka mu(XVIII) mwasuka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesuka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshasuka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasuka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kisuka "If not" positive subject concord + -siposuka Consecutive kasuka / positive subject concord + -kasuka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasuke
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nisuka -tusuka 2nd person -kusuka -wasuka/-kusukeni/-wasukeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msuka -wasuka m-mi(III/IV) -usuka -isuka ji-ma(V/VI) -lisuka -yasuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisuka -visuka n(IX/X) -isuka -zisuka u(XI) -usuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kusuka pa(XVI) -pasuka mu(XVIII) -musuka Reflexive -jisuka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -suka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -sukaye -sukao m-mi(III/IV) -sukao -sukayo ji-ma(V/VI) -sukalo -sukayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sukacho -sukavyo n(IX/X) -sukayo -sukazo u(XI) -sukao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -sukako pa(XVI) -sukapo mu(XVIII) -sukamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -suka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yesuka -osuka m-mi(III/IV) -osuka -yosuka ji-ma(V/VI) -losuka -yosuka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosuka -vyosuka n(IX/X) -yosuka -zosuka u(XI) -osuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kosuka pa(XVI) -posuka mu(XVIII) -mosuka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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Swazi

Verb

-suka

1. to move away

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Tagalog

Alternative forms

• suca (obsolete)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsuka/, [ˈsuː.xɐ]

Noun

suka

1. vomit

   Synonyms: duwal, lungad

2. vomiting; emesis

   Synonym: duwal

Derived terms

• isuka
• magsuka
• makapagpasuka
• makasuka
• mapasuka
• masuka
• nakakasuka
• napapasuka
• pagsuka
• pagsusuka
• pampasuka
• sumuka

 

See also

• lungad

Etymology 2

Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Ilocano suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug suka'.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su‧ka
• IPA^(key): /ˈsukaʔ/, [ˈsuː.xɐʔ]

Noun

sukà

1. vinegar
2. (in general) sour fruit used for seasoning food (such as tamarind, tomatoes, green mangoes, etc.)

Derived terms

• magsuka
• sukaan

 

See also

• sinigang

Anagrams

• kusa

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Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsu.ka]

Verb

suka

1. (transitive) to split
2. (transitive) to crack
3. (transitive) to break

Conjugation

Conjugation of suka
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	tosuka	fosuka	misuka
2nd	nosuka	nisuka
3rd	Masculine	osuka	isuka, yosuka†
Feminine	mosuka
Neuter	isuka
† - archaic

Etymology 2

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) +‎ suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsu.ka]

Verb

suka

1. (transitive) to like

Noun

suka

1. a like, something that is liked

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

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Tsonga

Verb

suka

1. to leave

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Wallisian

Suka

Etymology

Borrowed from English sugar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su.ka/
• Hyphenation: su‧ka

Noun

suka

1. sugar

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Waray-Waray

Noun

sukà

1. vinegar

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West Makian

Etymology

From Malay suka, possibly through Ternate, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈs̪u.ka/

Verb

suka

1. (transitive) to like
2. (modal, auxiliary) to very much want to (do something)
3. (modal, auxiliary) to like to (do something)

   coba ni suka nidadi puni ― if you would like to become a spirit

Conjugation

Conjugation of suka (action verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tosuka	mosuka	asuka
2nd person		nosuka	fosuka
3rd person	inanimate	isuka	dosuka
	animate
imperative		nusuka, suka	fusuka, suka

Usage notes

As a modal verb, it does not appear to be conjugated.

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[3], Pacific linguistics

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Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-súka

1. (intransitive) to be lost

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Zulu

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Bantu *-tíga (“to leave behind”) with the separative suffix *-ʊka, however the tonal change is unexplained. (Note that although this verb is a low toned verb, it is sometimes treated as high toned in the imperative form.) This would make the term related to -sala and -shiya.

Verb

-suka

1. (intransitive) to go away, to remove oneself
2. (intransitive) to leave, to depart, to set off
3. (intransitive) to originate

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukusuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukusuka	ukungasuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	suka	-suke
Plural	sukani	-sukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyasuka, ngisuka	engisukayo, engisuka	ngisuka	angisuki	engingasuki	ngingasuki
2nd singular	uyasuka, usuka	osukayo, osuka	usuka	awusuki	ongasuki	ungasuki
1st plural	siyasuka, sisuka	esisukayo, esisuka	sisuka	asisuki	esingasuki	singasuki
2nd plural	niyasuka, nisuka	enisukayo, enisuka	nisuka	anisuki	eningasuki	ningasuki
Class 1	uyasuka, usuka	osukayo, osuka	esuka	akasuki	ongasuki	engasuki
Class 2	bayasuka, basuka	abasukayo, abasuka	besuka	abasuki	abangasuki	bengasuki
Class 3	uyasuka, usuka	osukayo, osuka	usuka	awusuki	ongasuki	ungasuki
Class 4	iyasuka, isuka	esukayo, esuka	isuka	ayisuki	engasuki	ingasuki
Class 5	liyasuka, lisuka	elisukayo, elisuka	lisuka	alisuki	elingasuki	lingasuki
Class 6	ayasuka, asuka	asukayo, asuka	esuka	awasuki	angasuki	engasuki
Class 7	siyasuka, sisuka	esisukayo, esisuka	sisuka	asisuki	esingasuki	singasuki
Class 8	ziyasuka, zisuka	ezisukayo, ezisuka	zisuka	azisuki	ezingasuki	zingasuki
Class 9	iyasuka, isuka	esukayo, esuka	isuka	ayisuki	engasuki	ingasuki
Class 10	ziyasuka, zisuka	ezisukayo, ezisuka	zisuka	azisuki	ezingasuki	zingasuki
Class 11	luyasuka, lusuka	olusukayo, olusuka	lusuka	alusuki	olungasuki	lungasuki
Class 14	buyasuka, busuka	obusukayo, obusuka	busuka	abusuki	obungasuki	bungasuki
Class 15	kuyasuka, kusuka	okusukayo, okusuka	kusuka	akusuki	okungasuki	kungasuki
Class 17	kuyasuka, kusuka	okusukayo, okusuka	kusuka	akusuki	okungasuki	kungasuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngisukile, ngisukē	engisukile, engisukē	ngisukile, ngisukē	angisukanga	engingasukanga	ngingasukanga
2nd singular	usukile, usukē	osukile, osukē	usukile, usukē	awusukanga	ongasukanga	ungasukanga
1st plural	sisukile, sisukē	esisukile, esisukē	sisukile, sisukē	asisukanga	esingasukanga	singasukanga
2nd plural	nisukile, nisukē	enisukile, enisukē	nisukile, nisukē	anisukanga	eningasukanga	ningasukanga
Class 1	usukile, usukē	osukile, osukē	esukile, esukē	akasukanga	ongasukanga	engasukanga
Class 2	basukile, basukē	abasukile, abasukē	besukile, besukē	abasukanga	abangasukanga	bengasukanga
Class 3	usukile, usukē	osukile, osukē	usukile, usukē	awusukanga	ongasukanga	ungasukanga
Class 4	isukile, isukē	esukile, esukē	isukile, isukē	ayisukanga	engasukanga	ingasukanga
Class 5	lisukile, lisukē	elisukile, elisukē	lisukile, lisukē	alisukanga	elingasukanga	lingasukanga
Class 6	asukile, asukē	asukile, asukē	esukile, esukē	awasukanga	angasukanga	engasukanga
Class 7	sisukile, sisukē	esisukile, esisukē	sisukile, sisukē	asisukanga	esingasukanga	singasukanga
Class 8	zisukile, zisukē	ezisukile, ezisukē	zisukile, zisukē	azisukanga	ezingasukanga	zingasukanga
Class 9	isukile, isukē	esukile, esukē	isukile, isukē	ayisukanga	engasukanga	ingasukanga
Class 10	zisukile, zisukē	ezisukile, ezisukē	zisukile, zisukē	azisukanga	ezingasukanga	zingasukanga
Class 11	lusukile, lusukē	olusukile, olusukē	lusukile, lusukē	alusukanga	olungasukanga	lungasukanga
Class 14	busukile, busukē	obusukile, obusukē	busukile, busukē	abusukanga	obungasukanga	bungasukanga
Class 15	kusukile, kusukē	okusukile, okusukē	kusukile, kusukē	akusukanga	okungasukanga	kungasukanga
Class 17	kusukile, kusukē	okusukile, okusukē	kusukile, kusukē	akusukanga	okungasukanga	kungasukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāsuka	engāsuka	ngāsuka	angisukanga	engingasukanga	ngingasukanga
2nd singular	wāsuka	owāsuka	wāsuka	awusukanga	ongasukanga	ungasukanga
1st plural	sāsuka	esāsuka	sāsuka	asisukanga	esingasukanga	singasukanga
2nd plural	nāsuka	enāsuka	nāsuka	anisukanga	eningasukanga	ningasukanga
Class 1	wāsuka	owāsuka	āsuka	akasukanga	ongasukanga	engasukanga
Class 2	bāsuka	abāsuka	bāsuka	abasukanga	abangasukanga	bengasukanga
Class 3	wāsuka	owāsuka	wāsuka	awusukanga	ongasukanga	ungasukanga
Class 4	yāsuka	eyāsuka	yāsuka	ayisukanga	engasukanga	ingasukanga
Class 5	lāsuka	elāsuka	lāsuka	alisukanga	elingasukanga	lingasukanga
Class 6	āsuka	āsuka	āsuka	awasukanga	angasukanga	engasukanga
Class 7	sāsuka	esāsuka	sāsuka	asisukanga	esingasukanga	singasukanga
Class 8	zāsuka	ezāsuka	zāsuka	azisukanga	ezingasukanga	zingasukanga
Class 9	yāsuka	eyāsuka	yāsuka	ayisukanga	engasukanga	ingasukanga
Class 10	zāsuka	ezāsuka	zāsuka	azisukanga	ezingasukanga	zingasukanga
Class 11	lwāsuka	olwāsuka	lwāsuka	alusukanga	olungasukanga	lungasukanga
Class 14	bāsuka	obāsuka	bāsuka	abusukanga	obungasukanga	bungasukanga
Class 15	kwāsuka	okwāsuka	kwāsuka	akusukanga	okungasukanga	kungasukanga
Class 17	kwāsuka	okwāsuka	kwāsuka	akusukanga	okungasukanga	kungasukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingasuka	—	ngingasuka	ngingesuke	—	ngingesuke
2nd singular	ungasuka	—	ungasuka	ungesuke	—	ungesuke
1st plural	singasuka	—	singasuka	singesuke	—	singesuke
2nd plural	ningasuka	—	ningasuka	ningesuke	—	ningesuke
Class 1	angasuka	—	engasuka	angesuke	—	engesuke
Class 2	bangasuka	—	bengasuka	bangesuke	—	bengesuke
Class 3	ungasuka	—	ungasuka	ungesuke	—	ungesuke
Class 4	ingasuka	—	ingasuka	ingesuke	—	ingesuke
Class 5	lingasuka	—	lingasuka	lingesuke	—	lingesuke
Class 6	angasuka	—	engasuka	angesuke	—	engesuke
Class 7	singasuka	—	singasuka	singesuke	—	singesuke
Class 8	zingasuka	—	zingasuka	zingesuke	—	zingesuke
Class 9	ingasuka	—	ingasuka	ingesuke	—	ingesuke
Class 10	zingasuka	—	zingasuka	zingesuke	—	zingesuke
Class 11	lungasuka	—	lungasuka	lungesuke	—	lungesuke
Class 14	bungasuka	—	bungasuka	bungesuke	—	bungesuke
Class 15	kungasuka	—	kungasuka	kungesuke	—	kungesuke
Class 17	kungasuka	—	kungasuka	kungesuke	—	kungesuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizosuka	engizosuka	ngizosuka	angizusuka	engingezusuka	ngingezusuka
2nd singular	uzosuka	ozosuka	uzosuka	awuzusuka	ongezusuka	ungezusuka
1st plural	sizosuka	esizosuka	sizosuka	asizusuka	esingezusuka	singezusuka
2nd plural	nizosuka	enizosuka	nizosuka	anizusuka	eningezusuka	ningezusuka
Class 1	uzosuka	ozosuka	ezosuka	akazusuka	ongezusuka	engezusuka
Class 2	bazosuka	abazosuka	bezosuka	abazusuka	abangezusuka	bengezusuka
Class 3	uzosuka	ozosuka	uzosuka	awuzusuka	ongezusuka	ungezusuka
Class 4	izosuka	ezosuka	izosuka	ayizusuka	engezusuka	ingezusuka
Class 5	lizosuka	elizosuka	lizosuka	alizusuka	elingezusuka	lingezusuka
Class 6	azosuka	azosuka	ezosuka	awazusuka	angezusuka	engezusuka
Class 7	sizosuka	esizosuka	sizosuka	asizusuka	esingezusuka	singezusuka
Class 8	zizosuka	ezizosuka	zizosuka	azizusuka	ezingezusuka	zingezusuka
Class 9	izosuka	ezosuka	izosuka	ayizusuka	engezusuka	ingezusuka
Class 10	zizosuka	ezizosuka	zizosuka	azizusuka	ezingezusuka	zingezusuka
Class 11	luzosuka	oluzosuka	luzosuka	aluzusuka	olungezusuka	lungezusuka
Class 14	buzosuka	obuzosuka	buzosuka	abuzusuka	obungezusuka	bungezusuka
Class 15	kuzosuka	okuzosuka	kuzosuka	akuzusuka	okungezusuka	kungezusuka
Class 17	kuzosuka	okuzosuka	kuzosuka	akuzusuka	okungezusuka	kungezusuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyosuka	engiyosuka	ngiyosuka	angiyusuka	engingeyusuka	ngingeyusuka
2nd singular	uyosuka	oyosuka	uyosuka	awuyusuka	ongeyusuka	ungeyusuka
1st plural	siyosuka	esiyosuka	siyosuka	asiyusuka	esingeyusuka	singeyusuka
2nd plural	niyosuka	eniyosuka	niyosuka	aniyusuka	eningeyusuka	ningeyusuka
Class 1	uyosuka	oyosuka	eyosuka	akayusuka	ongeyusuka	engeyusuka
Class 2	bayosuka	abayosuka	beyosuka	abayusuka	abangeyusuka	bengeyusuka
Class 3	uyosuka	oyosuka	uyosuka	awuyusuka	ongeyusuka	ungeyusuka
Class 4	iyosuka	eyosuka	iyosuka	ayiyusuka	engeyusuka	ingeyusuka
Class 5	liyosuka	eliyosuka	liyosuka	aliyusuka	elingeyusuka	lingeyusuka
Class 6	ayosuka	ayosuka	eyosuka	awayusuka	angeyusuka	engeyusuka
Class 7	siyosuka	esiyosuka	siyosuka	asiyusuka	esingeyusuka	singeyusuka
Class 8	ziyosuka	eziyosuka	ziyosuka	aziyusuka	ezingeyusuka	zingeyusuka
Class 9	iyosuka	eyosuka	iyosuka	ayiyusuka	engeyusuka	ingeyusuka
Class 10	ziyosuka	eziyosuka	ziyosuka	aziyusuka	ezingeyusuka	zingeyusuka
Class 11	luyosuka	oluyosuka	luyosuka	aluyusuka	olungeyusuka	lungeyusuka
Class 14	buyosuka	obuyosuka	buyosuka	abuyusuka	obungeyusuka	bungeyusuka
Class 15	kuyosuka	okuyosuka	kuyosuka	akuyusuka	okungeyusuka	kungeyusuka
Class 17	kuyosuka	okuyosuka	kuyosuka	akuyusuka	okungeyusuka	kungeyusuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngisuke	ngingasuki
2nd singular	usuke	ungasuki
1st plural	sisuke	singasuki
2nd plural	nisuke	ningasuki
Class 1	asuke	angasuki
Class 2	basuke	bangasuki
Class 3	usuke	ungasuki
Class 4	isuke	ingasuki
Class 5	lisuke	lingasuki
Class 6	asuke	angasuki
Class 7	sisuke	singasuki
Class 8	zisuke	zingasuki
Class 9	isuke	ingasuki
Class 10	zisuke	zingasuki
Class 11	lusuke	lungasuki
Class 14	busuke	bungasuki
Class 15	kusuke	kungasuki
Class 17	kusuke	kungasuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngasuka	ngangasuka, angasuka, angangasuka
2nd singular	wasuka	wangasuka, awasuka, awangasuka
1st plural	sasuka	sangasuka, asasuka, asangasuka
2nd plural	nasuka	nangasuka, anasuka, anangasuka
Class 1	wasuka	wangasuka, akasuka, akangasuka
Class 2	basuka	bangasuka, abasuka, abangasuka
Class 3	wasuka	wangasuka, awasuka, awangasuka
Class 4	yasuka	yangasuka, ayasuka, ayangasuka
Class 5	lasuka	langasuka, alasuka, alangasuka
Class 6	asuka	angasuka, awasuka, awangasuka
Class 7	sasuka	sangasuka, asasuka, asangasuka
Class 8	zasuka	zangasuka, azasuka, azangasuka
Class 9	yasuka	yangasuka, ayasuka, ayangasuka
Class 10	zasuka	zangasuka, azasuka, azangasuka
Class 11	lwasuka	lwangasuka, alwasuka, alwangasuka
Class 14	basuka	bangasuka, abasuka, abangasuka
Class 15	kwasuka	kwangasuka, akwasuka, akwangasuka
Class 17	kwasuka	kwangasuka, akwasuka, akwangasuka

Derived terms

• umsuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “suka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “suka (3.9)”
• Khumalo, J. (1982). Zulu tonology. African Studies, 41(1), 3–125. doi:10.1080/00020188208707579. eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00020188208707579