ala

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

ala of ileum labelled, top left
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (wing). Doublet of aisle.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala (plural alae or alæ)

  1. (anatomy) A wing or winglike anatomic process or part, especially of bone.
  2. (botany) The flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.
  3. (architecture) In ancient Rome, a small room opening into a larger room or courtyard.
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from French à la, by way of its English derivation a la.

Preposition[edit]

ala

  1. (colloquial) Alternative form of a la.
    • 2006, WorstPreviews.com[4], archived from the original on 7 June 2020:
      The film is told in reverse ala Memento.
    • 2008 November 14, admin, “Quantum of Solace”, in Film Threat[5]:
      [] interactive plasma screens with flashing digits and what not, ala “Minority Report,” []
    • 2011 March 11, Aaron Blake, Chris Cillizza, “Palin: The GOP's Pelosi?”, in The Fix[6]:
      [] we might be getting to the point where Palin is a bona fide liability—ala Pelosi—for the GOP.
    • 2011 April 11, Charles Gasparino, “Duncan Niederauer Calling the Shots for NYSE Is Bad News for Shareholders”, in HuffPost[7]:
      [] the NYSE didn't implode ala Merrill []

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Afar[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Ala (1.1).

Related to Saho aluula.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈala/, [ˈʔʌlʌ]
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

Noun[edit]

ála m (plural alluwwá f or alwá f)

  1. animal, wild animal
  2. European, white person (clarification of this definition is needed)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ála
absolutive ála
predicative ála
subjective alí
genitive alí
Postpositioned forms
l-case álal
k-case álak
t-case álat
h-case álah
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Ala (2).

Related to Somali hal.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /aˈla/, [ʔʌˈlʌ]
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

Noun[edit]

alá f (masculine rakúb, plural aloolí f)

  1. female camel
Declension[edit]
Declension of alá
absolutive alá
predicative alá
subjective alá
genitive alá
Postpositioned forms
l-case alál
k-case alák
t-case alát
h-case aláh
Hypernyms[edit]
See also[edit]
  • nargó (baby female camel)
  • addó (juvenile female camel)
  • erartó (old female camel)

References[edit]

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 37
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 24
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[8], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Asturian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin āla (wing).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural ales)

  1. wing
  2. fin
    Synonym: aleta

Azerbaijani[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Turkic *āla.[1]

Adjective[edit]

ala (comparative daha ala, superlative ən ala)

  1. variegated
  2. (poetic) blue (of eyes)
    ala gözlərblue eyes
Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala (definite accusative alanı, plural alalar)

  1. vitiligo (the patchy loss of skin pigmentation.)
Declension[edit]
    Declension of ala
singular plural
nominative ala
alalar
definite accusative alanı
alaları
dative alaya
alalara
locative alada
alalarda
ablative aladan
alalardan
definite genitive alanın
alaların
    Possessive forms of ala
nominative
singular plural
mənim (my) alam alalarım
sənin (your) alan alaların
onun (his/her/its) alası alaları
bizim (our) alamız alalarımız
sizin (your) alanız alalarınız
onların (their) alası or alaları alaları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (my) alamı alalarımı
sənin (your) alanı alalarını
onun (his/her/its) alasını alalarını
bizim (our) alamızı alalarımızı
sizin (your) alanızı alalarınızı
onların (their) alasını or alalarını alalarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (my) alama alalarıma
sənin (your) alana alalarına
onun (his/her/its) alasına alalarına
bizim (our) alamıza alalarımıza
sizin (your) alanıza alalarınıza
onların (their) alasına or alalarına alalarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (my) alamda alalarımda
sənin (your) alanda alalarında
onun (his/her/its) alasında alalarında
bizim (our) alamızda alalarımızda
sizin (your) alanızda alalarınızda
onların (their) alasında or alalarında alalarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (my) alamdan alalarımdan
sənin (your) alandan alalarından
onun (his/her/its) alasından alalarından
bizim (our) alamızdan alalarımızdan
sizin (your) alanızdan alalarınızdan
onların (their) alasından or alalarından alalarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (my) alamın alalarımın
sənin (your) alanın alalarının
onun (his/her/its) alasının alalarının
bizim (our) alamızın alalarımızın
sizin (your) alanızın alalarınızın
onların (their) alasının or alalarının alalarının

Etymology 2[edit]

Likely from ay bala.

Interjection[edit]

ala

  1. dude
    Ala, nə eləyirsən?!Dude, what are you doing?!

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*āla”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Baoule[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. iroko (Milicia excelsa, syn. Chlorophora excelsa[1][2])

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kerharo, J.; Bouquet, A. (1950) Plantes médicinales et toxiques de la Côte-d’Ivoire - Haute-Volta[1] (in French), Paris: Vigot Frères, page 131
  2. ^ Irvine, F. R. (1961) Woody Plants of Ghana: With Special Reference to Their Uses[2], London: Oxford University Press, page 427

Basque[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Presumably from Proto-Basque *aLa.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ala/ [a.la]
  • Rhymes: -ala
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

Conjunction[edit]

ala

  1. or (exclusive)

Usage notes[edit]

The conjunction ala is an exclusive or, while edo is an inclusive or. For instance, while Sagarrak edo udareak nahi al dituzu? and Sagarrak ala udareak nahi dituzu? are both correct, the former asks in a yes or no question if you want apples, pears, apples and pears, or nothing; while the latter asks which one you want, the apples, or the pears.

References[edit]

  1. ^ ala” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin āla (wing).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural ales)

  1. wing (appendage that enables flight)

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Chickasaw[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ala (active, short verb)

  1. (intransitive) to arrive, to come (I)
  2. (intransitive) to be born (I)
    Synonym: atta
  3. (intransitive) to be here, to get here (I)
  4. (transitive) to come to, to arrive at (I;3)

Inflection[edit]

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms[edit]

Estonian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *ala.

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun[edit]

ala (genitive ala, partitive ala)

  1. area, territory, region
    Sellelt alalt on leitud palju rauda.A lot of iron has been found in this area.
  2. (in working life, in sciences) field
    Ainuke ala, mis mind huvitab, on ajalugu.The only field which interests me is history.
  3. (business) branch

Declension[edit]

Declension of ala (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative ala alad
accusative nom.
gen. ala
genitive alade
partitive ala alu
alasid
illative alla
alasse
aladesse
alusse
inessive alas alades
alus
elative alast aladest
alust
allative alale aladele
alule
adessive alal aladel
alul
ablative alalt aladelt
alult
translative alaks aladeks
aluks
terminative alani aladeni
essive alana aladena
abessive alata aladeta
comitative alaga aladega

Further reading[edit]

  • ala”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (online version, not updated, in Estonian), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
  • ala”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (online version, in Estonian), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
  • ala”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (online version, in Estonian), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018
  • ala in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Faroese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (to nourish, grow), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (to grow).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ala (third person singular past indicative ól, third person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

  1. (kvæði) to give birth to
  2. to foster
  3. to nourish
  4. to breed

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of ala (group v-58)
infinitive ala
supine alið
participle (a26)1 alandi alin
present past
first singular ali ól
second singular elur ól(st)
third singular elur ól
plural ala ólu
imperative
singular al!
plural alið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

See ala-; this stem was repurposed as a noun meaning "underside, lower side", from which the other senses have developed.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlɑ/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Syllabification(key): a‧la

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. area, field, domain (one's field of expertise or activity)
  2. field, discipline (specific branch of knowledge, learning, or practice; e.g. in work or sciences)
  3. industry, sector, branch (business, studies, etc.)
  4. (mathematics) area
    Synonym: pinta-ala
  5. (archaic) underside
Declension[edit]
Inflection of ala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative ala alat
genitive alan alojen
partitive alaa aloja
illative alaan aloihin
singular plural
nominative ala alat
accusative nom. ala alat
gen. alan
genitive alan alojen
alainrare
partitive alaa aloja
inessive alassa aloissa
elative alasta aloista
illative alaan aloihin
adessive alalla aloilla
ablative alalta aloilta
allative alalle aloille
essive alana aloina
translative alaksi aloiksi
abessive alatta aloitta
instructive aloin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of ala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative alani alani
accusative nom. alani alani
gen. alani
genitive alani alojeni
alainirare
partitive alaani alojani
inessive alassani aloissani
elative alastani aloistani
illative alaani aloihini
adessive alallani aloillani
ablative alaltani aloiltani
allative alalleni aloilleni
essive alanani aloinani
translative alakseni aloikseni
abessive alattani aloittani
instructive
comitative aloineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative alasi alasi
accusative nom. alasi alasi
gen. alasi
genitive alasi alojesi
alaisirare
partitive alaasi alojasi
inessive alassasi aloissasi
elative alastasi aloistasi
illative alaasi aloihisi
adessive alallasi aloillasi
ablative alaltasi aloiltasi
allative alallesi aloillesi
essive alanasi aloinasi
translative alaksesi aloiksesi
abessive alattasi aloittasi
instructive
comitative aloinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative alamme alamme
accusative nom. alamme alamme
gen. alamme
genitive alamme alojemme
alaimmerare
partitive alaamme alojamme
inessive alassamme aloissamme
elative alastamme aloistamme
illative alaamme aloihimme
adessive alallamme aloillamme
ablative alaltamme aloiltamme
allative alallemme aloillemme
essive alanamme aloinamme
translative alaksemme aloiksemme
abessive alattamme aloittamme
instructive
comitative aloinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative alanne alanne
accusative nom. alanne alanne
gen. alanne
genitive alanne alojenne
alainnerare
partitive alaanne alojanne
inessive alassanne aloissanne
elative alastanne aloistanne
illative alaanne aloihinne
adessive alallanne aloillanne
ablative alaltanne aloiltanne
allative alallenne aloillenne
essive alananne aloinanne
translative alaksenne aloiksenne
abessive alattanne aloittanne
instructive
comitative aloinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative alansa alansa
accusative nom. alansa alansa
gen. alansa
genitive alansa alojensa
alainsarare
partitive alaansa alojaan
alojansa
inessive alassaan
alassansa
aloissaan
aloissansa
elative alastaan
alastansa
aloistaan
aloistansa
illative alaansa aloihinsa
adessive alallaan
alallansa
aloillaan
aloillansa
ablative alaltaan
alaltansa
aloiltaan
aloiltansa
allative alalleen
alallensa
aloilleen
aloillensa
essive alanaan
alanansa
aloinaan
aloinansa
translative alakseen
alaksensa
aloikseen
aloiksensa
abessive alattaan
alattansa
aloittaan
aloittansa
instructive
comitative aloineen
aloinensa
Derived terms[edit]
compounds

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlɑˣ/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Syllabification(key): a‧la

Verb[edit]

ala

  1. inflection of alkaa:
    1. present active indicative connegative
    2. second-person singular present imperative
    3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited á.

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing
    Synonym: á

Further reading[edit]

Gallurese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Classical Latin āla, from earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (axis).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural ali)

  1. wing

References[edit]

  1. ^ Mauro Maxia (2012) Fonetica storica del gallurese e delle altre varietà sardocorse, Editrice Taphros, →ISBN

Hawaiian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈa.la/, [ˈɐ.lə]

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. way, path, road

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “ala”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press

Hoyahoya[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. grandfather

References[edit]

Icelandic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (to nourish, grow), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (to grow).

Verb[edit]

ala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ól, third-person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

  1. to bear, give birth to [+accusative]
  2. to foster [+accusative]
  3. to feed, nourish [+accusative]
Conjugation[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. indefinite genitive plural of alur

Igala[edit]

Álá

Etymology[edit]

Compare with Ebira àra, probably from Idoma ala, displaced native àgwùtọ̀

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

álá

  1. sheep
    Synonym: (obsolete) àgwùtọ̀
  2. (idiomatic, offensive) idiot, stupid person
    Synonyms: àgwùtọ̀, álá onẹ̀

Derived terms[edit]

Igbo[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Igboid *ɛ́-làCḭ. Cognate with Ekpeye ɛ́lɛ̀, Ogbah àlɪ̀, Ezaa àlɪ̀, Izi àlɪ̀, Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni ànɪ̀, Ika àlɪ̀.[1] Compare Proto-Yoruboid *á-lɛ̀, (Yoruba alẹ̀).

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. earth, land, soil, ground.
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Igboid [Term?]. Cognate with Ogbah ɛ́rã́, Ezaa ɛ́rá, Izi ɛ́rá, Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni ɛ́lá, Ika ɛ́rã́.[1] Possibly cognate with Yoruba wàrà.

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. breast
  2. milk

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 Blench, Roger; Williamson, Kay; Ohiri-Aniche, Chinyere (2013) Comparative Igboid[3]

Indonesian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈala]
  • Hyphenation: ala

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition[edit]

ala

  1. (colloquial) a la, in the style or manner of.
    Synonyms: khas, gaya

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā).

Preposition[edit]

ala

  1. on, over.
    Synonyms: atas, pada, kepada, akan

Noun[edit]

ala (first-person possessive alaku, second-person possessive alamu, third-person possessive alanya)

  1. (law) land with the owner or descendants still have the main rights in that land.

Etymology 3[edit]

From Arabic أَعْلَى (ʔaʕlā).

Adjective[edit]

ala

  1. high.
    Synonym: tinggi

Further reading[edit]

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Middle Irish athlad.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. Only used in phrases; see Derived terms below

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈa.la/
  • Rhymes: -ala
  • Hyphenation: à‧la

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin āla.

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural ali or (archaic or poetic) ale)

  1. wing
    Synonym: alia (archaic; slang)
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

ala

  1. inflection of alare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Jarai[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaR, from Proto-Austronesian *SulaR.

Noun[edit]

ala (classifier drơi)

  1. snake

Javanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

ala

  1. Romanization of ꦲꦭ

Kapampangan[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • la (text messaging)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (to be, exist), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /əˈlaʔ/, [əˈläʔ]

Pronoun[edit]

alâ

  1. nothing; no one; none; nonexistent

Adjective[edit]

alâ

  1. missing; absent; gone; lost
    Synonyms: liban, bating, lili
  2. (euphemistic) dead
    Synonym: mete

Ladin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From a +‎ la.

Contraction[edit]

ala

  1. at or to the (+ feminine singular noun)

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (axis).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

āla f (genitive ālae); first declension

  1. A wing.
  2. (anatomy) The upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit.
  3. (zoology) The hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder blade.
  4. (botany) The hollow where a limb joins the trunk of a tree.
  5. (architecture) The wings off the main room, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, waiting areas, the colonnades.
  6. (military) The wing of an army, cavalry force (usually deployed on an army's flank).

Inflection[edit]

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative āla ālae
Genitive ālae ālārum
Dative ālae ālīs
Accusative ālam ālās
Ablative ālā ālīs
Vocative āla ālae

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Latvian[edit]

 ala on Latvian Wikipedia
Ala (1)
Trušu ala (2)

Etymology[edit]

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (depth, hole, cave), from Old Saxon hol, or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (cave), all from Proto-West Germanic *hol.

A different view suggests that ala could also be a reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (to flow, to drain) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots ((water) source), alksna, aluksna (miry, swampy place) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (to flow, to drip). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs,” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

(file)

Noun[edit]

ala f (4th declension)

  1. cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)
    klinšu alasrock caves
    pazemes alasubterranean cave
    alu labirinticave labyrinths
    alu cilvēkscaveman
    alu zīmējumicave drawings, paintings
    Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gariin Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers
  2. burrow, hole, lair, den (the dwelling of some animals, in the form of a cavity with one or many exits)
    peles, lapsas alasmice, fox holes
    āpšu, trušu alasbadger, rabbit holes, burrows
    rakt aluto dig a hole, burrow
    nekā sevišķa tur neredzēja, izņemot nelielu caurumu zemē... likās tā kā kurmja alathere was nothing special to see there, except a small whole on the ground... it seemed to be a molehill (lit. hole)

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ala”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Laz[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

ala

  1. Latin spelling of ალა (ala)

Malagasy[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas, from Proto-Austronesian *Salas. Cognate with Balinese ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas), Javanese ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ (alas).

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. forest

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Austronesian *alaq (fetch; get; take).

Adverb[edit]

ala

  1. without; freed from; removed from

Malay[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

ala (Jawi spelling الا or على)

  1. like
  2. according to
  3. on

References[edit]

Mirandese[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing
  2. (nautical) sail

North Wahgi[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. mistake

References[edit]

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala m (Arabic spelling ئالا)

  1. Alternative form of al (flag, banner)

Declension[edit]

References[edit]

  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ala”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 5

Northern Ndebele[edit]

Verb[edit]

-ála

  1. to refuse

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Samic *ëlëk.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈala/

Adverb[edit]

ala

  1. over
  2. on, on top

Derived terms[edit]

  • alcces-, alcce-, allas- (locative stems of ieš (self))

Postposition[edit]

ala

  1. over
  2. on, onto, on top of

Further reading[edit]

  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[10], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi.

Alternative forms[edit]

Verb[edit]

ala (present tense aler or el, past tense alte or ol, past participle alt or ale, present participle alande, imperative al)

  1. to foster

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. definite plural of al

References[edit]

Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin āla.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing

Old High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *ālu. Cognates include Old English æl and Old Norse alr.

Noun[edit]

āla f

  1. awl

Descendants[edit]

Old Norse[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *alaną (to nourish, grow), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi, from *h₂el- (to raise, feed, nourish). Cognate with Old English alan and Latin alō.

Verb[edit]

ala (singular present indicative elr, singular past indicative ól, plural past indicative ólu, past participle alinn)

  1. to produce
  2. to testify
  3. to breed
  4. to nourish
Conjugation[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Icelandic: ala
  • Faroese: ala
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ala
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ale
  • Old Swedish: ala
  • Old Danish: alæ
  • Old Gutnish: ala

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. indefinite genitive plural of alr

References[edit]

  • ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin āla.

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing (limb)
    • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.
      la p̃mera ſemeiaua leon e auie alas de aguila ueye q̃ meſauan ſus alas e cayen atierra e ſobre ſos piedes como om̃e se leuãtaua
      The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I saw its wings torn off and fall to the ground so that it stood on its feet like a man.
Descendants[edit]
  • Ladino: ala (Latin spelling)
  • Spanish: ala

Etymology 2[edit]

A contraction of a (to, toward, in, at) + la (the); the feminine singular definite article.

Contraction[edit]

ala (plural alas)

  1. (followed by a singular feminine noun) to the, toward the
    • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. b.
      Loth ouo miedo de ſeer en segor esubio alas mõtãnas cõ sus .ij. fijas. estido ẽ una cueua cõ sus .ij. fijas. edixo la maior ala menor. nr̃o padre es uyeio eno nos podremos caſar. com es derecho.
      Lot was afraid to stay in Zoar, so he moved to the mountains with his two daughters. There he lived in a cave with his two daughters; then older [daughter] said to the younger: "Our father is old, and [here] we cannot marry as is the custom."
  2. (followed by a singular feminine noun) in the, at the
    • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. a.
      eſtos angeles cõ q̃ fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta de la cibdat. e violos & leuãtos cõtra ellõ.
      These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. And he saw them and got up to meet them.
Related terms[edit]

Papiamentu[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • hala (alternative spelling)

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese ala and Spanish ala.

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. wing

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Latin āla.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala f

  1. (historical, Ancient Rome) ala (Roman allied military unit)

Declension[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • ala in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Rhymes: -alɐ
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

Etymology 1[edit]

Learned borrowing from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural alas)

  1. a flank
    1. (military) a flank unit
    2. (sports) wing (position on either side of the field)
  2. (chiefly politics) faction (ideologically distinct group within an organisation)
  3. a row among a larger group of people or things
    1. (military) a rank or file of soldiers
    2. (Brazil) a subdivision of a carnival block consisting of similarly themed participants
  4. (architecture) wing (part of a building that extends from the main structure)
  5. (chess) each player’s half of the chessboard
  6. (dated) wing (part of an animal)

Noun[edit]

ala m or f by sense (plural alas)

  1. (sports) wing; winger (player in a wing position)
  2. (aviation) wingman (support pilot in a squadron)
Related terms[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ala!

  1. out! (demanding that someone leave)
    Synonym: fora

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

ala

  1. inflection of alar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Pukapukan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. path, way, lane, track

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Rade[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Chamic *ʔular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. snake

Romansch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin āla.

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural alas)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) wing
  2. mouldboard

Sassarese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural ali)

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of ara (wing)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Mauro Maxia (2012) Fonetica storica del gallurese e delle altre varietà sardocorse, Editrice Taphros, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

àla (Cyrillic spelling а̀ла)

  1. (used for emphasis, or as an intensifier) expression of awe, surprise, dismay, etc.
    Ala je bilo lijepo!It sure was nice!
    Ala lažeš!Oh, you're lying!

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, spotted, variegated).

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ála or àla or ȁla (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла) (indeclinable)

  1. piebald, spotted

Etymology 3[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xala, unless borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, spotted, variegated), euphemistic for a snake.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

ála or àla or ȁla f (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла)

  1. dragon, type of mythical creature similar to dragon
See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Knüppel, Michael (2009), “Zu serbo-kroatisch hȁla ∼ ȁla ‘Drache’”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch[11] (in German), volume 55, pages 179–183

Sicilian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin āla.

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural ali)

  1. wing

References[edit]

  • Traina, Antonino (1868), “ala”, in Nuovo vocabolario Siciliano-Italiano [New Sicilian-Italian vocabulary] (in Italian), Liber Liber, published 2020, page 179

Southern Ndebele[edit]

Verb[edit]

-ála

  1. to refuse

Inflection[edit]

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.

Noun[edit]

ala f (plural alas)

  1. wing (of bird or insect)
  2. wing (of aircraft)
  3. brim (of hat)
  4. (military) flank (of a formation)
  5. (sports) wing (part of the field)
  6. (in the plural) flip, wings (hairstyle)

Noun[edit]

ala m or f by sense (plural alas)

  1. (sports) winger
Usage notes[edit]
  • Feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ like this one regularly take the singular articles el and un, usually reserved for masculine nouns.
    el ala, un ala
  • They maintain the usual feminine singular articles la and una if an adjective intervenes between the article and the noun.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Interjection[edit]

ala

  1. Alternative spelling of hala

Further reading[edit]

Sranan Tongo[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ala

  1. everything

Swahili[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic آلَة (ʔāla).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ala (n class, plural ala)

  1. tool, instrument
    Synonym: kifaa
  2. sheath, scabbard

References[edit]

  • Baldi, Sergio (2020-11-30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20 No. 133

Swazi[edit]

Verb[edit]

-ála

  1. to refuse

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /ʔaˈla/, [ʔɐˈla]

Interjection[edit]

alá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ) (dialectal)

  1. expressing negation or disapproval, or sometimes agreement, depending on the tenor of expression
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish ala.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /ˈʔala/, [ˈʔa.lɐ]

Noun[edit]

ala (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

  1. (uncommon) wing
    Synonyms: pakpak, bagwis
  2. (architecture) extension of building sideways
See also[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Apheresis of wala.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • IPA(key): /ʔaˈlaʔ/, [ʔɐˈlaʔ]

Pronoun[edit]

alâ (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

  1. Alternative form of wala

Adjective[edit]

alâ (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

  1. Alternative form of wala

Etymology 4[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish a la.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʔaˈla/, [ʔɐˈla]
  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • Rhymes: -a

Adverb[edit]

alá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

  1. o'clock (only for one o' clock)
    Synonym: (besides one o' clock) alas
Derived terms[edit]

Tokelauan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈa.la]
  • Hyphenation: a‧la

Etymology 1[edit]

Te ala (1.1).

From Proto-Polynesian *hala. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.

Noun[edit]

ala

  1. path, road
  2. reason, cause
  3. method, way
  4. transport
  5. working section of a mat
  6. (euphemistic) rectum

Verb[edit]

ala

  1. (transitive) to result from
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *qara. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.

Verb[edit]

ala (plural feala)

  1. (stative) to be awake
  2. (stative) to be accurate
  3. (stative) to be sharp
  4. (stative, of watercraft) to be close to the wind

References[edit]

  • R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary[12], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 11

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala), from Proto-Turkic *āla (variegated).[1] Doublet of ela.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɑˈɫɑ/
  • Hyphenation: a‧la
  • (file)

Adjective[edit]

ala

  1. multicolored, pied, variegated
  2. Clipping of alabalık (trout).

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*āla”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Uneapa[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From earlier *lala via dissimilation (compare Muduapa lala), from Proto-Oceanic *kilala via truncation, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilala, from Proto-Austronesian *kilala.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ala

  1. to know

Further reading[edit]

  • Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366

Veps[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Related to Finnish älä.

Verb[edit]

ala

  1. second-person singular imperative of ei
  2. do not

Xhosa[edit]

Verb[edit]

-âla

  1. to refuse

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yámana[edit]

Verb[edit]

ala

  1. drink

Yoruba[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

àlà

  1. purity, white cloth, a symbol of the god Ọbàtálá
    Synonym: ẹfun

Etymology 2[edit]

From à- (nominalizing prefix) +‎ (to dream).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

àlá

  1. dream, vision
Derived terms[edit]

Zulu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb[edit]

-âla

  1. to deny, refuse, decline
  2. to forbid
  3. to reject
  4. to refuse give [+ na- (object)]
  5. to hate, detest

Inflection[edit]

Tone HH
Infinitive ukwala
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukwala ukungali
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yala -ale
Plural yalani -aleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyala, ngala engalayo, engala ngala angali engingali ngingali
2nd singular uyala, wala owalayo, owala wala awali ongali ungali
1st plural siyala, sala esalayo, esala sala asali esingali singali
2nd plural niyala, nala enalayo, enala nala anali eningali ningali
Class 1 uyala, wala owalayo, owala ala akali ongali engali
Class 2 bayala, bala abalayo, abala bala abali abangali bengali
Class 3 uyala, wala owalayo, owala wala awali ongali ungali
Class 4 iyala, yala eyalayo, eyala yala ayali engali ingali
Class 5 liyala, lala elalayo, elala lala alali elingali lingali
Class 6 ayala, ala alayo, ala ala awali angali engali
Class 7 siyala, sala esalayo, esala sala asali esingali singali
Class 8 ziyala, zala ezalayo, ezala zala azali ezingali zingali
Class 9 iyala, yala eyalayo, eyala yala ayali engali ingali
Class 10 ziyala, zala ezalayo, ezala zala azali ezingali zingali
Class 11 luyala, lwala olwalayo, olwala lwala alwali olungali lungali
Class 14 buyala, bala obalayo, obala bala abali obungali bungali
Class 15 kuyala, kwala okwalayo, okwala kwala akwali okungali kungali
Class 17 kuyala, kwala okwalayo, okwala kwala akwali okungali kungali
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngalile, ngalē engalile, engalē ngalile, ngalē angalanga engingalanga ngingalanga
2nd singular walile, walē owalile, owalē walile, walē awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
1st plural salile, salē esalile, esalē salile, salē asalanga esingalanga singalanga
2nd plural nalile, nalē enalile, enalē nalile, nalē analanga eningalanga ningalanga
Class 1 walile, walē owalile, owalē alile, alē akalanga ongalanga engalanga
Class 2 balile, balē abalile, abalē balile, balē abalanga abangalanga bengalanga
Class 3 walile, walē owalile, owalē walile, walē awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
Class 4 yalile, yalē eyalile, eyalē yalile, yalē ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 5 lalile, lalē elalile, elalē lalile, lalē alalanga elingalanga lingalanga
Class 6 alile, alē alile, alē alile, alē awalanga angalanga engalanga
Class 7 salile, salē esalile, esalē salile, salē asalanga esingalanga singalanga
Class 8 zalile, zalē ezalile, ezalē zalile, zalē azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 9 yalile, yalē eyalile, eyalē yalile, yalē ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 10 zalile, zalē ezalile, ezalē zalile, zalē azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 11 lwalile, lwalē olwalile, olwalē lwalile, lwalē alwalanga olungalanga lungalanga
Class 14 balile, balē obalile, obalē balile, balē abalanga obungalanga bungalanga
Class 15 kwalile, kwalē okwalile, okwalē kwalile, kwalē akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Class 17 kwalile, kwalē okwalile, okwalē kwalile, kwalē akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāla engāla ngāla angalanga engingalanga ngingalanga
2nd singular wāla owāla wāla awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
1st plural sāla esāla sāla asalanga esingalanga singalanga
2nd plural nāla enāla nāla analanga eningalanga ningalanga
Class 1 wāla owāla āla akalanga ongalanga engalanga
Class 2 bāla abāla bāla abalanga abangalanga bengalanga
Class 3 wāla owāla wāla awalanga ongalanga ungalanga
Class 4 yāla eyāla yāla ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 5 lāla elāla lāla alalanga elingalanga lingalanga
Class 6 āla āla āla awalanga angalanga engalanga
Class 7 sāla esāla sāla asalanga esingalanga singalanga
Class 8 zāla ezāla zāla azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 9 yāla eyāla yāla ayalanga engalanga ingalanga
Class 10 zāla ezāla zāla azalanga ezingalanga zingalanga
Class 11 lwāla olwāla lwāla alwalanga olungalanga lungalanga
Class 14 bāla obāla bāla abalanga obungalanga bungalanga
Class 15 kwāla okwāla kwāla akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Class 17 kwāla okwāla kwāla akwalanga okungalanga kungalanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingala ngingala ngingale ngingale
2nd singular ungala ungala ungale ungale
1st plural singala singala singale singale
2nd plural ningala ningala ningale ningale
Class 1 angala engala angale engale
Class 2 bangala bengala bangale bengale
Class 3 ungala ungala ungale ungale
Class 4 ingala ingala ingale ingale
Class 5 lingala lingala lingale lingale
Class 6 angala engala angale engale
Class 7 singala singala singale singale
Class 8 zingala zingala zingale zingale
Class 9 ingala ingala ingale ingale
Class 10 zingala zingala zingale zingale
Class 11 lungala lungala lungale lungale
Class 14 bungala bungala bungale bungale
Class 15 kungala kungala kungale kungale
Class 17 kungala kungala kungale kungale
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokwala engizokwala ngizokwala angizukwala engingezukwala ngingezukwala
2nd singular uzokwala ozokwala uzokwala awuzukwala ongezukwala ungezukwala
1st plural sizokwala esizokwala sizokwala asizukwala esingezukwala singezukwala
2nd plural nizokwala enizokwala nizokwala anizukwala eningezukwala ningezukwala
Class 1 uzokwala ozokwala ezokwala akazukwala ongezukwala engezukwala
Class 2 bazokwala abazokwala bezokwala abazukwala abangezukwala bengezukwala
Class 3 uzokwala ozokwala uzokwala awuzukwala ongezukwala ungezukwala
Class 4 izokwala ezokwala izokwala ayizukwala engezukwala ingezukwala
Class 5 lizokwala elizokwala lizokwala alizukwala elingezukwala lingezukwala
Class 6 azokwala azokwala ezokwala awazukwala angezukwala engezukwala
Class 7 sizokwala esizokwala sizokwala asizukwala esingezukwala singezukwala
Class 8 zizokwala ezizokwala zizokwala azizukwala ezingezukwala zingezukwala
Class 9 izokwala ezokwala izokwala ayizukwala engezukwala ingezukwala
Class 10 zizokwala ezizokwala zizokwala azizukwala ezingezukwala zingezukwala
Class 11 luzokwala oluzokwala luzokwala aluzukwala olungezukwala lungezukwala
Class 14 buzokwala obuzokwala buzokwala abuzukwala obungezukwala bungezukwala
Class 15 kuzokwala okuzokwala kuzokwala akuzukwala okungezukwala kungezukwala
Class 17 kuzokwala okuzokwala kuzokwala akuzukwala okungezukwala kungezukwala
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokwala engiyokwala ngiyokwala angiyukwala engingeyukwala ngingeyukwala
2nd singular uyokwala oyokwala uyokwala awuyukwala ongeyukwala ungeyukwala
1st plural siyokwala esiyokwala siyokwala asiyukwala esingeyukwala singeyukwala
2nd plural niyokwala eniyokwala niyokwala aniyukwala eningeyukwala ningeyukwala
Class 1 uyokwala oyokwala eyokwala akayukwala ongeyukwala engeyukwala
Class 2 bayokwala abayokwala beyokwala abayukwala abangeyukwala bengeyukwala
Class 3 uyokwala oyokwala uyokwala awuyukwala ongeyukwala ungeyukwala
Class 4 iyokwala eyokwala iyokwala ayiyukwala engeyukwala ingeyukwala
Class 5 liyokwala eliyokwala liyokwala aliyukwala elingeyukwala lingeyukwala
Class 6 ayokwala ayokwala eyokwala awayukwala angeyukwala engeyukwala
Class 7 siyokwala esiyokwala siyokwala asiyukwala esingeyukwala singeyukwala
Class 8 ziyokwala eziyokwala ziyokwala aziyukwala ezingeyukwala zingeyukwala
Class 9 iyokwala eyokwala iyokwala ayiyukwala engeyukwala ingeyukwala
Class 10 ziyokwala eziyokwala ziyokwala aziyukwala ezingeyukwala zingeyukwala
Class 11 luyokwala oluyokwala luyokwala aluyukwala olungeyukwala lungeyukwala
Class 14 buyokwala obuyokwala buyokwala abuyukwala obungeyukwala bungeyukwala
Class 15 kuyokwala okuyokwala kuyokwala akuyukwala okungeyukwala kungeyukwala
Class 17 kuyokwala okuyokwala kuyokwala akuyukwala okungeyukwala kungeyukwala
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngale ngingali
2nd singular wale ungali
1st plural sale singali
2nd plural nale ningali
Class 1 ale angali
Class 2 bale bangali
Class 3 wale ungali
Class 4 yale ingali
Class 5 lale lingali
Class 6 ale angali
Class 7 sale singali
Class 8 zale zingali
Class 9 yale ingali
Class 10 zale zingali
Class 11 lwale lungali
Class 14 bale bungali
Class 15 kwale kungali
Class 17 kwale kungali
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngala ngangala, angala, angangala
2nd singular wala wangala, awala, awangala
1st plural sala sangala, asala, asangala
2nd plural nala nangala, anala, anangala
Class 1 wala wangala, akala, akangala
Class 2 bala bangala, abala, abangala
Class 3 wala wangala, awala, awangala
Class 4 yala yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 5 lala langala, alala, alangala
Class 6 ala angala, awala, awangala
Class 7 sala sangala, asala, asangala
Class 8 zala zangala, azala, azangala
Class 9 yala yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 10 zala zangala, azala, azangala
Class 11 lwala lwangala, alwala, alwangala
Class 14 bala bangala, abala, abangala
Class 15 kwala kwangala, akwala, akwangala
Class 17 kwala kwangala, akwala, akwangala

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]