vos
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)
Derived terms
Catalan
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)
- you (plural, direct or indirect object)
Declension
Usage notes
- -vos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.
- Heu de quedar-vos aquí. ― You must stay here.
Further reading
- “vos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “vos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “vos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Danish
Pronoun
vos
- (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
- Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...
- 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt
- Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...
- 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger
- Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Noun
vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)
- fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
- red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes
- Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
- fox fur
- a crafty, ingenious person
- Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
- Conrad is a sly fox who does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
- horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived terms
- brandvos
- een vos verliest wel zijn haren, maar niet zijn streken
- eilandvos
- gewone vos
- grijze vos
- grootoorvos
- kitvos
- kortoorvos
- kruisvos
- moervos
- poolvos
- rode vos
- schoolvos
- vosaap
- vosbelg
- vosbles
- vosgans
- voskleurig
- voskonijn
- vosrekel
- vosruin
- vosschaar
- vosschimmel
- vossen
- vossenbes
- vossengat
- vossengeschreeuw
- vossenhuid
- vossenjacht
- vossenkuil
- vossenstaart
- vossenval
- vossenvel
- woestijnvos
- zilvervos
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
vos
- (deprecated template usage) first-person singular present indicative of vossen
- (deprecated template usage) imperative of vossen
French
Etymology
From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).
Pronunciation
Determiner
vos pl
Related terms
Template:French possessive adjectives
Further reading
- “vos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Pronoun
vos
- inflection of vós:
Icelandic
Etymology
Noun
vos n (genitive singular voss, nominative plural vos)
Declension
Declension of vos | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n-s | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | vos | vosið | vos | vosin |
accusative | vos | vosið | vos | vosin |
dative | vosi | vosinu | vosum | vosunum |
genitive | voss | vossins | vosa | vosanna |
Interlingua
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun
vos
- you (plural)
Ladino
Etymology
From Old Spanish vosotros.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
vos (Latin spelling)
- you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)
- accusative of vozotros
- accusative of vozotras
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /u̯oːs/, [u̯oːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /vos/, [vɔs]
Pronoun
vōs
- you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū
Usage notes
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
Declension
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | First | Second | Reflexive third | Third | |||||
Case / Gender | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | Masc./ Fem./Neut. | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |||||
Nominative | egō̆ | tū | — | is | ea | id | nōs | vōs | — | eī iī |
eae | ea | |
Genitive | meī | tuī | suī | eius | nostrī nostrum |
vestrī vestrum |
suī | eōrum | eārum | eōrum | |||
Dative | mihī̆ | tibī̆ | sibi | eī | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi | eīs | |||||
Accusative | mē | tē | sē sēsē |
eum | eam | id | nōs | vōs | sē sēsē |
eōs | eās | ea | |
Ablative | mē | tē | sē sēsē | eō | eā | eō | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē sēsē |
eīs | |||
Vocative | egō | tū | — | nōs | vōs | — |
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
References
- “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
- not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
Lithuanian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Adverb
vos (not comparable)
Derived terms
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Noun
vos m
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
vos
- to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
- yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
vos
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- That you may be able to get rid of this blame
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
- yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
- circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:
- qant je vos voi de tel meniere
- when I see you in such a state
Descendants
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun
vos
- you (plural or polite form)
Descendants
- Occitan: vos
Piedmontese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
vos f (plural vos)
Portuguese
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: vos
Pronoun
vos
See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Sardinian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
vos (possessive vostru)
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.
Noun
vọ̑s m inan
Further reading
- “vos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
vos
- (archaic) an elevated form of you, either singular or plural
- (parts of Latin America, Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines) a form of you, singular
- Synonym: tú
Derived terms
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further reading
- “vos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
vos
Synonyms
- (plural): vozôtes
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio links
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Danish lemmas
- Danish pronouns
- Danish dialectal terms
- Danish pronunciation spellings
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔsvos
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔsvos/1 syllable
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- nl:Canids
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/o
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French determiners
- French possessive determiners
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician pronoun forms
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Interlingua terms derived from Latin
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua pronouns
- Ladino terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Ladino terms derived from Old Spanish
- Ladino terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino pronouns
- Ladino pronouns in Latin script
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin pronouns
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian adverbs
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch nouns
- Middle Dutch masculine nouns
- dum:Canids
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan pronouns
- Occitan personal pronouns
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old French lemmas
- Old French pronouns
- Old French personal pronouns
- Old French subject pronouns
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan pronouns
- Piedmontese terms inherited from Latin
- Piedmontese terms derived from Latin
- Piedmontese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Piedmontese lemmas
- Piedmontese nouns
- Piedmontese feminine nouns
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese pronoun forms
- Sardinian terms inherited from Latin
- Sardinian terms derived from Latin
- Sardinian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sardinian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sardinian lemmas
- Sardinian pronouns
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene masculine inanimate nouns
- Slovene masculine nouns
- Slovene inanimate nouns
- Slovene terms with obsolete senses
- sl:Hair
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Old Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish terms with archaic senses
- Latin American Spanish
- Walloon terms inherited from Old French
- Walloon terms derived from Old French
- Walloon terms inherited from Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Latin
- Walloon terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Walloon terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Walloon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Walloon lemmas
- Walloon pronouns