羨

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See also: 羡
羨 U+7FA8, 羨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FA8
← 羧
[U+7FA7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 義 →
[U+7FA9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

羨 (radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 80182, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 952, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3134, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7FA8

Chinese[edit]

trad. 羨/羡
simp. 羡

Glyph origin[edit]

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.

羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).

The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymolgoy 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:

羨，貪欲也，今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羨，似面翻，慕也。非也，字書無从次之字，惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.][▼ expand/hide]
羡，贪欲也，今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羡，似面翻，慕也。非也，字书无从次之字，惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian
羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin]
羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.

Etymology 1[edit]

Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
    • siān - literary;
    • soān - vernacular.
  • surname:
    • siān - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
    • soān - Zhangzhou;
    • soan - Taiwan.
  • (Teochew)
    • Note:
    • iang6 - Shantou;
    • iêng6 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 羨
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 似面切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ziᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ziɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/zjænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zianH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ziɛnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiàn
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 羨 羨
    Reading # 1/3 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàn xiàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjenH › ‹ zjenH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-N-qa[r]-s/ /*s-[ɢ]a[n]-s/
    English covet, desire surplus, affluence

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 羨
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 13574
    Phonetic
    component         		羨
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		羡
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ljans/
    Notes 㳄字轉註

    Definitions[edit]

    羨

    1. to envy; to admire
    2. † superfluous; in surplus
    3. † surplus; affluence
    4. † to surpass; to exceed
    5. † abundant; plentiful
    6. † crooked; evil
    7. 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
    8. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 羨
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 脂 (15)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 以脂切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jiɪ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ji/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/jɪ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ji/
    Li
    Rong         		/i/
    Wang
    Li         		/ji/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yí
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 羨
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 13573
    Phonetic
    component         		羨
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		姨
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lel/
    Notes 沙羨漢縣

    Definitions[edit]

    羨

    1. Only used in 沙羨／沙羡.

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 羨 – see 延 (“to prolong; to stretch; to extend; etc.”).
    (This character, 羨, is a variant form of 延.)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    羨

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    羨 • (seon, yeon) (hangeul 선, 연, revised seon, yeon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, yŏn, Yale sen, yen)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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