羨
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
羨 (radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 80182, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 952, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
- Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7FA8
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 羨/羡 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 羡 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.
羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).
The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:
- 羨,貪欲也,今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羨,似面翻,慕也。非也,字書無从次之字,惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian
- 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin]
- 羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.
羡,贪欲也,今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羡,似面翻,慕也。非也,字书无从次之字,惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 1[edit]
Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
羨
- to envy; to admire
- † superfluous; in surplus
- † surplus; affluence
- † to surpass; to exceed
- † abundant; plentiful
- † crooked; evil
- 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
- A surname.
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
羨
Etymology 3[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 羨 – see 延 (“to prolong; to stretch; to extend; etc.”). (This character, 羨, is a variant form of 延.) |
References[edit]
- “羨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings[edit]
- On (unclassified): せん (sen, Jōyō); えん (en)
- Kun: うらやましい (urayamashii, 羨ましい, Jōyō); うらやむ (urayamu, 羨む, Jōyō); あまり (amari)
- Nanori: よし (yoshi)
Compounds[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC ziᴇnH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘːn]
- Phonetic hangeul: [선ː]
- Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.
Hanja[edit]
羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon))
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC jiᴇnH).
Historical readings |
---|
|
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangeul: [연]
Hanja[edit]
羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
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