花

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Template:character info/new

花 U+2F993, 花
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F993
← 劳
[U+2F992] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 芳 →
[U+2F994]

Translingual

Stroke order
Simplified Chinese

Han character

花 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿人心 (TOP), four-corner 44214, composition ⿱艹化)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3181, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+82B1

Chinese

trad. 花
simp. # 花
alternative forms 華／华
蘤／花
芲
𠌶
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 花
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hʷraː) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls). Originally 𠌶 or 華 before the Han dynasty.

Etymology

Unknown. According to Schuessler (2007), either from:

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • hoe - vernacular;
    • hoa - literary.
Rime
Character 花
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼瓜切
Baxter xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hˠua/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/xua/
Wang
Li 		/xwa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 花
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʷʰˁra/
English flower (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 花
Reading # 1/1
No. 5326
Phonetic
component 		化
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		華
Old
Chinese 		/*hʷraː/
Notes 俗與華通用

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 花

  1. flower; blossom (Classifier: 朵 m c; 支 m c; 蕊 h mn; 束 m c; 把 m; 盆 m c; 簇 m; 紮／扎 c)
    花朵  ―  huāduǒ  ―  flower
  2. florid; flowery
  3. pattern; design
    松花蛋  ―  sōnghuādàn  ―  thousand-year-old egg
  4. blurred
    眼花  ―  yǎnhuā  ―  to have blurred vision
  5. fireworks
  6. essence; cream
  7. wound
  8. smallpox
  9. courtesan; prostitute
  10. to spend (money, time, etc.); to cost
  11. profligate
  12. (slang) randy; lecherous
  13. (slang) to be horny; to womanize
  14. false
  15. (Cantonese) scratched
  16. (Cantonese, card games) flush
  17. a surname Hua

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 花朵 (“flower”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 花, 華
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 花朵, 花
Mandarin Beijing 花兒
Taiwan 花
Ulanhot 花兒
Tongliao 花兒
Chifeng 花兒
Bayanhot 花兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 花兒
Shenyang 花
Yantai (Muping) 花
Jinan 花
Luoyang 花兒
Wanrong 花兒
Zhengzhou 花兒
Xi'an 花
Yinchuan 花
Lanzhou 花兒, 花
Xining 花兒, 花
Ürümqi 花
Wuhan 花
Chengdu 花
Guiyang 花
Kunming 花
Guilin 花
Liuzhou 花
Xuzhou 花兒
Yangzhou 花
Nanjing 花
Hefei 花
Singapore 花
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 花兒
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 花
Cantonese Guangzhou 花
Hong Kong 花
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 花
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 花
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 花
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 花
Macau 花
Guangzhou (Panyu) 花
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 花
Guangzhou (Conghua) 花
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 花
Foshan 花
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 花
Foshan (Shunde) 花
Foshan (Sanshui) 花
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 花
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 花
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 花
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 花
Zhuhai (Doumen) 花
Jiangmen (Baisha) 花
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 花
Taishan 花
Kaiping (Chikan) 花
Enping (Niujiang) 花
Heshan (Yayao) 花
Dongguan 花
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 花
Shaoguan 花
Yunfu 花
Yangjiang 花
Xinyi 花
Lianjiang 花
Nanning 花
Wuzhou 花
Yulin 花
Hepu (Lianzhou) 花
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 花
Singapore (Guangfu) 花
Gan Nanchang 花
Lichuan 花
Pingxiang 花
Hakka Meixian 花
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 花
Dongguan (Qingxi) 花
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 花
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 花
Conghua (Lütian) 花
Yudu 花
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 花
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 花
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 花
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 花
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 花
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 花
Hong Kong 花
Luchuan (Daqiao) 花
Senai (Huiyang) 花
Singkawang 花
Huizhou Jixi 花
Jin Taiyuan 花兒
Pingyao 花
Xinzhou 花兒
Taibus (Baochang) 花兒
Linhe 花
Jining 花兒
Hohhot 花兒
Baotou 花兒
Dongsheng 花兒
Haibowan 花兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 花
Eastern Min Fuzhou 花
Fuqing 花
Matsu 花
Southern Min Xiamen 花, 花蕊
Quanzhou 花, 花蕊
Zhangzhou 花, 花蕊
Taipei 花, 花蕊
Penang (Hokkien) 花
Singapore (Hokkien) 花
Manila (Hokkien) 花
Pingnan (Shangdu) 花
Chaozhou 花
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 花
Singapore (Teochew) 花
Leizhou 花
Haikou 花
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 花, 花朵
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 花
Shehua Fu'an 花
Fuding 花
Luoyuan 花
Sanming 花
Shunchang 花
Hua'an 花
Guixi (Zhangping) 花
Cangnan 花
Jingning 花
Lishui 花
Longyou 花
Chaozhou 花
Fengshun 花
Wu Shanghai 花
Shanghai (Chongming) 花
Suzhou 花
Hangzhou 花
Ningbo 花
Wenzhou 花
Jinhua 花
Xiang Changsha 花
Loudi 花
Shuangfeng 花
Quanzhou 花

Compounds

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Descendants

  • → Ai-Cham: hwa¹
  • → Korean: 화 (hwa)
  • → Vietnamese: hoa
  • → Zhuang: va

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

花

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. flower
  2. beauty
  3. red-light district

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
花
はな
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Noun

花(はな) • (hana) 

  1. a flower
    • 1999 February 4, “火(か)炎(えん)草(そう) [Fire Grass]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
      火(か)山(ざん)の近(ちか)くに生(せい)息(そく)する草(くさ)。花(はな)から火(か)炎(えん)を吹(ふ)き攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
      Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.
      A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.
    • 1999 March 1, “ダーク・プラント [Dark Plant]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
      汚(お)染(せん)された土(つち)と闇(やみ)の力(ちから)で育(そだ)てられた花(はな)。とても凶(きょう)暴(ぼう)。
      Osen sareta tsuchi to yami no chikara de sodaterareta hana. Totemo kyōbō.
      A flower that grows from polluted soil and dark powers. It is very nasty.
    • 1999 May 25, “深(しん)淵(えん)に咲(さ)く花(はな) [The Flower That Blooms in the Abyss]”, in BOOSTER 2, Konami:
      光(ひかり)の届(とど)かない深(しん)淵(えん)にひっそりと咲(さ)く、あまり見(み)かけない花(はな)。
      Hikari no todokanai shin'en ni hissori to saku, amari mikakenai hana.
      A rarely seen flower that silently blooms in the depths of the abyss where the sun never shines.
    • 1999 July 5, “命(いのち)ある花(か)瓶(びん) [Living Vase]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
      生(い)けてある花(はな)から、花(か)粉(ふん)を飛(と)ばし噛(か)みついてくる生(い)きている花(か)瓶(びん)。
      Iketearu hana kara, kafun o tobashi kamitsuitekuru ikiteiru kabin.
      A living vase that bites and releases pollen from its living flowers.
    花(はな)が咲(さ)く頃(ごろ)
    hana ga saku goro
    when the flowers bloom
  2. Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
  3. Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
  4. the best days of one's life
  5. the best thing
  6. essence
Descendants
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
花
か
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Affix

花(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. flower
  2. red-light district

References


Kikai

Kanji

花

Readings

Etymology

Cognate to Japanese 花 (はな, hana).

Noun

花 (hiragana ふぁな, rōmaji fana)

  1. flower

References

  • “ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Korean

Hanja

花 (eumhun 꽃 화 (kkot hwa))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Kunigami

Kanji

花

Readings

Pronunciation

Noun

花 (hiragana ぱなー, rōmaji phanā)

  1. flower

Miyako

Kanji

花

Readings

Pronunciation

Noun

花 (hiragana ぱな, rōmaji pana)

  1. flower

Okinawan

Kanji

花

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
花
はな
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

花(はな) (hana) 

  1. (Shuri, Naha) flower

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
花
ふぁな
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Noun

花(ふぁな) (fana) 

  1. (Tancha) flower

References

  • “ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  • “ハナ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

Vietnamese

Han character

花: Hán Việt readings: hoa (呼(hô)瓜(qua)切(thiết))[1][2][3], huê[3]
花: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4], huê[1][3][4], oa[1], ba[2]

  1. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama

Kanji

花

Readings

Pronunciation

Noun

花 (hiragana ぱな, rōmaji pana)

  1. flower

Yonaguni

Kanji

花

Readings

Pronunciation

Noun

花 (hiragana はな, rōmaji hana)

  1. flower
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