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See also:
U+842C, 萬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-842C

[U+842B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+842D]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 140, +9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 44427, composition )

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1042, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3247, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+842C

Chinese

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trad.
simp. *
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.

Etymology

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“scorpion”
See (OC *m̥ʰraːds).
“religious dance; sorcery”
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (medicine). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk), Burmese မန်း (man:, utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil).
myriad; ten thousand”
Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious). Similar words are found in branches of Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bhuêng7 - Chaozhou;
  • bhuang7 - Shantou.
Note:
  • 3me - colloquial (only in 萬子);
  • 3ve - literary ("ten thousand", etc.).

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (66)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter mjonH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mʉɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /mʷiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /miuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /muanH/
    Li
    Rong
    /miuɐnH/
    Wang
    Li
    /mĭwɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /mi̯wɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    wàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    maan6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    wàn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ mjonH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.ma[n]-s/
    English 10000

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12633
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mlans/

    Definitions

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    1. (obsolete) Original form of (chài, “scorpion”).
    2. (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
    3. myriad, ten thousand, 10000
        ―  liǎng wàn yuán  ―  twenty thousand dollars
      一百一百  ―  yībǎi wàn  ―  one million
      同胞同胞  ―  wàn wàn tóngbāo  ―  four hundred million compatriots (the population of China from 1910s to 1940s)
        ―  wànsuì  ―  ten thousand years; hooray; long live
    4. (figurative) a great number; myriad; numerous
      眾一心众一心  ―  wànzhòngyīxīn  ―  all united
      排除排除  ―  páichúwànnán  ―  to remove all difficulties
    5. very; extremely; absolutely
      不得已不得已  ―  wànbùdéyǐ  ―  out of absolute necessity; with no other choice
    6. a surname

    See also

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    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫小写)
    , , , , ,
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
    百萬百万,
    (Philippines),
    面桶 (Philippines)
    亿 (Taiwan)
    萬億万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫大写)

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (まん) (man, ten thousand); (ばん) (ban)
    • Korean: 만(萬) (man, ten thousand)
    • Vietnamese: vạn (, ten thousand)

    Others:

    • Bouyei: faanh (ten thousand), Wanq (surname)
    • Proto-Hmong: *wi̯aŋꟲ (ten thousand)
    • Kavalan: ban (ten thousand)
    • Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, ten thousand; official rank)
    • Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, ten thousand; official rank)
    • Middle Korean: 즈믄 (cumun, thousand)
    • Middle Mongol: ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, ten thousand)
      • English: tumen (an army unit of 10,000 soldiers, among the ancient Mongols)
      • Khalkha Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠮᠡ (tüme) / түм (tüm)
      • Persian: تومان (tumân)
        • English: toman (former currency of Iran)
      • Russian: Тюмень (Tjumenʹ, Tyumen)
        • English: Tyumen (city in Russia)
    • Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, ten thousand)
    • Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, ten thousand; official rank)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: tmāṃ (ten thousand)
      • Tocharian B: t(u)māne (ten thousand, a myriad)
    • Proto-Tungusic:
    • Proto-Turkic: *tümen (ten thousand; an infinitely large number)
      • Turkish: tümen (ten thousand)
    • Vietnamese: muôn (𨷈, ten thousand; all, many), man (ten thousand)
    • Zhuang: fanh (ten thousand)

    References

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji

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    (Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. ten thousand

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    よろず
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi

    ⟨yo2ro2du⟩ → */jərədu//jorod͡zu//jorozu/

    From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). See for more senses.

    Proper noun

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    (よろず) (Yorozuよろづ (Yorodu)?

    1. a surname

    Proper noun

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    (よろづ) (Yorozu

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    ばん
    Jinmeiyō
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC mjonH). See for more senses.

    Proper noun

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    (ばん) (Ban

    1. a surname

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    まん
    Jinmeiyō
    on'yomi

    Likely a shift from ban above. See for more senses.

    Proper noun

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    (まん) (Man

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    References

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    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC mjonH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 먼〮 (Yale: mén)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 일〮만〯 (Yale: íl-mǎn) 만〯 (Yale: mǎn)

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (一萬) (ilman man))

    1. hanja form? of (ten thousand)
    2. hanja form? of (myriad)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Việt readings: vạn, muôn
    : Nôm readings: vạn, vàn, mại, vẹn, muôn

    Noun

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    1. chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (ten thousand).

    Compounds

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