賊
Translingual
Han character
賊 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月金戈十 (BCIJ), four-corner 63850, composition ⿰貝戎)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1208, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36759
- Dae Jaweon: page 1672, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3637, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8CCA
Chinese
| trad. | 賊 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 贼 | |
| alternative forms | 𧵪 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 賊 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zɯːɡ) : phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ) + semantic 戈 (“weapon”).
This was misinterpreted as a compound of 貝 (“money”) and 戎 (“weapon”) to produce the modern form.
Etymology
Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཇག (jag, “robbery”) (Coblin, 1986). Schuessler (2007) points out that a palatalized consonant in Tibetan does not usually correspond to an unpalatalized one in Chinese; instead, he compares it to Khmer ឆក់ (chɑk, “to snatch; to steal”).
Possibly cognate with 災 (OC *ʔslɯː, “natural disaster”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Based on evidence from early loans from Chinese, e.g. Lakkia kjak⁸ (“bandit”) and Rục kəcʌ́ːk (“bandit”), Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *k preinitial.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zui2 / ze2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зый (zɨy, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cet7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zei1
- Northern Min (KCR): chā̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): chĕk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5zeq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ce4 / zei6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄟˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zéi
- Wade–Giles: tsei2
- Yale: dzéi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeir
- Palladius: цзэй (czɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zé
- Wade–Giles: tsê2
- Yale: dzé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
- Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zui2 / ze2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zui / ze
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suei²¹/, /t͡sɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
Note:
- zui2 - vernacular;
- ze2 - literary.
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зый (zɨy, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sei²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caak6 / caak6-2
- Yale: chaahk / cháak
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaak9 / tsaak9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: cag6 / cag6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːk̚²/, /t͡sʰaːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰak̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cet7
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛt̚²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhe̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ced
- Hagfa Pinyim: ced6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰet̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zei1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sei¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chā̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che̍k
- Tâi-lô: tsi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: zek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍k
- Tâi-lô: tsia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚²⁴/
Note:
- chha̍t - vernacular;
- cha̍t - vernacular (limited to 墨賊);
- che̍k/chia̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsha̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰak̚⁴/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ce4 / zei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɤ̞⁴⁵/, /t͡se̞i̯²⁴/
- (Changsha)
Note:
- ce4 - vernacular;
- zei6 - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 賊 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sei³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡sei²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡sei⁴⁵/ /t͡sɤ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡sei⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡se⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡suei⁴²/ /t͡sei⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sei²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sɨ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡sei⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡sei⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡sei⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡suei³¹/ /t͡se³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡suei²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡sei³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡suəi²⁴/ /t͡səʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡se⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sei¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sɛ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ze²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰe²²/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰə¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sei²⁴/ /t͡sʰə⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sʰæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɛʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰet̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰet̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰak̚²/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰɐk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰak̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sik̚⁵/ /t͡sʰat̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɛiʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰak̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /sak̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzok
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.dzˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zɯːɡ/
Definitions
- † to damage; to corrupt; to ruin; to destroy
- † to harm; to injure
- † to slander
- † to murder
- † murderer
- † harm; disaster
- thief; bandit; robber (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
- villain; traitor
- † to steal
- evil; wicked; treacherous
- † to restrain
- † ruthless; vicious
- (colloquial, dialectal) cunning; wily; sly
- (dialectal) very; particularly; immensely; extremely
- † a kind of pest that eats the joints of a seedling
Usage notes
- Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian ((deprecated template usage) 《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation zé.
Synonyms
Descendants
Others:
- → Vietnamese: giặc
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Japanese
Kanji
賊
Readings
Compounds
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 賊 |
| ぞく Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 賊 (MC dzok).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
Derived terms
References
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 賊 (tặc, giặc)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms derived from Sino-Tibetan languages
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Dungan verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Gan verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Jin verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Sichuanese adverbs
- Dungan adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Taishanese adverbs
- Gan adverbs
- Hakka adverbs
- Jin adverbs
- Northern Min adverbs
- Eastern Min adverbs
- Hokkien adverbs
- Teochew adverbs
- Wu adverbs
- Xiang adverbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Chinese dialectal terms
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Japanese Han characters
- Common kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぞく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading そく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading そこ・なう
- Japanese terms spelled with 賊 read as ぞく
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 賊
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters