輸

See also: 输 and 輪

Translingual

Han character

輸 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一弓 (JJOMN), four-corner 5802₁, composition ⿰車俞(GHTJV or U+FAC2) or ⿰車兪(K or U+2F9DF))

Derived characters

• 𭌋, 瀭, 𪿐

Related characters

• 输 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1246, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38438
• Dae Jaweon: page 1723, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3546, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8F38

• Unihan data for U+FAC2

• Unihan data for U+2F9DF

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Chinese

trad.		輸
simp.		输
alternative forms		⿰车入 second round simplified ⿱亼𨊸／⿱亼䢁 ⿰車𬾮

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (俞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
褕	*low, *lo
偷	*l̥ʰoː
媮	*l̥ʰoː, *lo
鍮	*l̥ʰoː
緰	*l'oː, *slo
牏	*l'oː, *l'os, *lo
揄	*l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo
窬	*l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo
歈	*l'oː, *lo
俞	*l̥ʰus, *lo
隃	*slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo
毹	*sro
輸	*hljo, *hljos
鄃	*hljo, *lo
腧	*hljos
逾	*lo
榆	*lo
愉	*lo
渝	*lo
瑜	*lo
蕍	*lo
覦	*lo, *los
蝓	*lo
踰	*lo
崳	*lo
羭	*lo
堬	*lo
瘉	*lo, *loʔ
萮	*lo
騟	*lo
愈	*loʔ
貐	*loʔ
喻	*los
諭	*los

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljo, *hljos) : semantic 車 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shū (shu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фу (fu, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sû
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su

  (Teochew, Peng'im): su¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹sy

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shū
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shu
    • Wade–Giles: shu¹
    • Yale: shū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: syu¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: su´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /su²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: su¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: su
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹sy
    • MiniDict: sy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: syu, syuH

Rime
Character	輸	輸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	式朱切	傷遇切
Baxter	syu	syuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨo/	/ɕɨoH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕio/	/ɕioH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕio/	/ɕioH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuə̆/	/ɕuə̆H/
Li Rong	/ɕio/	/ɕioH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭu/	/ɕĭuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯u/	/ɕi̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shū	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu1	syu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥o/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljo/, /*hljos/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	輸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shū
Middle Chinese	‹ syu ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥o/
English	convey (v.); lose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	輸	輸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15847	15851
Phonetic component	俞	俞
Rime group	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	輸	戍
Old Chinese	/*hljo/	/*hljos/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 輸

1. to transport; to carry; to haul

   運輸費用／运输费用  ―  yùn shū fèiyòng  ―  transportation cost

   • 晉饑，秦輸之粟；秦饑，晉閉之糴，故秦伯伐晉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     晋饥，秦输之粟；秦饥，晋闭之籴，故秦伯伐晋。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jìn jī, qín shū zhī sù; qín jī, jìn bì zhī dí, gù qín bó fá jìn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. to lose; to be beaten; to be defeated

   Template:zh-syn

   Template:zh-ant

   輸給一個小孩／输给一个小孩  ―  shū gěi yīge xiǎohái  ―  to lose to a child

   輸畀個細路／输畀个细路 [Cantonese]  ―  syu¹ bei² go³ sai³ lou⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to lose to a child

   • 智者竭其智，勇者奮其勇，富者輸其財，舉國一致，眾志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     智者竭其智，勇者奋其勇，富者输其财，举国一致，众志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1915: (deprecated template usage) 李大釗 (Li Dazhao) (deprecated template usage) 《警告全國父老書》 (A Letter of Warning to All the Elders of the Country)

     Zhì zhě jié qí zhì, yǒng zhě fèn qí yǒng, fù zhě shū qí cái, jǔ guó yīzhì, zhòngzhìchéngchéng. [Pinyin]

     The wise exhaust their wisdom; the brave consume their bravery; the wealthy lose their wealth; [when] the entire country shares a common goal, the will of the masses forge a stronghold.

3. (literary) to donate; to contribute

   輸誠／输诚  ―  shū chéng  ―  to contribute/express sincerity

   輸財助邊／输财助边  ―  shū cái zhù biān  ―  to donate money for border defence

   • 大家牛車，小家擔負，輸租繈屬不絕，課更以最上。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     大家牛车，小家担负，输租襁属不绝，课更以最上。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Taiping Yulan (Readings of the Taiping Era), 977 – 983 CE

     Dàjiā niúchē, xiǎojiā dānfù, shū zū qiǎng shǔ bùjué, kè gèng yǐ zuìshàng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 侍郎宋德宜奏稱捐輸三載，所入二百餘萬，知縣最多，計五百餘人。 [MSC, trad.]
     侍郎宋德宜奏称捐输三载，所入二百余万，知县最多，计五百余人。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: (deprecated template usage) 《清稗類鈔·(deprecated template usage) 度支類·捐輸始於開國》 (Anthology of Petty Qing Matters)

     Shìláng Sòngdéyí zòu chēng juān shū sān zǎi, suǒ rù èrbǎi yú wàn, zhīxiàn zuìduō, jì wǔbǎi yú rén. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. a surname

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

輸

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to transport; to send
2. to be inferior to

Readings

• Go-on: す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅ (shu)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
• Kun: おくる (okuru, 輸る); いたす (itasu, 輸す)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
輸
ゆ Grade: 5
kan’yōon

From Middle Chinese 輸 (MC syuH).

Verb

輸(ゆ) • (yu) 

1. to transport; to send

Derived terms

Terms derived from 輸(ゆ) (yu)

• 密(みつ)輸(ゆ) (mitsuyu, “smuggling”)
• 禁輸(きんゆ) (kin'yu, “embargo”)
• 空輸(くうゆ) (kūyu, “air transport”)
• 輸(ゆ)入(にゅう) (yunyū, “import”)
• 輸(ゆ)出(しゅつ) (yushutsu, “export”)
• 輸(ゆ)液(えき) (yueki, “intravenous infusion”)
• 輸(ゆ)血(けつ) (yuketsu, “blood transfusion”)
• 輸卵管(ゆらんかん) (yurankan, “Fallopian tube”)
• 輸送(ゆそう) (yusō, “to transport”)
• 運輸(うんゆ) (un'yu, “transportation”)

 

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Korean

Hanja

輸 • (su) (hangeul 수)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

輸: Hán Việt readings: thâu
輸: Nôm readings: thua, thâu

1. Template:Nom form of