im

See also: Appendix:Variations of "im"

Translingual

Alternative forms

• (roman numeral): IM, CMXCIX, cmxcix

Symbol

im

1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing nine hundred ninety-nine (999).

See also

• Previous: iim (nine hundred and ninety-eight, 998)
• Next: m (one thousand, 1000)

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Albanian

Alternative forms

• (Gheg) jẽm [jɛ̃m]

Adjective

im m (feminine ime, m plural e mi, f plural e mia)

1. my

Declension

declension of im

	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
nominative	im	ime	e mi	e mia
accusative	tim	time	e mi	e mia
genitive/dative/ablative	tim	sime	të mi	të mia

There are also alternative forms which can be used before the noun (which will be in the indefinite state). These forms are restricted to personal relationships like family members, for example:

• im vëlla (“my brother”), ime motër (“my sister”)

These forms are limited to singulars.

pre-noun forms of im

		masculine	feminine
nominative		im	ime
accusative		tim	time
dative		tim	sime

See also

Albanian possessive adjectives and pronouns

		adjectives			pronouns
		singular	plural		singular	plural
1st person		im	ynë		imi	yni
2nd person		yt	juaj		yti	juaji
3rd person	m	i tij	i tyre		i tiji	i tyri
	f	i saj			i saji
3rd person reflexive		i vet			i veti

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Degenan

Noun

im

1. water

Further reading

• John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012)

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Dupaningan Agta

Conjunction

im

1. but
2. than (comparative marker)

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German

Etymology

Contraction.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪm/

• audio

  (file)

Contraction

im

1. Contraction of in dem; in the

Usage notes

• The contraction im is obligatory when the definite article has no deixis whatsoever. In this case it is ungrammatical to use in dem as separate words:

Wir sitzen im Garten. ― We're sitting in the garden.

Er arbeitet im technischen Bereich. ― He works in the technical field.

• On the other hand, im is usually not applicable when the definite article has an indicative function. This includes contexts in which English would use a demonstrative pronoun (“this” or “that”) but also some others. Particularly, in dem is used before a defining relative clause.

In dem Haus haben wir mal gewohnt. ― We used to live in that house [over there].

Mein Großvater starb in dem Haus, wo ich geboren wurde. ― My grandfather died in the house where I was born.

Declension

The preposition in can be used with both accusative and dative objects, but it only contracts with dem as im and with das as ins. Thus, the combination of in with the definite article has the following forms:

	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
accusative	in den	ins	in die	in die
dative	im	im	in der	in den

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Gothic

Romanization

im

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌼

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Irish

FWOTD – 27 January 2013

Etymology 1

From Old Irish imb, from Proto-Celtic *emban- (compare Welsh ymenyn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷen- (compare Latin unguen (“grease”), Old High German ancho (“butter”)).

Pronunciation

• (Waterford) IPA^(key): /aimʲ/
• (Cork, Kerry, Galway) IPA^(key): /iːmʲ/
• (Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɪmʲ/

im

Noun

im m (genitive singular ime, nominative plural imeanna)

1. butter
   • 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 197:

     Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.

     A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.

Declension

Declension of im

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative im imeanna Vocative a im a imeanna Genitive ime imeanna Dative im imeanna

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-im na himeanna Genitive an ime na n-imeanna Dative leis an im don im leis na himeanna

Derived terms

• saill ime (“butterfat”)
• uachtar ime (“buttercream”)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• im’

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪmˠ/

Contraction

im (triggers lenition)

1. (Munster) Contraction of i mo (“in my”).

   Chuireas an peann im phóca.

   I put the pen in my pocket.

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded*, det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod*, dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id*, it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led*, let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód*, ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Etymology 3

Preposition

im (plus dative, triggers lenition, does not mutate b, m, or p)

1. Alternative form of um

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
im	n-im	him	t-im
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) chapter IM, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “imb, imm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) chapter IM, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 394
• Entries containing “im” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “im” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

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Iu Mien

Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔim (“bitter”). Cognate with White Hmong iab.

Adjective

im 

1. bitter

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Jamaican Creole

Etymology

From English him.

Alternative forms

• him

Pronoun

im

1. he, him

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Kurdish

Verb

1. .

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Livonian

Alternative forms

• i'm

Etymology

From .

Noun

im

1. miracle

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Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [imʲ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jimʲ/
• Bender phonemes: {yim}

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• em
• -m

Conjunction

im

1. and

Etymology 2

Noun

im

1. a skirmish
2. a bout
3. a brawl
4. a duel
5. a riot
6. a hassle

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

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Middle English

Pronoun

im

1. Alternative form of him

References

• “him, (pron.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 6 May 2018.

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Nalca

Noun

im

1. sky
2. heaven

Derived terms

• Imik Neyung

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Nigerian Pidgin

Etymology

From English him.

Pronoun

im

1. he
2. his
3. she
4. it

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Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• imo

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

Pronoun

im

1. dative of sia: them

Declension

Old Saxon personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Singular	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	ik	thū	hē	siu	it
Accusative	mī, me, mik	thī, thik	ina	sia
Dative	mī	thī	imu	iru	it
Genitive	mīn	thīn	is	ira	is
Dual	1.	2.	-	-	-
Nominative	wit	git	-	-	-
Accusative	unk	ink	-	-	-
Dative
Genitive	unkero, unka	inker, inka	-	-	-
Plural	1.	2.	3. m	3. f	3. n
Nominative	wī, we	gī, ge	sia	sia	siu
Accusative	ūs, unsik	eu, iu, iuu
Dative	ūs		im
Genitive	ūser	euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera	iro

Descendants

• Middle Low German: one, gim, jum
  • German Low German: jüm, jem

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im/

Etymology 1

Pronoun

im

1. dative of oni

   Ktoś musiał im powiedzieć. ― Someone must have told them.

2. dative of one

See also

• Appendix:Polish pronouns

Etymology 2

Conjunction

im

1. Introduces a parallel, conditional or comparative statement, placed before the thing being compared to.

   im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more ..., the less ...

   Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better [the food] tastes.

Further reading

• Template:R:PWN

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Romanian

Etymology

From Latin līmus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ley- (“slime, slimy, sticky, slippery”).

Noun

im n (plural imuri)

1. (uncommon, regional) mud, dirt, filth

Synonyms

• noroi, murdărie, nămol

Related terms

• imos
• ima

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Scots

Pronoun

im

1. (South Scots, personal) him

Verb

im

1. (South Scots) First person singular simple present form of ti be

See also

• ir
• um
• is

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /im/

Pronoun

im (Cyrillic spelling им)

1. to them (clitic dative plural of ȏn (“he”))
2. to them (clitic dative plural of òno (“it”))
3. to them (clitic dative plural of òna (“she”))
4. (clitic, emphatic, possessive, dative) their, of theirs

   Gdje im je auto?

   Where is their car?

Declension

    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga, ga	njȇ, je	njȅga, ga	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
dative	njȅmu, mu	njȏj, joj	njȅmu, mu	njȉma, im	njȉma, im	njȉma, im
accusative	njȅga, ga, nj	njȗ, ju, je	njȅga, ga, nj	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	njȅm, njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm, njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm, njíme	njȏm, njóme	njȋm, njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

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Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔim˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔim˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔim˧˧]

Adjective

im • (㛪, 厭, 奄, 庵, 淹)

1. calm; silent; quiet

Derived terms

Derived terms

• im ắng (từ láy)
• im lặng

 

Verb

im • (㛪, 厭, 奄, 庵, 淹)

1. to be quiet; to not talk anymore

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Welsh

Alternative forms

• imi, i mi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪm/

Pronoun

im

1. (literary) first-person singular of i