應

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See also: 应 and 応
應 U+61C9, 應
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C9
← 懈
[U+61C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 懊 →
[U+61CA]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 應
Shinjitai 応
Simplified 应

Han character[edit]

應 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈人土心 (IOGP) or 戈土心 (IGP), four-corner 00231, composition ⿸䧹心)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 746, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2359, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+61C9

Chinese[edit]

trad. 應
simp. 应
alternative forms
 
譍 “to answer”
噟 “to answer”
応
𢈀
𢇭
譍 “to answer”
噟 “to answer”
応
𢈀
𢇭
𠩍
𤻮
𧭭
𡄖

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
應 *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs
鷹 *qɯŋ
膺 *qɯŋ
譍 *qɯŋs
噟 *qɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • êng3 - literary;
  • ing3 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 應 (應該)
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /iŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iŋ²¹/
Jinan /iŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /iŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /iŋ²¹/
Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /in³⁵/
Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
Guiyang /in²¹³/
Kunming /ĩ¹/
Nanjing /in³¹/
Hefei /in²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /iɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /in⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /in⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ⁵³/
Nanning /jeŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /eiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /eŋ²³/
Rime
Character 應
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於陵切
Baxter 'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 應
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔing ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[q](r)əŋ/
English ought

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 應
Reading # 1/2
No. 15346
Phonetic
component 		鷹
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		膺
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯŋ/

Definitions[edit]

應

  1. should; ought to
    應得／应得  ―  yīngdé  ―  due; well deserved
    理應如此／理应如此  ―  lǐyīng rúcǐ  ―  it should be this way
    如遇此類情況，應予以拒絕。 [MSC, trad.]
    如遇此类情况，应予以拒绝。 [MSC, simp.]
    Rú yù cǐ lèi qíngkuàng, yīng yǔyǐ jùjué. [Pinyin]
    If you encounter this type of situation, you should reject it.
  2. to consent to; to agree
  3. (literary) perhaps; maybe
Synonyms[edit]
  • (ought to):
  • (to consent):
Antonyms[edit]
  • (antonym(s) of "to consent"):

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • en - colloquial ("to reply");
  • yin - literary ("to agree, to handle");
  • yín - colloquial ("to promise").
Note:
  • ìn - vernacular;
  • èng - literary;
  • eng - surname.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 應 (應對)
Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /iŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁵³/
Jinan /iŋ²¹/
Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /iŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /iə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /iŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /iŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /in³⁵/
Chengdu /in¹³/
Guiyang /in²¹³/
Kunming /ĩ²¹²/
Nanjing /in⁴⁴/
Hefei /in⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /iŋ³⁵/
/i³⁵/ 答～
Hohhot /ĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /iŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /in⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /j̠aŋ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /in⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /in⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /in⁴⁵/ ～付
/ŋiɛn⁴⁵/ ～一聲
Hakka Meixian /in⁵³/
Taoyuan /in⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ³³/
Nanning /jeŋ³³/
Hong Kong /jiŋ³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iŋ²¹/
/in²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ɛiŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /eŋ³⁵/
/in³⁵/
Rime
Character 應
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於證切
Baxter 'ingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiŋH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiəŋH/
Wang
Li 		/ĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 應
Reading # 2/2
No. 15349
Phonetic
component 		鷹
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		應
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯŋs/

Definitions[edit]

應

  1. to answer; to reply
    回應／回应  ―  huíyìng  ―  to respond
    十問九唔應／十问九唔应 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 man6 gau2 m4 jing3 [Jyutping]  ―  to be not responsive
  2. to permit; to promise
    有求必應／有求必应  ―  yǒuqiúbìyìng  ―  to grant whatever is requested
  3. to agree; to echo; to go along with
  4. to handle; to deal with
    應急／应急  ―  yìngjí  ―  to deal with an emergency
  5. (of words, etc.) to come true; to be confirmed
    應驗／应验  ―  yìngyàn  ―  to be confirmed
  6. to suit; to fit
    應時／应时  ―  yìngshí  ―  seasonable
  7. to accept
    應約／应约  ―  yìngyuē  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  8. (Cantonese) impactful
  9. (Cantonese) exact
  10. 41st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "response" (𝌮)
  11. (～縣) Ying County (a county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China)
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to promise):
Descendants[edit]
Sino-Xenic (應):
  • → Japanese: 応(おう) (ō)
  • → Vietnamese: ứng (應)

Others:

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Wikipedia has articles on:

Definitions[edit]

應

  1. a surname
Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

応

Kyūjitai

應

Kanji[edit]

應

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 応)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 応

Readings[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Kanji in this term
應
おう
Jinmeiyō
goon
For pronunciation and definitions of 應 – see the following entry.
【応】5
[kanji] Grade 5 kanji
(This term, 應, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 應 (MC 'ingH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᇰ〮 (Yale: qúng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄃᆡ답 응 Recorded as Middle Korean 응 (ung) (Yale: ung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯ(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [응(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

應 (eumhun 응할 응 (eunghal eung))

  1. Hanja form? of 응 (“to answer; to respond”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 應 (MC 'ing).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᇰ (Yale: qung) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 일뎡 응[1] Recorded as Middle Korean 응 (ung) (Yale: ung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
  1. ^ 平聲

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯ(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [응(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

應 (eumhun 응당(應當) 응 (eungdang( 應當 ) eung))

  1. Hanja form? of 응 (“should; ought to”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

應: Hán Nôm readings: ứng, ưng, ừng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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