精
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
精 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 910, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7CBE
Chinese
trad. | 精 | |
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simp. # | 精 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zing1 / zeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn
- Northern Min (KCR): céng
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng / ciăng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1jin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zing1 / zeng1
- Yale: jīng / jēng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing1 / dzeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: jing1 / zéng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- zing1 - literary;
- zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn
- Hakka Romanization System: jinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: jin1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: céng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng / ciăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- cĭng - literary;
- ciăng - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng / chiaⁿ / chiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tsing / tsiann / tsinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng, cviaf, cvy
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siã⁴⁴/, /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³/, /t͡siã³³/, /t͡sĩ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siã⁴⁴/, /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siã⁴⁴/, /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡siã⁴⁴/, /t͡sĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- cheng - literary;
- chiaⁿ, chiⁿ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêng1 / zian1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng / tsiaⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seŋ³³/, /t͡sĩã³³/
- zêng1 - literary;
- zian1 - vernacular (“demon; lean”).
- Middle Chinese: tsjeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ/
Definitions
- polished rice
- essence; energy
- spirit; energy; vigour
- seminal fluid; semen
- spirit; soul
- essence; concentrate
- demon; goblin
- (dialectal, of meat) lean
- fine; refined
- pure; unmixed
- concentrated; sincere
- clear; bright
- exquisite; profound
- extremely; very
- to be proficient; to be expert at
- to expose; to be bare
- smart; clever
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 睛
- (~母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡒ (dz-)
Synonyms
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
- Wade–Giles: ching4
- Yale: jìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: tsjengH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋs/
Definitions
- ‡ strong
Pronunciation 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine; cloudless”). (This character is a variant form of 晴). |
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: くわしい (kuwashii, 精しい); しらげる (shirageru, 精げる)
- Nanori: きよ (kiyo)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
精 |
せい Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.
Pronunciation
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Adjective
精 • (sei) -na (adnominal 精な (sei na), adverbial 精に (sei ni))
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 精だろ | せいだろ | sei daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 精で | せいで | sei de |
Terminal (終止形) | 精だ | せいだ | sei da |
Attributive (連体形) | 精な | せいな | sei na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 精なら | せいなら | sei nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 精であれ | せいであれ | sei de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 精ではない 精じゃない |
せいではない せいじゃない |
sei de wa nai sei ja nai |
Informal past | 精だった | せいだった | sei datta |
Informal negative past | 精ではなかった 精じゃなかった |
せいではなかった せいじゃなかった |
sei de wa nakatta sei ja nakatta |
Formal | 精です | せいです | sei desu |
Formal negative | 精ではありません 精じゃありません |
せいではありません せいじゃありません |
sei de wa arimasen sei ja arimasen |
Formal past | 精でした | せいでした | sei deshita |
Formal negative past | 精ではありませんでした 精じゃありませんでした |
せいではありませんでした せいじゃありませんでした |
sei de wa arimasen deshita sei ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 精で | せいで | sei de |
Conditional | 精なら(ば) | せいなら(ば) | sei nara (ba) |
Provisional | 精だったら | せいだったら | sei dattara |
Volitional | 精だろう | せいだろう | sei darō |
Adverbial | 精に | せいに | sei ni |
Degree | 精さ | せいさ | seisa |
Noun
- polishing, refining
- care, conscientiousness
- something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
- vim and vigor, energy in doing things
- life force, vitality, the energy of living
- one's emotions, mind, or soul
- the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
- semen
Synonyms
- (polishing): 研磨 (kenma)
- (refining): 精製 (seisei)
- (polished rice): 精米 (seimai); 白米 (hakumai)
- (care): 念入り (nen'iri)
- (vim): 元気 (genki)
- (vigor): 精力 (seiryoku)
- (emotions): 心 (kokoro)
- (mind): 精神 (seishin)
- (soul): 魂 (tamashī)
- (spirit): 精霊 (seirei)
- (sprite): 妖精 (yōsei)
- (semen): 精液 (seieki)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
精 |
しらげ Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.
Pronunciation
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Noun
Synonyms
References
Korean
Hanja
精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 精 (tinh, tênh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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