干
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Translingual
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Han character
干 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一十 (MJ), four-corner 10400, composition ⿱一十)
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №47
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/干
- 仠, 𭆺, 奸, 𡯋, 屽, 𢁗, 㢨, 忓, 扞, 汗, 犴, 𨸗, 迀, 旰, 杆, 㶥, 㸩, 𭕍, 玕, 肝, 𤮽, 𤰟, 𤽂, 皯, 盰, 矸, 𥘏, 秆, 衦, 𥾍, 𦏹, 虷, 姧, 訐(讦), 豻, 赶, 𧿂, 軒(轩), 酐, 𭀧, 𡱭, 釬(𬬧), 𩈅, 靬, 𩎒(𬰱), 飦(𫗞), 𭒋, 馯(𫘛), 骭, 𩵟, 𩾝, 𪌃, 䵟, 𪔆, 𬏎, 鼾, 𪗙
- 刊, 邗, 攼, 𤿊, 𧰪, 䧲, 頇(顸), 鳱, 𪚒, 𪚟, 𫢉, 𠣍, 厈, 𡵃, 𢇛, 芉, 旱, 𣬂, 𤰠, 𤴲, 癷, 𥝝, 𥤱, 𢦡, 䍐, 䍑, 𦉻, 竿, 罕, 閈(闬), 𩂀, 𫹯, 㶣, 𤮻, 㿻, 𭅖, 衎, 哶, 𢒑, 䖫, 𢿂
Related characters
- 乾, 幹 (Traditional forms of 干)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 339, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9165
- Dae Jaweon: page 645, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 405, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5E72
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 干 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
肝 | *kaːn |
竿 | *kaːn |
干 | *kaːn |
奸 | *kaːn |
玕 | *kaːn |
汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
迀 | *kaːn |
忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
鳱 | *kaːn |
邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
秆 | *kaːnʔ |
矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
仠 | *kaːnʔ |
皯 | *kaːnʔ |
衦 | *kaːnʔ |
簳 | *kaːnʔ |
擀 | *kaːnʔ |
旰 | *kaːns |
盰 | *kaːns |
幹 | *kaːns |
杆 | *kaːns |
骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
桿 | *kaːnʔ |
趕 | *kaːnʔ |
稈 | *kaːnʔ |
刊 | *kʰaːn |
靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn |
頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
虷 | *ɡaːn |
旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
釬 | *ɡaːns |
扞 | *ɡaːns |
閈 | *ɡaːns |
馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
悍 | *ɡaːns |
銲 | *ɡaːns |
垾 | *ɡaːns |
駻 | *ɡaːns |
睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
娨 | *ɡraːns |
飦 | *kan |
赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
軒 | *qʰan |
蓒 | *qʰan |
酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – a pestle or a weapon, since it can mean "shield" (午, which is similar, is a pestle).
Also borrowed phonetically as a simplification of 乾 (dry) and 幹.
Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 乾 (“dry; moistureless; waterless; arid; to dry; to exhaust; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 乾). |
Notes:
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Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 幹 (“main part of something; body; trunk; to do; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 幹). |
Notes:
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Etymology 3
simp. and trad. |
干 | |
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alternative forms | 𬼽 |
Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 扞 (OC *ɡaːns, “to shield; to protect”), 閈 (OC *ɡaːns, “gate”). Compare Tibetan འགལ ('gal, “to go against, to violate, to contradict”), Burmese ကာ (ka, “shield; to shield; to block”).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gon1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kôn
- Jin (Wiktionary): gan1
- Northern Min (KCR): gúing
- Eastern Min (BUC): găng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1koe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gan
- Wade–Giles: kan1
- Yale: gān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
- Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gon1
- Yale: gōn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gon1
- Guangdong Romanization: gon1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn
- Hakka Romanization System: gonˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gon1
- Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gúing
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kan
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤar/, /*kˤa[r]/, /*kˤar/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːn/
Definitions
- to concern; to be implicated in; implication
- † a shield
- 形天與帝至此(奇肱之國)爭神,帝斷其首,葬之長羊之山。乃以乳為目,以臍為口,操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Mountains and Seas
- Xíngtiān yǔ dì zhì cǐ (jī gōng zhī guó) zhēng shén, dì duàn qí shǒu, zàng zhī chángyáng zhī shān. Nǎi yǐ rǔ wéi mù, yǐ qí wéi kǒu, cāo gān qī yǐ wǔ. [Pinyin]
- When Xingtian fought with the Supreme Deity there (the land of people with odd/uneven upper-arms), the Supreme Deity decapitated him and buried his head at Changyang Mountain. [But Xingtian's] nipples became his eyes, his belly button became his mouth and the thrusting of his shield and battle-axe became his dance.
形天与帝至此(奇肱之国)争神,帝断其首,葬之长羊之山。乃以乳为目,以脐为口,操干戚以舞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † to request; to ask
- † to offend; to encroach on
- † to interfere; to intervene
- † bank; edge of water bodies
- 8th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "opposition" (𝌍)
- Short for 天干 (tiāngān, “heavenly stem”).
- group (of people)
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 乾/干 (gān, “dry”).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 澗/涧 (jiàn, “brook; stream”).
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 矸 (gān, “rock”).
- a surname
- (Mainland China Hokkien) in vain; for nothing
Synonyms
- (in vain): 白 (bái)
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gàn
- Wade–Giles: kan4
- Yale: gàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
- Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
Descendants
Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 豻 (“a kind of wild dog from northern China, resembling a fox with a black snout; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 豻). |
Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 贛 (“Gan River; Jiangxi, a province of China.; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 贛). |
Notes:
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: ほす (hosu, 干す, Jōyō)、ひる (hiru, 干る, Jōyō)、たて (tate, 干)、おかす (okasu, 干す)
Compounds
- 干城 (tateki)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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干 |
かん Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 干 (MC kan).
Pronunciation
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Affix
Derived terms
- shield
- 干戈 (kanka)
- interfere, invade
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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干 |
かん Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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旱 |
Pronunciation
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Affix
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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干 |
ひ Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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乾 |
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (prefixed to nouns) dry
Derived terms
- 干物 (himono)
References
Korean
Hanja
Okinawan
Kanji
Readings
Vietnamese
Han character
干: Hán Việt readings: can
干: Nôm readings: can, càn, cán, cơn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading ひ・る
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading おか・す
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