令
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 令 |
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Simplified | 令 |
Japanese | 令 |
Korean | 令 |
Han character
[edit]令 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI), four-corner 80307, composition ⿱亽龴(G) or ⿱亼龴(HTV) or ⿱亼𰆊(JK))
Derived characters
[edit]Stroke order | |||
Traditional or simplified![]() Japanese or Korean ![]() |
- 伶, 冷, 呤, 坽, 姈, 岭, 泠, 彾, 駖, 怜, 炩, 拎, 昤, 朎, 柃, 玲, 𪽏, 𫤚, 𪾧, 𠄖, 砱, 羚, 狑, 紷, 聆, 蛉, 軨(𫐉), 鈴(铃), 魿, 竛, 齡(齢/龄), 刢, 𬾂, 瓴, 翎, 領(领), 鴒(鸰), 𬹴, 邻, 㡵, 命, 𩇙, 岺, 苓, 笭, 閝(𫠂), 零, 𩆖, 囹
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
- Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 111, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4EE4
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 令 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 令 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 令 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 亼 + 卩.
Etymology 1
[edit]Usually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lin5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ling3
- Northern Min (KCR): lēng
- Eastern Min (BUC): lêng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nin4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
- Sinological IPA (key): /nin²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling6
- Yale: lihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling6
- Guangdong Romanization: ling6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: len5
- Sinological IPA (key): /len³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lin5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lin¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lin
- Hakka Romanization System: lin
- Hagfa Pinyim: lin4
- Sinological IPA: /lin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ling3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /leiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: lin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lin⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 令 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /liŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /liŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /liŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /liŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /liŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /liŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /liə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /liŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /lĩn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /liŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /nin³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /nin¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /nin²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /lĩ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /lin⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /lin⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /liəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /liŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /lĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /liŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /lin³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /lin¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /leŋ²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /liʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /lɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /lin⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /nin⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /lin²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /lin⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /lin⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /leŋ²²/ |
Nanning | /leŋ²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /liŋ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liŋ³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lɛiŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /leiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /leŋ³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /leŋ³³/ 使~(俗) |
- Middle Chinese: ljeng, ljengH, lengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*riŋ/, /*riŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reŋ/, /*reŋs/, /*reːŋs/
Definitions
[edit]令
- to order; to command
- order; command; directive
- to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow
- 令人 ― lìngrén ― to make someone (do something); to make people [+ adjective]
- (historical) governor; magistrate (official title)
- (literary, or in compounds) good; excellent
- 于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū
- Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng. [Pinyin]
- It was in new spring, in a fair month,
When the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.
Plum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white
And the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.
于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。 [MSC, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) time; season
- (literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game
- (respectful) your
- (poetry) Short for 小令 (“ditty”).
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (to order):
- (order):
- (drinker's wager game): 酒令 (jiǔlìng)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: líng
- Wade–Giles: ling2
- Yale: líng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling4
- Yale: lìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling4
- Guangdong Romanization: ling4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: leng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]令
- Used in 令狐 (Línghú).
- † Used in 令利.
- † Used in 令俜.
- † Used in 令星.
- † Used in 脊令.
- † Original form of 瓴 (líng).
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
- Wade–Giles: ling3
- Yale: lǐng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
- Wade–Giles: ling4
- Yale: lìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Yale: līng / līm / líhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Guangdong Romanization: ling1 / lim1 / ling5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ⁵⁵/, /liːm⁵⁵/, /lɪŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: len2
- Sinological IPA (key): /len⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]令
- Classifier for reams of paper.
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lián
- Wade–Giles: lien2
- Yale: lyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
- Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: ljen
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ren/
Definitions
[edit]令
Etymology 5
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 令 – see 齡 (“age; length of time; duration; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 齡). |
Notes:
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Compounds
[edit]- 一令
- 一聲令下/一声令下
- 下令 (xiàlìng)
- 三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
- 下逐客令
- 不令
- 中書令/中书令
- 京畿令
- 令尹 (lìngyǐn)
- 令人 (lìngrén)
- 令人不齒/令人不齿
- 令人切齒/令人切齿
- 令人心寒
- 令人意外
- 令人扼腕
- 令人捧腹
- 令人激賞/令人激赏
- 令人矚目/令人瞩目
- 令人神往
- 令人絕倒/令人绝倒
- 令人髮指/令人发指 (lìngrénfàzhǐ)
- 令人齒冷/令人齿冷
- 令兄 (lìngxiōng)
- 令公
- 令典
- 令出如山
- 令出必行
- 令出惟行
- 令史 (lìngshǐ)
- 令名 (lìngmíng)
- 令君
- 令嗣
- 令器
- 令坦
- 令堂 (lìngtáng)
- 令士
- 令妹 (lìngmèi)
- 令姊
- 令妻
- 令媛 (lìngyuàn)
- 令婿
- 令嬡/令嫒 (lìng'ài)
- 令子
- 令字旗
- 令官
- 令尊 (lìngzūn)
- 令尊大人
- 令岳
- 令弟 (lìngdì)
- 令德
- 令愛/令爱 (lìng'ài)
- 令慈
- 令旗
- 令日
- 令旨
- 令月 (lìngyuè)
- 令望
- 令正
- 令母
- 令牌 (lìngpái)
- 令狐
- 令甲
- 令節/令节
- 令箭 (lìngjiàn)
- 令箭荷花
- 令終/令终
- 令翠
- 令聞/令闻 (lìngwén)
- 令舅
- 令色 (lìngsè)
- 令行禁止 (lìngxíngjìnzhǐ)
- 令親/令亲 (lìngqīn)
- 令譽/令誉
- 令辰
- 令郎 (lìngláng)
- 令閣/令阁
- 令閫/令阃
- 使令 (shǐlìng)
- 來令片/来令片
- 借令
- 傳令/传令 (chuánlìng)
- 傳令兵/传令兵
- 先令 (xiānlìng)
- 光桿司令/光杆司令
- 冬令 (dōnglìng)
- 冬令進補/冬令进补
- 利令智昏 (lìlìngzhìhūn)
- 功令
- 劭令
- 勒令 (lèlìng)
- 動員令/动员令 (dòngyuánlìng)
- 即令 (jílìng)
- 口令 (kǒulìng)
- 司令 (sīlìng)
- 司令官 (sīlìngguān)
- 司令臺/司令台
- 司令部 (sīlìngbù)
- 召集令
- 吃口令
- 命令 (mìnglìng)
- 命令主義/命令主义 (mìnglìngzhǔyì)
- 命令句 (mìnglìngjù)
- 喝令 (hèlìng)
- 喊口令
- 善始令終/善始令终
- 園令/园令
- 夏令 (xiàlìng)
- 夏令時間/夏令时间
- 夏令營/夏令营 (xiàlìngyíng)
- 外交詞令/外交词令
- 外交辭令/外交辞令
- 大令
- 太史令 (tàishǐ lìng)
- 奉令
- 奉令承教
- 如律令
- 媽媽令兒/妈妈令儿
- 密令 (mìlìng)
- 將令/将令 (jiànglìng)
- 小令
- 尚書令/尚书令 (shàngshūlìng)
- 就令
- 屬令/属令
- 巧言令色 (qiǎoyánlìngsè)
- 巽令
- 帥令/帅令
- 廟令/庙令
- 律令 (lǜlìng)
- 得令 (délìng)
- 從令如流/从令如流
- 急令 (jílìng)
- 急口令 (jíkǒulìng)
- 慾令智昏/欲令智昏 (yùlìngzhìhūn)
- 憲令/宪令
- 應時當令/应时当令
- 戒嚴令/戒严令 (jièyánlìng)
- 手令 (shǒulìng)
- 打令 (dǎlìng)
- 抱令守律
- 拗口令 (àokǒulìng)
- 指令 (zhǐlìng)
- 挾主行令/挟主行令
- 支付命令
- 政令 (zhènglìng)
- 政令不一
- 敕令 (chìlìng)
- 教令
- 施令
- 明令 (mínglìng)
- 明法審令/明法审令
- 春令 (chūnlìng)
- 時令/时令
- 時令病/时令病 (shílìngbìng)
- 月令
- 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
- 朝令暮改
- 油令
- 法令 (fǎlìng)
- 火牌令箭
- 特令 (tèlìng)
- 特赦令
- 生申令日
- 申令 (shēnlìng)
- 當令/当令 (dānglìng)
- 當時得令/当时得令
- 發令槍/发令枪
- 發號令/发号令
- 發號出令/发号出令
- 發號布令/发号布令
- 發號施令/发号施令 (fāhàoshīlìng)
- 白令
- 白令海 (Báilìng Hǎi)
- 白令海峽/白令海峡 (Báilìng Hǎixiá)
- 盧令/卢令
- 目使頤令/目使颐令
- 省令
- 禁令 (jìnlìng)
- 禁制令 (jìnzhìlìng)
- 秋令
- 科令
- 稟令/禀令
- 節令/节令 (jiélìng)
- 緊急命令/紧急命令
- 縣令/县令
- 縱令/纵令 (zònglìng)
- 總司令/总司令 (zǒngsīlìng)
- 繞口令/绕口令 (ràokǒulìng)
- 纏令/缠令
- 老令婆
- 考工令
- 耍令
- 聽令/听令 (tīnglìng)
- 脊令在原
- 荀令香
- 薙髮令/剃发令
- 蘭臺令史/兰台令史
- 號令/号令 (hàolìng)
- 號令如山/号令如山
- 號令森嚴/号令森严
- 行令 (xínglìng)
- 行政命令 (xíngzhèng mìnglìng)
- 行酒令 (xíng jiǔlìng)
- 觥令
- 討令/讨令
- 訓令/训令 (xùnlìng)
- 詞令/词令
- 詔令/诏令 (zhàolìng)
- 調令/调令 (diàolìng)
- 諂詞令色/谄词令色
- 諭令/谕令 (yùlìng)
- 貳令/贰令
- 趙令畤/赵令畤
- 軍令/军令 (jūnlìng)
- 軍令如山/军令如山 (jūnlìngrúshān)
- 軍令狀/军令状 (jūnlìngzhuàng)
- 辭令/辞令 (cílìng)
- 迫令
- 通令 (tōnglìng)
- 逐客令
- 通緝令/通缉令 (tōngjīlìng)
- 違令/违令 (wéilìng)
- 達令/达令 (dálìng)
- 郭令公
- 酒令 (jiǔlìng)
- 鈞令/钧令
- 閫令/阃令
- 關令/关令
- 限令 (xiànlìng)
- 陰令/阴令
- 雜板令/杂板令
- 電腦指令/电脑指令
- 飭令/饬令 (chìlìng)
- 鮑令暉/鲍令晖
- 點召令/点召令
- 鼓令
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: りょう (ryō)←りやう (ryau, historical)
- Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
- Kun: しむ (shimu, 令む)
- Nanori: おさ (osa)←をさ (wosa, historical); なり (nari); のり (nori); はる (haru); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
[edit]- 令旨 (ryōji)
- 令外 (ryōge)
- 令月 (reigetsu)
- 令兄 (reikei)
- 令閨 (reikei)
- 令史 (reishi)
- 令室 (reishitsu)
- 令状 (reijō)
- 令嬢 (reijō)
- 令色 (reishoku)
- 令息 (reisoku)
- 令夫人 (reifujin)
- 令名 (reimei)
- 禁令 (kinrei)
- 訓令 (kunrei)
- 号令 (gōrei)
- 司令 (shirei)
- 指令 (shirei)
- 辞令 (jirei)
- 条令 (jōrei)
- 勅令 (chokurei)
- 伝令 (denrei)
- 発令 (hatsurei)
- 布令 (furei)
- 法令 (hōrei)
- 命令 (meirei)
- 律令 (ritsuryō)
- 御布令 (ofure)
- 県令 (kenrei)
- 令史 (sakan)
- 仮令, 縦令 (tatoi), 仮令, 縦令 (tatoe)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
令 |
れい Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng), 令 (MC ljengH), or 令 (MC lengH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- an order, command, decree
- (historical) in ancient China, a regional governor or magistrate
- (historical) in the early Meiji period, the forerunner of a 知事 (chiji, “prefectural governor”)
- (historical) in the Kamakura period, the vice-minister of the 政所 (mandokoro, “office of financial affairs”)
- (historical) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.- Synonym: 坊令 (bōrei)
- (rare, law, historical) an administrative and civil code developed during the Qin dynasty that was, alongside the 律 (ritsu), spread throughout East Asia especially Japan where it was further revised into the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system
Affix
[edit]- act, law, ordinance, rule
- law, ordinance, regulation
- (historical) high-ranking official or magistrate
- (obsolete) admonition, teaching
- (rare) beautiful, excellent, fine, good
- honorific prefix added before a term of kinship to show respect to someone else's relative
Derived terms
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
令 |
りょう Grade: 4 |
goon |
/rjau/ → /rjɔː/ → /rjoː/
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng), 令 (MC ljengH), or 令 (MC lengH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (law, historical) an administrative and civil code developed during the Qin dynasty that was, alongside the 律 (ritsu), spread throughout East Asia especially Japan where it was further revised into the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system
Derived terms
[edit]- 令義解 (Ryō no Gige)
Affix
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- “to cause; to order; etc.”
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljeng).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 려ᇰ (Yale: lyeng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 령 (lyeng)訓 (Yale: lyeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
- “an order; a command”
From Middle Chinese 令 (MC ljengH).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 려ᇰ〮 (Yale: lyéng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 러ᇰ〮 (léng)訓 (Yale: léng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 령 ( lyeng)訓 (Yale: lyeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (initial position)
- (an order; to cause; to order; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [영]
- (in 영감 (令監, yeonggam)):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jɘ(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [영(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
- (an order; to cause; to order; etc.):
- (non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾjʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [령]
Hanja
[edit]令 (eumhun 하여금 령 (hayeogeum ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 하여금 영 (hayeogeum yeong))
- hanja form? of 령/영 (“an order; a command”)
- hanja form? of 령/영 (“to cause; to allow”)
- hanja form? of 령/영 (“to order; to command”)
Compounds
[edit]- 명령 (命令, myeongnyeong, “order”)
- 영장 (令狀, yeongjang)
- 설령 (設令, seollyeong)
- 법령 (法令, beomnyeong)
- 시령 (時令, siryeong)
- 전령 (傳令, jeollyeong)
- 가령 (假令, garyeong)
- 호령 (號令, horyeong)
- 지령 (指令, jiryeong)
- 타령 (打令, taryeong)
- 영감 (令監, yeonggam)
- 발령 (發令, ballyeong)
- 칙령 (勅令, chingnyeong)
- 훈령 (訓令, hullyeong)
- 대령 (待令, daeryeong)
- 구령 (口令, guryeong)
- 영명 (令名, yeongmyeong)
- 영인 (令人, yeong'in)
- 각령 (閣令, gangnyeong)
- 교령 (敎令, gyoryeong)
- 율령 (律令, yullyeong)
- 군령 (軍令, gullyeong)
- 동령 (動令, dongnyeong)
- 정령 (政令, jeongnyeong)
- 영달 (令達, yeongdal)
- 금령 (禁令, geumnyeong)
- 영애 (令愛, yeong'ae)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]令: Hán Nôm readings: lệnh, linh, lanh, lành, lênh, lình, liệng, lịnh, loanh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
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- Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading をさ
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