輸
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]輸 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一弓 (JJOMN), four-corner 58021, composition ⿰車俞(GHTJV or U+FAC2
) or ⿰車兪(K or U+2F9DF
))
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1246, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38438
- Dae Jaweon: page 1723, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3546, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8F38
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
褕 | *low, *lo |
偷 | *l̥ʰoː |
媮 | *l̥ʰoː, *lo |
鍮 | *l̥ʰoː |
緰 | *l'oː, *slo |
牏 | *l'oː, *l'os, *lo |
揄 | *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo |
窬 | *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo |
歈 | *l'oː, *lo |
俞 | *l̥ʰus, *lo |
隃 | *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo |
毹 | *sro |
輸 | *hljo, *hljos |
鄃 | *hljo, *lo |
腧 | *hljos |
逾 | *lo |
榆 | *lo |
愉 | *lo |
渝 | *lo |
瑜 | *lo |
蕍 | *lo |
覦 | *lo, *los |
蝓 | *lo |
踰 | *lo |
崳 | *lo |
羭 | *lo |
堬 | *lo |
瘉 | *lo, *loʔ |
萮 | *lo |
騟 | *lo |
愈 | *loʔ |
貐 | *loʔ |
喻 | *los |
諭 | *los |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *hljo, *hljos) : semantic 車 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]trad. | 輸 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 输 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰹰 | |
alternative forms | ⿱亼𨊸/⿱亼䢁 ⿰車𬾮 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shu
- Wade–Giles: shu1
- Yale: shū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shu
- Palladius: шу (šu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фу (fu, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fou²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syu1
- Yale: syū
- Cantonese Pinyin: sy1
- Guangdong Romanization: xu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /syː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû
- Hakka Romanization System: suˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: su1
- Sinological IPA: /su²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: syu
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥o/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljo/
Definitions
[edit]輸
- to transport; to carry; to haul
- to lose; to be beaten; to be defeated
- Synonym: 敗/败 (bài)
- Antonym: 贏/赢 (yíng)
- 輸給一個小孩/输给一个小孩 ― shū gěi yīge xiǎohái ― to lose to a child
- 輸畀個細路/输畀个细路 [Cantonese] ― syu1 bei2 go3 sai3 lou6 [Jyutping] ― to lose to a child
- 智者竭其智,勇者奮其勇,富者輸其財,舉國一致,眾志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1915: 李大釗 (Li Dazhao) 《警告全國父老書》 (A Letter of Warning to All the Elders of the Country)
- Zhì zhě jié qí zhì, yǒng zhě fèn qí yǒng, fù zhě shū qí cái, jǔ guó yīzhì, zhòngzhìchéngchéng. [Pinyin]
- The wise exhaust their wisdom; the brave consume their bravery; the wealthy lose their wealth; [when] the entire country shares a common goal, the will of the masses forge a stronghold.
智者竭其智,勇者奋其勇,富者输其财,举国一致,众志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to donate; to contribute
- 輸誠/输诚 ― shū chéng ― to contribute/express sincerity
- 輸財助邊/输财助边 ― shū cái zhù biān ― to donate money for border defence
- 大家牛車,小家擔負,輸租繈屬不絕,課更以最上。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Taiping Yulan (Readings of the Taiping Era), 977 – 983 CE
- Dàjiā niúchē, xiǎojiā dānfù, shū zū qiǎng shǔ bùjué, kè gèng yǐ zuìshàng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
大家牛车,小家担负,输租襁属不绝,课更以最上。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 侍郎宋德宜奏稱捐輸三載,所入二百餘萬,知縣最多,計五百餘人。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 《清稗類鈔·度支類·捐輸始於開國》 (Anthology of Petty Qing Matters)
- Shìláng Sòngdéyí zòu chēng juān shū sān zǎi, suǒ rù èrbǎi yú wàn, zhīxiàn zuìduō, jì wǔbǎi yú rén. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
侍郎宋德宜奏称捐输三载,所入二百余万,知县最多,计五百余人。 [MSC, simp.]
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 不服輸/不服输
- 不見輸贏/不见输赢
- 不輸/不输
- 伏輸/伏输 (fúshū)
- 傳輸/传输 (chuánshū)
- 全血輸血/全血输血
- 公路運輸/公路运输
- 公輸/公输
- 公輸子/公输子
- 公輸般/公输般
- 利益輸送/利益输送
- 十賭九輸/十赌九输 (shídǔjiǔshū)
- 反輸一帖/反输一帖
- 同步傳輸/同步传输
- 問輸/问输
- 均輸/均输
- 大敗虧輸/大败亏输
- 大眾運輸/大众运输
- 平行輸入/平行输入
- 手寫輸入/手写输入
- 打輸/打输
- 捐輸/捐输
- 整廠輸出/整厂输出
- 𣍐輸/𫧃输 (bē-su)
- 服輸/服输 (fúshū)
- 樂輸/乐输
- 灌輸/灌输 (guànshū)
- 自體輸血/自体输血
- 虧輸/亏输
- 袂輸/袂输 (bē-su)
- 詐敗佯輸/诈败佯输
- 認輸/认输 (rènshū)
- 資料傳輸/资料传输
- 輸不起/输不起 (shūbùqǐ)
- 輸入/输入 (shūrù)
- 輸入法/输入法 (shūrùfǎ)
- 輸出/输出 (shūchū)
- 輸卵管/输卵管 (shūluǎnguǎn)
- 輸家/输家 (shūjiā)
- 輸實/输实
- 輸寫/输写
- 輸將/输将
- 輸尿管/输尿管 (shūniàoguǎn)
- 輸征
- 輸心/输心
- 輸捐/输捐
- 輸服甘結/输服甘结
- 輸氧/输氧 (shūyǎng)
- 輸油管/输油管
- 輸液/输液 (shūyè)
- 輸理/输理 (shūlǐ)
- 輸精管/输精管 (shūjīngguǎn)
- 輸糧/输粮
- 輸肝剖膽/输肝剖胆
- 輸肝瀝膽/输肝沥胆
- 輸血/输血 (shūxuè)
- 輸誠/输诚 (shūchéng)
- 輸財助邊/输财助边
- 輸贏/输赢 (shūyíng)
- 輸身/输身
- 輸送/输送 (shūsòng)
- 輸送帶/输送带 (shūsòngdài)
- 輸錢/输钱
- 輸電/输电 (shūdiàn)
- 運輸/运输 (yùnshū)
- 運輸工具/运输工具
- 運輸成本/运输成本
- 運輸業/运输业 (yùnshūyè)
- 運輸機/运输机 (yùnshūjī)
- 運輸費/运输费
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: thua (“to lose”)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | 輸 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 输 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shù
- Wade–Giles: shu4
- Yale: shù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
- Palladius: шу (šu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syu3
- Yale: syu
- Cantonese Pinyin: sy3
- Guangdong Romanization: xu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /syː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: syuH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljos/
Definitions
[edit]輸
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 輸 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
輸 輸 or 輸+ ︁ ?
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輸󠄁 輸+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
輸󠄃 輸+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]輸
(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 輸)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: す (su)
- Kan-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
- Kun: いたす (itasu, 輸す); うつす (utsusu, 輸す); おくる (okuru, 輸る); まける (makeru, 輸ける)
- Kan’yōon ゆ (yu) is from analogy to other kanji with the phonetic part 俞. Compare 愉 (yu) and 諭 (yu).
Derived terms
[edit]Terms derived from 輸 (yu)
References
[edit]- ^ “輸”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 輸 (MC syu|syuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈 (syu) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]輸: Hán Việt readings: thâu[1][2][3]
輸: Nôm readings: thua[1][2][3][4], thâu[1][3]
References
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅ
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しゆ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ゆ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いた・す
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