This is a list of Proto-Semitic stems (triconsonantal roots and extensions)Semitic languages (i.e. actually-pronounced forms with vowels, as opposed to Semitic pure consonantal roots ). Only stems attested in Akkadian , or with cognates in other Afro-Asiatic groups, can be confidently included in Proto-Semitic; others must be placed in West Semitic. There is some controversy in Semitic linguistics over the sibilants' pronunciation.
Proto-Semitic Stems [ edit ]
English
PS
Akkadian Arabic Hebrew Syriac Ge'ez Mehri Phoenician
earth
*ʼarṣ́-
erṣet-
ʼarḍ-
ʼéreṣ
ʼarʻ-ā
?
?
ʼarṣ
father
*ʼab-
ab- ʼab-
ʼāḇ
ʼab-ā
ʼab
ḥa-yb
ʼab,bu
god
*ʼil-(āh)-
il-
ʼilāh-
ʼēl-(ôh)-
ʼalāh-ā
-
-
ʼel-, ʼil-(ūh)-
grape/wine[1] [2]
*wayn-
-
wayn-
yáyin ('wine')
-
wayn-
-
yen
house
*bayt-
bītu, bētu
bayt-
báyiṯ, bêṯ
bayt-ā
bet
beyt, bêt
bet, bit
lord
*baʻl-
bēlu
baʻl-
báʻal
b·ʻ·l
baʻāl
bâl
baʻl
king
*malik-
mal(i)ku
malik-
méleḵ
malk-ā
-
-
malk, milk
milk
*x̣alīb-
ḫilpu
ḥalīb-, ḥalab-
ḥālāḇ
ḥalb-ā
ḥalīb
-
ḥaleb
name
*šim-
šum-
ism-
šēm
šm-ā
sim
ham
šēm
peace
*šalām-
šalām-
salām-
šālôm
šlām-ā
salām
səlōm
šolūm, šolēm
sun
*śamš-
šamšu
šams-
šémeš
šemš-ā
-
-
šamš
tree
*ʻiṣ́-
iṣu, iṣṣu
ʻiḍ-at-
ʻēṣ
-
ʻiṣ
'aʻā
ʻiṣ
water
*māy-
mû
māy-
máyim
mayy-ā
māy
ḥə-mō
mem, meym, may
Body parts [ edit ]
English
PS
Akkadian Arabic Hebrew Syriac Geez Mehri Phoenician
blood
*dam-
damu
dam-
dām
dm-ā
dam
-
dom
eye
*ʻayn-
īn-
ʻayn-
ʻáyin
ʻayn-ā
ʻayn
ʼāyn
ʻeyn,ʻen
hand
*yad-
id-
yad-
yāḏ
ʼīdā
ʼid
ḥayd
yad, yid, id
heart
*lib(a)b-
libb-
lubb-
lēḇ(āḇ)
lebb-ā
libb
ḥa-wbēb
libb
tongue
*lišān-/*lašān-
lišān-
lisān-
lāšôn
leššān-ā
lissān
əwšēn
lošūn, lašūn,lšūn
tooth
*šinn-
šinn-
sinn-
šēn
šenn-ā
śinn*
-
šinn-
Animal names [ edit ]
English
PS
Akkadian Arabic Hebrew Syriac Geez Mehri Phoenician
bull
*ṯawr-
šūru
ṯawr-
šôr (> 'ox')
tawr-ā
sōr
-
šūr
camel
*gamal-
gammal- (gaml-)
ǧamal-
gāmāl
gaml-ā
gamal
gəmmōl
gemāl, gamāl
dog
*kalb-
kalb-
kalb-
kéleḇ
kalb-ā
kalb
?
kalb
ewe
*raḫil-
laḫru
riḫl(at)-
rāḫēl
-
-
-
-
Note: "ś" is used to transliterate Ge'ez śin , which could represent either "ś" or "s", depending on the word and time period.
Proto-West-Semitic Stems [ edit ] This is a list of cognates for which no Akkadian cognate is known or attested.
English
PWS
Arabic Hebrew Syriac Geez Mehri Phoenician
wasp
*dVb(V)r-
dabr-, dibr-
dəḇôrāh (> "bee")
debbōr-ā, debbor-t-ā
-
-
dobrot
holy
*ḳudš-
quds-
qōḏeš
qudš-ā
qiddūs
-
quddoš,qudš
son
*bn-
ibn-
bēn
br-ā
-
bər, ḥə-brē
bin
yogurt
*laban-
laban "milk"
lāḇān
-
-
lbōn
labūn
References [ edit ] See also [ edit ] External links [ edit ] 
