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See also: , , 𠁽, , and 𠔼
U+51E1, 凡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51E1

[U+51E0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51E2]

Translingual

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Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 16, +1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓戈 (HNI), four-corner 77210, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1739
  • Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 276, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+51E1

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a plate, a flat dish.

Borrowed for abstract meanings. Another character (OC *baːn) was created to refer to the original word.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.

According to Schuessler (2007), Sino-Tibetan in origin; compare Mizo pum (whole; all), Burmese ဘုံ (bhum, common, public, communal). Cognate with (OC *pqab, “law”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • huang5/huam5 - "ordinary" (huang5 - Shantou, huam5 - Chaozhou);
  • huang6/huam6 - “outline, every, altogether, surname” (huang6 - Shantou, huam6 - Chaozhou).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /fan³⁵/
Harbin /fan²⁴/ 下~
/fan⁵³/ ~是
Tianjin /fan⁴⁵/
Jinan /fã⁴²/
Qingdao /fã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fan⁴²/
Xi'an /fã²⁴/
Xining /fã²⁴/
Yinchuan /fan⁵³/
Lanzhou /fɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /fan⁵¹/
Wuhan /fan²¹³/
Chengdu /fan³¹/
Guiyang /fan²¹/
Kunming /fã̠³¹/
Nanjing /faŋ²⁴/
Hefei /fæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /fæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /fæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ve²³/
Suzhou /ve̞¹³/
Hangzhou /vẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /va³¹/
Hui Shexian /fɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /fuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɸan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fan⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fan¹¹/
Taoyuan /fɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fan²¹/
Nanning /fan²¹/
Hong Kong /fan²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /huan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uaiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /huaŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /faŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (3)
Final () (146)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter bjom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bɨɐm/
Pan
Wuyun
/biɐm/
Shao
Rongfen
/biɐm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/buam/
Li
Rong
/biɐm/
Wang
Li
/bĭwɐm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯wɐm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
faan4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fán
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjom ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]rom/
English in every case

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2914
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*bom/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. in general; every, all, any; indicates that the statement applies generally, to all cases.
  2. altogether; in total (of numbers)
  3. ordinary; commonplace
      ―  fēifán  ―  extraordinary
      ―  fánrén  ―  common people
  4. worldly; mortal; earthly
  5. (literary) outline; gist
  6. a surname

Antonyms

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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note fa (4).
    Synonym: (Cantonese opera)

Derived terms

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. in general, by and large
  2. ordinary, common, mediocre
  3. outline, gist

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ぼん
Grade: S
goon
Alternative spelling
(rare)

*/bɨəm//bomʉ//boɴ/

From Middle Chinese (MC bjom).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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(ぼん) (bon-na (adnominal (ぼん) (bon na), adverbial (ぼん) (bon ni))

  1. mediocre, ordinary
    Antonym: 非凡 (hibon)
Inflection
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Derived terms
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Noun

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(ぼん) (bon

  1. mediocrity
    Antonym: 非凡 (hibon)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
おお
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/opo//ofo//oho//oː/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with (ō, great, large), and the oho- element in おほほし (ohohoshi, unclear, indistinct; depressed, gloomy; stupid, imbecilic).[2][1]

Historically also realized as obo in old texts, and cognate with the obo- element in (oboro, hazy, vague, dim, indistinct).[2][1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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(おお) (ōおほ (ofo)?-nari

  1. (archaic) dim, faint
    Synonym: 仄か (honoka)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 219:
      , text here
      (そら)(かぞふ)凡津(おほつの)子之(こが)(あひし)(ひに)於保(おほ)()()(しか)()(いま)()(くやしき) [Man'yōgana]
      空数(そらかぞ)(おほ)()()()ひし()おぼ()しかば(いま)(くや)しき [Modern spelling]
      sora kazou Ōtsu no ko ga aishi hi ni oboni mishikaba ima zo kuyashiki
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. (archaic) moderate
    Synonym: いい加減 (iikagen)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3535:
      , text here
      於能我乎遠(おのがをを)於保(おほ)尓奈於毛比曽(になおもひそ)尓波尓多知(にはにたち)恵麻須我可良尓(ゑますがからに)古麻尓安布毛能乎(こまにあふものを) [Man'yōgana]
      (おの)()おほにな(おも)ひそ(には)()()ますがからに(こま)()ふものを [Modern spelling]
      onoga o o ōni na omoi so niwa ni tachi emasu ga kara ni koma ni au mono o
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  3. (archaic) mediocre, ordinary
    Synonyms: 普通 (futsū), 平凡 (heibon)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 965:
      , text here
      (おほ)(なら)()左毛右毛将為乎(かもかもせむを)(かしこみ)()振痛袖(ふりたきそで)()(しのび)()(ある)香聞(かも) [Man'yōgana]
      おほならばかもかもせむを(かしこ)みと()りたき(そで)(しの)びてあるかも [Modern spelling]
      ōnaraba ka mo ka mo semu o kashikomi to furitaki sode o shinobite aru ka mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  4. (archaic) : large, big; roomy, loose
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
おおし
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Appears to be a lexicalized adverbial use of the 終止形 (shūshikei, terminal form) of classical adjective 多し (ōshi, many, modern 多い (ōi), same opoofoohoō root).

Alternatively, might be adjective stem ō + conjunctive particle (shi).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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(おおし) (ōshiおほし (ofosi)?

  1. about, generally, in general
    Synonyms: 凡そ (oyoso), 大体 (daitai)
Derived terms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 무릇 (mureut beom))

  1. hanja form? of (all, any, every)
  2. hanja form? of (ordinary, common)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: phàm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.