野

See also: 埜

野 U+91CE, 野 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CE ← 重 [U+91CD] CJK Unified Ideographs 量 → [U+91CF]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

野 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田土弓戈弓 (WGNIN), four-corner 6712₂, composition ⿰里予)

Derived characters

• 嘢, 墅

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1291, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40133
• Dae Jaweon: page 1793, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 1
• Unihan data for U+91CE

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		野
alternative forms		㙒 墅 埜 𡐨 壄 㙒 墅 埜 𡐨 壄 𡑀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
野	*laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ
壄	*laːʔ
序	*ljaʔ
抒	*ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ
芧	*l'aʔ
杼	*l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ
墅	*ɦljaːʔ
舒	*hlja
紓	*hlja, *ɦljaʔ
妤	*la
伃	*la
予	*la, *laʔ
預	*las
忬	*las
豫	*las
蕷	*las
澦	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).

Etymology 1

Various etymologies have been proposed:

• From a hypothetical common Sino-Tibetan *la (“area far from settlements; wilderness”): compare Tibetan ལ (la, “mountain pass; hillside; mountainslope”) (Schuessler, 2007);
• Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *laʔ (“to spread, extend”): compare Khmer លា (liə, “to unfold, spread, open out”) (Schuessler, 2007);
• From a Sino-Tibetan root meaning “hut; pantry”: compare Tibetan ལྷས (lhas, “pen; fold; cattle enclosure”) (Starostin).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 野

1. countryside; field; outskirts; wilderness
2. plain; open country; open space
3. area; region; boundary
4. (among) the people; not in power; out of office
5. unadorned; unaffected; simple; plain
6. wild; not domesticated; stray
7. feral; untamed; unrestrained
8. rough; coarse; violent; boorish; rude
9. unofficial; informal; illegal
10. (literary or Eastern Min, Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien, Wu) very; quite
11. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
	Taiwan	很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
	Malaysia	很
	Singapore	很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
	Jinan	挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	很
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	很, 好
	Chongqing	很
	Wuhan	蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蠻, 稀, 很
	Hefei	很
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好, 非常之
	Hong Kong	好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	好
	Taishan	好, 十分之
	Yangjiang	好
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	好
	Singapore (Guangfu)	好, 非常之, 非常
Gan	Nanchang	蠻
Hakka	Meixian	好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
	Huidong (Daling)	好
	Wuhua (Meilin)	好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頂
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	好
	Changting	野
	Wuping (Pingyu)	已, 刮
	Liancheng	樣
	Ninghua	好
	Ruijin	蠻
	Shicheng	蠻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蠻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 已, 還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋, 盡, 還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 盡, 已, 還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 已, 還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 已, 還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	足, 真, 實在
	Hong Kong	好
	Sabah (Bao'an)	好
	Kuching (Hepo)	很
	Singapore (Dabu)	好
Jin	Taiyuan	很, 挺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	盡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野, 真
	Singapore (Fuqing)	真
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	真
Southern Min	Xiamen	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	真
	Quanzhou	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
	Jinjiang	野
	Zhangzhou	盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
	Zhao'an	很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
	Dongshan	真, 非常
	Taipei	真, 誠
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真, 誠
	Kaohsiung	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Yilan	有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
	Changhua (Lukang)	真, 誠
	Taichung	誠, 蓋, 足
	Tainan	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Hsinchu	真, 誠
	Kinmen	足, 誠
	Penghu (Magong)	真, 誠
	Penang (Hokkien)	真, 誠, 真正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
	Manila (Hokkien)	野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
	Chaozhou	過, 好, 非常, 死爸
	Shantou	過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	好, 死絕
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	好, 非常
	Jieyang	過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	好
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	好
	Singapore (Teochew)	真, 死爸, 非常
	Wenchang	極, 但顧, 真
	Haikou	但顧
	Qionghai	但顧, 真
	Singapore (Hainanese)	但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	好, 蠻
Wu	Shanghai	蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
	Suzhou	蠻, 窮
	Hangzhou	蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
	Ningbo	交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
	Zhoushan	交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
	Wenzhou	蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang	Changsha	很, 蠻
	Shuangfeng	蠻

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi⁵ / seoi⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴
    • Yale: shù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seoi⁵ / seoi⁶
    • Yale: séuih / seuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey⁵ / soey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu⁵ / sêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯¹³/, /sɵy̯²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyoX

Rime
Character	野
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	承與切
Baxter	dzyoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ʑiɔX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	野
Reading #	2/2
No.	15729
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	野
Old Chinese	/*ɦljaʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 野

1. ^† Original form of 墅 (shù, “field; field hut; detached residence”).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 野 – see 嘢 (“thing; matter; stuff; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 嘢).

References

• “野”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04258

---

Japanese

Kanji

野

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: の (no, 野, Jōyō)
• Nanori: とお (tō)^{←とほ (tofo, historical)}、なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}、ひろ (hiro)

As the original form of 墅:

• Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←じよ (zyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 野老(トコロ) (tokoro)
• 野木瓜(ムベ) (mube)
• 野羊(ヤギ) (yagi)
• 上野(こうずけ) (Kōzuke)
• 下野(しもつけ) (Shimotsuke)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
野
の Grade: 2
kun'yomi

• (old or jinmeiyō form) 埜

Etymology 1

⟨no₁⟩ → /nʷo/ → /no/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) の [nóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [no̞]

Noun

野(の) • (no) 

1. an area, field

   Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)

2. the hidden part of a structure

   Antonym: 化粧 (keshō)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 野(の)宿(じゅく) (nojuku)
• 野(の)点(だて) (nodate)
• 野(の)守(もり) (nomori)
• 野(の)良(ら) (nora)
• 上(うえ)野(の) (Ueno)
• 小(お)野(の) (Ono)

Prefix

野(の) • (no-) 

1. wild

   野(の)兎(うさぎ) ― nousagi ― wild rabbit

2. rustic, unsophisticated

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 野(ノ)苺(イチゴ) (noichigo)
• 野(の)兎(うさぎ) (nōsagi)
• 野(の)鼠(ねずみ) (nonezumi)
• 野(の)薔薇(ばら) (nobara)

Idioms

• 野(の)に置(お)く (no ni oku)

Proverbs

• 野(の)暮(く)れ山(やま)暮(く)れ (no kure yama kure)
• 野(の)に伏(ふ)し山(やま)に伏(ふ)す (no ni fushi yama ni fusu)
• 後(あと)は野(の)となれ山(やま)となれ (ato wa no to nare yama to nare)

Proper noun

野(の) or 野(proper) • (no or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|の]]

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
野
や Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 野 (MC yaeX).

Affix

野(や) • (ya) 

1. field, plain
2. natural, pristine
3. rough
4. bare, open
5. extant, scope, sphere
6. civil, non-governmental
7. (baseball) ground
8. Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke no kuni): Shimotsuke Province

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 野(や)外(がい) (yagai)
• 野(や)狐(こ) (yako)
• 野(や)蛮(ばん) (yaban)
• 野(や)党(とう) (yatō)
• 原(げん)野(や) (gen'ya)
• 平(へい)野(や) (heiya)

Noun

野(や) • (ya) 

1. an area, field

   Synonyms: 野原 (nohara), 野っ原 (noppara), 野良 (nora)

2. a private or civil matter

   Synonym: 民間 (minkan)

Idioms

• 野(や)に遺(い)賢(けん)無(な)し (ya ni iken nashi)
• 野(や)に下(くだ)る (ya ni kudaru)

Adjective

野(や) • (ya) ^†-nari

1. (archaic) rustic, unsophisticated

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "野なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	野なら	やなら	yanara
Continuative (連用形)	野に[1] 野なり[2]	やに やなり	yani yanari
Terminal (終止形)	野なり	やなり	yanari
Attributive (連体形)	野なる	やなる	yanaru
Realis (已然形)	野なれ	やなれ	yanare
Imperative (命令形)	野なれ	やなれ	yanare
Key constructions
Negative	野ならず	やならず	yanarazu
Contrasting conjunction	野なれど	やなれど	yanaredo
Causal conjunction	野なれば	やなれば	yanareba
Conditional conjunction	野ならば	やならば	yanaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	野なりき	やなりき	yanariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	野なりけり	やなりけり	yanarikeri
Adverbial	野に	やに	yani
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb.

---

Korean

Alternative forms

• 埜

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 野 (MC yaeX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	양〯 (Yale: yǎ)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	ᄆᆡ〮 (Yale: móy)	야〯 (Yale: yǎ)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

野 (eumhun 들 야 (deul ya))

1. hanja form^? of 야 (“field; area”)
2. hanja form^? of 야 (“wild; savage; untamed”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 재야 (在野, jaeya)
• 야채 (野菜, yachae)
• 야구 (野球, yagu)
• 야인 (野人, yain)
• 야만 (野蠻, yaman)
• 야성 (野性, yaseong)
• 분야 (分野, bunya)
• 야당 (野黨, yadang)
• 시야 (視野, siya)
• 야망 (野望, yamang)
• 야외 (野外, yaoe)
• 야심 (野心, yasim)
• 광야 (曠野/廣野, gwang'ya)
• 임야 (林野, imya)
• 야박 (野薄, yabak)
• 야욕 (野慾, yayok)
• 야영 (野營, yayeong)
• 야비 (野卑/野鄙, yabi)

Noun

Hanja in this term
野

野 • (ya) (hangeul 야)

1. (in news headlines) Short for 野(야)黨(당) (yadang, “(politics) the opposition party”).

   Antonym: 與(여) (yeo, “(politics) the ruling party”)

Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

Derived terms

• 與(여)野(야) (yeoya, “(politics) the opposing parties”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

---

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *no.

Pronunciation appears to be distinct from の (no₂, possessive and case-marker particle).

Noun

野 (no₁) (kana の)

1. an area, field

Derived terms

• 野つ鳥 (no₁ tu to₂ri, pillow word)
• 野守 (no₁mori)
• 毛野 (Ke₁no₁)
• 小野 (wono₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 野 (no)

Etymology 2

The second sense is based on 国学 (kokugaku) scholars' reading of man'yōgana 努, 怒, 弩, etc. as ⟨nu⟩ instead of ⟨no₁⟩ before regional differences in Old Japanese terms of were discovered.

Noun

野 (nu) (kana ぬ)

1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) an area, field
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4387:
     , text here

     知波乃奴乃古乃弖加之波能保保麻例等阿夜爾加奈之美於枳弖他加枳奴

     Tiba-no₂-nu no₂ ko₁no₂te-gasipa no₂ popomaredo₂ aya ni kanasimi₁ oki₁te ta ga ki₁nu

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. Misspelling of 野 (no₁), from the view of an Edo-period scholar of the Man'yōshū and other Old Japanese literature

Derived terms

• 毛野 (Ke₁nu)

---

Vietnamese

Han character

野: Hán Việt readings: dã (以(dĩ)者(giả)切(thiết))
野: Nôm readings: dã, nhả, rã

1. chữ Hán form of dã (“wild; savage”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 野球 (dã cầu)
• 野蠻 (dã man)
• 野人 (dã nhân/dã nhơn)