ille

See also: Ille, 'ille, and -ille

Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin.

Pronoun

ille

1. he

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Irish

Contraction

ille

1. Contraction of i leith.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ille”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

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Latin

Alternative forms

• olle (for the pronoun; archaic)

Etymology

From Old Latin olle (“he, that”) (also ollus, olla), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no- or *h₂l̥-no-, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Latin uls (“beyond”), alius (“other”), and alter (“the other”); Umbrian ulu (“to that place”), Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”, literally “in that (year)”).

Initial i- from o- has no parallel case and may be owing to contamination from is, iste or due to the palatalizing effect of l exilis.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈil.le/, [ˈɪlːʲɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈil.le/, [ˈilːe]

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Determiner

ille (feminine illa, neuter illud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)

1. (determiner) that; those (in the plural)
   • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 3:24

     in illo tempore exauditae sunt preces amborum in conspectu gloriae summi Dei

     at that time the prayers of them both were heard in the sight of the glory of the most high God

2. (pronoun) that one; that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it
3. (Vulgar Latin) he, she, it (third-person personal pronoun)
4. (Medieval Latin, Vulgar Latin) the (used as a definite article)

Declension

Demonstrative pronoun (pronominal).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ille	illa	illud		illī	illae	illa
Genitive	illī̆us				illōrum	illārum	illōrum
Dative	illī				illīs
Accusative	illum	illam	illud		illōs	illās	illa
Ablative	illō	illā	illō		illīs

Usage notes

• This demonstrative determiner/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, away from both speaker and listener. It contrasts with hic (“this”), which refers to people or things near the speaker, and iste (“this/that”), which refers to people or things near the listener.
• As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function. In Vulgar latin, ille weakened its meaning and frequently came to mean merely "the" (as a determiner) or "he/she/it" (as a pronoun). This is in fact the origin of French le (“the”) and il (“he”), Spanish el (“the”) and él (“he”), etc. The original meaning of a far demonstrative was maintained when augmented with ecce or eccum, cf. Italian quello, Spanish aquel.
• In Classical usage, ille can have a secondary, appreciative function of casting the referent in a positive light: ille homō can mean "that (famous/renowned) man". The opposite, pejorative function is assumed by iste, and iste homō frequently means "that (no good) man". Such functions were not present in Vulgar Latin, and iste came to mean "this" (cf. Spanish este).

Derived terms

• eccille
• illic
• illim
• ōlim

 

Related terms

Latin correlatives ^(edit)

type	demonstrative			anaphoric	identity	interrogative/ relative	indefinite					negative	other
	proximal	medial	distal				relative	indefinite	universal	free choice	negative polarity
basic	hic	iste, istic	ille, illic	is	ipse, īdem	quis/quī	quisquis, quīcumque	quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam	quisque	quīvis, quīlibet	quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam	nēmō, nihil, nūllus	alius
dual						uter	utercumque	alteruter	uterque	utervīs, uterlibet		neuter	alter
place	hīc	istīc	illīc	ibī̆	ibī̆dem	ubī̆	ubiubi, ubī̆cumque	alicubī, uspiam	ubīque	ubivīs, ubilibet	usquam	nusquam, nūllibī	alibī, aliās
source	hinc	istinc	illinc	inde	indidem	unde	undecumque, undeunde	alicunde	undique	°undelibet			aliunde
destination	hūc, °hōrsum	istūc, °istōrsum	illūc, °illōrsum	eō	eōdem	quō, quōrsum	quōquō, quōcumque	aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum		quōvīs, quōlibet	quōquam	nusquam, nūllōrsum	aliō, aliōrsum
method, means, path, place	hāc	istāc	illāc	eā	eādem	quā	quāquā, quācumque	aliquā	quāque	quāvīs, quālibet		nēquāquam, haudquāquam	aliā
manner	hōc modō	istō modō	illō modō	ita, sīc, eō modō	item, itidem	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque	quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō	utique	quōmodolibet	ūllō modō	nūllō modō	aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time	num, nunc		ōlim	tum, tunc	simul	quandō, ‡cum	cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque	quondam, aliquandō	quandōque	quandōlibet	umquam	numquam	aliās
quantity				tam	†tamen, †tandem	quam	†quamquam	aliquam		quamvīs, quamlibet
size				tantus	tantusdem	quantus	quantuscumque	aliquantus		quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality				tālis		quālis	quālis, quāliscumque	aliquālis		quālislibet
number				tot	totidem	quot	quotquot, quotcumque	aliquot		quotlibet
order				totus		quotus	quotuscumque	aliquotus		quotuslibet
repetition				totiēns		quotiēns	quotiēnscumque	aliquotiēns		quotiēnslibet
multiplication				totuplex		quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

See also

• ūnus

Descendants

As definite article

• Aromanian: -lu, -a
• Asturian: el, la, lo, los, les, las
• Aragonese: o
• Bourguignon: lou
• Catalan: el, la, els, les
• Champenois: lou
• Dalmatian: el, la, i, le
• Franco-Provençal: lo, la, los, les
• French: le, la, les
• Friulian: il, la, i, lis
• Galician: o, a, os, as
• Istriot: el, la
• Italian: il, lo, la, i, gli, le
• Neapolitan: llo/'o, lla/'a, lle/'e
• Occitan: lo, la, los, las
• Old French: li, la, les
• Portuguese: o, a, os, as
• Romanian: -l (-ul), -a (-ua), -i, -le, -lui, -ei, -lor
• Romansch: il, la, ils, las
• Sicilian: lu, la, li
• Spanish: el, la, lo, los, las
• Venetian: el, ła, i, łe

As personal pronoun

• Aromanian: el, ea, elj, eali, lui, ljei, lor, ãlj, li, lã, ãl, u
• Asturian: él~elli, ella, ello, ellos, elles, ellas
• Catalan: ell, ella, ells, elles, llur
• Dalmatian: jal, jala, jali, jale, louro
• Franco-Provençal: il, ele, ils, eles, lui, lyé, lor, li
• French: il, elle, ils, elles, lui, leur
• Friulian: lui, jê, lôr
• Istriot: el, gila, luri
• Italian: egli, ella, lui, lei, loro, lo, la, li, le
• Neapolitan: lloro, llo/'o, lla/'a, lle/'e
• Galician: el, ela, eles, elas
• Occitan: el, ela, eles, elas
• Portuguese: ele, ela, eles, elas
• Romanian: el, ea, ei, ele, lui, ei, lor, îi, le, îl, o
• Romansch: el, ella, els, ellas, lur
• Sicilian: iddu, idda, iddi
• Spanish: él, ella, ello, ellos, ellas, lo, la, los, las, le, les
• Venetian: eło/elo, eła, ełe, łore, łori

As determiner

• Romanian: (ăl), ăla, aia, ăia, alea, ăluia, ăleia, ălora.

As determiner, from eccu(m)/*accu (from eccum, from ecce eum) + ille

• Aromanian: atsel, atsea, atselj, atseali
• Asturian: aquel~aquelli, aquella, aquello, aquellos, aquelles
• Catalan: aquell, aquella, aquells, aquelles
• Dalmatian: col
• Franco-Provençal: celi, cela, celos, celes, celor
• French: celle, ceux, celui
• Friulian: chel, chê, chei, chês
• Galician: aquel, aquela, aqueles, aquelas
• Istriot: quil, quila, quii, quille
• Italian: quello, quella, quelli, quelle, colui, colei, coloro
• Neapolitan: chillo, chella, chille, chelle
• Occitan: aquel, aquela, aqueles, aquelas
• Old French: cel, cele, cels, celes
• Portuguese: aquele, aquela, aquilo, aqueles, aquelas
• Romanian: acel, acea, acei, acele, acelui, acelei, acelor
• Sicilian: chiddu, chidda, chiddi
• Spanish: aquel, aquella, aquello, aquellos, aquellas
• Venetian: cuel, cuelo

References

• “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ille in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
    
  • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    
  • hence these tears; there's the rub: hinc illae lacrimae (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61)
    
  • what will become of him: quid illo fiet?
    
  • I console myself with..: hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor
    
  • the memory of this will never fade from my mind: numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet
    
  • for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12)
    
  • those views are out of date: illae sententiae evanuerunt
    
  • those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23)
    
  • Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)
    
  • he possesses sound judgment in matters of taste: elegantia in illo est
    
  • there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
    
  • that Greek proverb contains an excellent lesson: bene illo Graecorum proverbio praecipitur
    
  • my relations with him are most hospitable: mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit
    
  • the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
    
  • this much he said: haec (quidem) ille
    
  • this passage is obscure: hic (ille) locus obscurus est
    
  • (ambiguous) I console myself with..: haec (illa) res me consolatur
    
  • (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas Platonis commenticia
    
  • (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas, quam Plato finxit
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse illr.

Adjective

ille (indeclinable, comparative verre, indefinite superlative verst, definite superlative verste)

1. bad

Etymology 2

From Old Norse illa.

Pronunciation

• (Fredrikstad dialect) IPA^(key): [ˈɪ̂l̺.l̺ɛ̝]

Adverb

ille

1. badly
2. (Fredrikstad dialect) very

   ille bra

   very good

Derived terms

• illeluktende

References

• “ille” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Tatar

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Turkish elli, Bashkir илле (ille)

Numeral

ille (Cyrillic spelling илле)

1. fifty