From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+77E5, 知
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E5

[U+77E4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77E6]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 111, +3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人大口 (OKR), four-corner 86400, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23935
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2581, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+77E5

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𥎿

Glyph origin

[edit]

Originally the same character as , used interchangeably. In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (adult) + (mouth) + (child) – to transmit knowledge. In the Warring States period, corrupted into (OC *hliʔ) and became a sound component. In Western Han script the component started being dropped, arriving at the modern form.

Etymology

[edit]

The two pronunciations are cognate. The word is possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin, compare Mizo hria, hriat (to know), Jingpho chye (to know), Tibetan རིག (rig, to know) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with (OC *ʔl'es).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Note:
  • ei1 - colloquial;
  • zi1 - literary.
Note:
  • di1 - vernacular;
  • zi1 - literary.
Note:
  • chai - colloquial;
  • ti - literary.
Note:
  • zai1 - colloquial;
  • di1 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃz̩²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕi³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sz̩⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ti⁴⁴/
/t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ti²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si⁵³/
Nanning /t͡si⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡si⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ti⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ti⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ti⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ti³³/
/t͡sai³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡si²³/
/tai²³/
/t͡si³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (9)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter trje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈiə̆/
Li
Rong
/ȶie/
Wang
Li
/ȶǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȶie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhī
Middle
Chinese
‹ trje ›
Old
Chinese
/*tre/
English know

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11495
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔl'e/
Notes

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to know; to understand; to comprehend
    面不  ―  zhī rén zhī miàn bù zhī xīn  ―  One may know a person for a long time without understanding his true nature
    [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 m4 zi1. [Jyutping]  ―  I don't know.
  2. to cause to know; to tell; to inform
      ―  tōngzhī  ―  to inform
    去到 [Cantonese, trad.]
    去到 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 heoi3 dou3 zau6 waa6 ngo5 zi1 laa1 [Jyutping]
    Let me know when you arrive.
  3. to administer; to take charge of
      ―  zhīxiàn  ―  governor of a county
      ―  zhī  ―  receptionist at a ceremony
  4. to distinguish
  5. to appreciate
  6. to be close friends; close friends
      ―  zhī  ―  close friend
      ―  zhīyǒu  ―  close friend
  7. to perceive
    [Cantonese]  ―  zi1 geng1 mei6? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you afraid now? (literally, “Do you feel the fright now?”)
  8. to participate in; to have a hand in
  9. (Hakka, including Changting, Xiaosanjiang, Shicheng) to hear; to listen
  10. knowledge
      ―  qiúzhī  ―  to seek knowledge
      ―  zhī  ―  ignorant
  11. (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of (MC trje)
Synonyms
[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (chi)
  • Korean: 지(知) (ji)
  • Vietnamese: tri ()

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Original form of (zhì, “knowing, wisdom, intelligence”).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to know
  2. wisdom

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on'yomi
Alternative spelling

From Middle Chinese (MC trjeH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

() (chi

  1. wisdom

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (al ji))

  1. hanja form? of (know)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: tri, trí
: Nôm readings: tri, trơ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.