色: difference between revisions
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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{{zh-pron |
{{zh-pron |
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|m=sè,shǎi,1nb=literary,2nb=colloquial,2er=y |
|m=sè,shǎi,shè,1nb=literary,1nc=standard in Mainland and Taiwan,2nb=colloquial,2nc=standard in Mainland and Taiwan,2er=y,3nb=colloquial,3nc=variant |
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|m_note=sè - all senses except “die”; shǎi - “die; colour”; shǎir - “colour” |
|m_note=sè - all senses except “die”; shǎi - “die; colour”; shǎir - “colour”; shè - “lust” |
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|m-s= |
|m-s=se2 |
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|dg=сый2 |
|dg=сый2 |
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|c=sik1 |
|c=sik1 |
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|c-t= |
|c-t=set2 |
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|g=set6 |
|g=set6 |
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|h=pfs=set;gd= |
|h=pfs=set;gd=sêd5 |
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|j=sah4 |
|j=sah4/seh4 |
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|j_note=sah4 - vernacular; seh4 - literary |
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|mb=să̤ |
|mb=să̤ |
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|md=sáik |
|md=sáik |
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# [[color]]/[[colour]]; [[tint]]; [[hue]]; [[shade]] |
# [[color]]/[[colour]]; [[tint]]; [[hue]]; [[shade]] |
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#: {{zh-x|顏色|color}} {{zh-x|顏色{shǎi}兒{r}|color}} |
#: {{zh-x|顏色|color}} |
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#: {{zh-x|顏色{shǎi}兒{r}|color}} |
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# [[look]]; [[expression]] |
# [[look]]; [[expression]] |
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# [[kind]]; [[sort]] |
# [[kind]]; [[sort]] |
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# [[feminine]] [[charm]]; [[beauty]] |
# [[feminine]] [[charm]]; [[beauty]] |
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#: {{zh-x|姿色|good looks (of women)}} |
#: {{zh-x|姿色|good looks (of women)}} |
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# [[ |
# [[lust]]; [[sexual]] [[desire]] |
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#: {{zh-x|好色|to lust for women}} |
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#: {{zh-x|色情|pornography; sexual desire}} |
#: {{zh-x|色情|pornography; sexual desire}} |
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# {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[perverted]]; being a [[pervert]] |
# {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[perverted]]; being a [[pervert]] |
Revision as of 02:12, 5 February 2020
Translingual
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Han character
色 (Kangxi radical 139, 色+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓日山 (NAU), four-corner 27717, composition ⿱⺈巴)
- Kangxi radical #139, ⾊.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №340
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/色
- 𠈜, 𠲅, 𢙚, 𢬘, 𣴊, 栬, 絶(绝), 赩, 銫, 𤧾
- 脃 (Exception: Only for mainland China character. Other regions contain ⿱刀巴 instead of 色)
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1014, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30602
- Dae Jaweon: page 1473, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3071, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8272
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
色 | |
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alternative forms | 𢒸 骰 “die” |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 色 | |||||
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Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 爪 (“claw; hand”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”) – complexion.
Shuowen interprets this character as an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 人 (“person; human”) + 卩 (“etiquette”) – complexion.
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "4" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.
Definitions
- color/colour; tint; hue; shade
- look; expression
- kind; sort
- feminine charm; beauty
- 姿色 ― zīsè ― good looks (of women)
- lust; sexual desire
- (colloquial) perverted; being a pervert
- theatrical role
- metallic content
- die (a cube with numbers or symbols on each side, used in games of chance) (Classifier: 粒 c)
- 色子 ― shǎizi ― die
Synonyms
Compounds
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Descendants
See also
白色 | 灰色 | 黑色 |
紅色/红色, 赤色; 緋紅色/绯红色, 豔紅色/艳红色, 大紅/大红 | 橙色; 棕色, 褐色 | 黃色/黄色; 奶油色 |
青檸色/青柠色 | 綠色/绿色 | |
青色; 深青色 | 湛藍色/湛蓝色, 蔚藍色/蔚蓝色, 天藍色/天蓝色 | 藍色/蓝色 |
紫羅蘭色/紫罗兰色; 靛色 | 洋紅色/洋红色; 紫色 | 粉紅色/粉红色 |
Further reading
- “Entry #2612”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
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Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: しき (shiki, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しょく (shoku, Jōyō)
- Kun: いろ (iro, 色, Jōyō)、いろえ (iroe, 色)←いろへ (irofe, 色, historical)
- Nanori: しか (shika)、しこ (shiko)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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色 |
いろ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
⟨iro2⟩ → */irə/ → /iro/
From Old Japanese.
Originally referred to kin, indicating siblings sharing the same mother.[1] Later came to indicate feelings of familial love.[1] Apparently this then evolved to refer to romantic love, and by extension sex, or by alternate extension, female beauty. Then by further extension, this came to refer to beauty in general, and then colorfulness, and finally color.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- color (US), colour (UK)
- 目の色が違う猫
- me no iro ga chigau neko
- a cat that has eyes of different color
- 目の色が違う猫
- the metaphorical color or mood
- one's facial coloring or expression
- the shape of one's face or appearance; more specifically, beautiful looks or a beautiful figure
- lively elegance, enjoyable or interesting charm
- apparent thoughtfulness, warmheartedness
- the feeling or mood of a thing
- the tenor or timber of a voice or sound
- in Noh, a section that is chanted at a medium pace; alternately, a decorative poetic section
- in 浄瑠璃 (jōruri, “puppet show narrative”), a lively section that is neither strictly dialog nor narration, but has many elements of dialog
- when playing the koto, pushing on a string with the fingers of the left hand to change the pitch of a note, or for vibrato
- something related to romantic or sexual love, particularly between genders
- the emotions or circumstances of attraction between genders
- extramarital relations, an affair
- an extramarital lover
- a prostitute
- a red-light district
- the type or kind of something
- (informal, slang) various specific kinds of color:
Derived terms
- 色う (irou)
- 色色, 色々 (iroiro, “various”)
- 色んな (iron na, “various”)
- 色艶 (irotsuya, “color and luster; a person's facial coloring; warmth of feeling in speech or attitude; interest or fun in speech or writing”)
- 色合い (iroai), 色合 (iroai, “a shade, hue, tone; coloring”)
- 色褪せる (iroaseru, “lose color, fade; fade, lose freshness, become old and musty”)
- 色紙 (irogami, “colored paper”)
- 色気 (iroke)
- 色眼鏡 (iro megane, “colored glasses”)
- 色物 (iromono, “a colored item, particularly cloth or clothing; a lively and colorful variety act”)
- 色好い (iroyoi, “having a beautiful figure; favorable (as in a reply or attitude)”)
- 色分け, 色分 (irowake, “to color code, to separate by color”)
- 赤色 (aka-iro, “red”)
- 青色 (ao-iro, “blue”)
- 黄色 (ki-iro, “yellow”)
- 茶色 (cha-iro, “brown”)
- 狐色 (kitsune-iro, “reddish-brown”)
- 橙色 (daidai-iro, “orange (colour)”)
- オレンジ色 (orenji-iro, “orange (colour)”)
- 柿色 (kaki-iro, “reddish-orange”)
- 紫色 (murasaki-iro, “purple”)
- 薄紫色 (usumurasaki-iro, “light purple, lavender”)
- 桃色 (momo-iro, “peach pink”)
- 桜色 (sakura-iro, “light pink”)
- 水色 (mizu-iro, “light blue”)
- 群青色 (gunjō-iro, “ultramarine”)
- 赤紫色 (akamurasaki-iro, “magenta”)
- 青緑色 (aomidori-iro, “cyan”)
- 灰色 (hai-iro, “dark gray”)
- 鼠色 (nezumi-iro, “light gray”)
- 鴇色 (toki-iro, “pink”)
- 縹色 (hanada-iro, “light indigo blue”)
- 栗色 (kuri-iro, “maroon”)
- 緋色 (hīro, “scarlet”)
- 茜色 (akane-iro, “madder (colour)”)
- 苺色 (ichigo-iro, “strawberry (colour)”)
- 鬱金色 (ukon-iro, “turmeric (dye)”)
- ココア色 (kokoa-iro, “cocoa (colour)”)
- 葡萄色 (budō-iro, “grape (colour)”)
- 檸檬色 (remon-iro, “lemon (colour)”)
- 金糸雀色 (kanaria-iro, “canary (colour)”)
- 芥子色 (karashi-iro, “mustard (colour)”)
- 琥珀色 (kohaku-iro, “amber”)
- 薔薇色 (bara-iro, “rose (colour)”)
- 十人十色 (jū-nin to-iro, “to each his own”)
Related terms
Adjective
色 • (iro) -na (adnominal 色な (iro na), adverbial 色に (iro ni))
- (archaic) of exceptional beauty of form or appearance
- Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- いろなる娘どもゐなみて
- ironaru musume domo inamite
- beautiful girls all in a row
- いろなる娘どもゐなみて
- Utsubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- (archaic) knowledgeable about lovemaking, sensual; lascivious, lecherous
- Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- 越前守色なる人にて
- echizenmori ironaru hito ni te
- Echizenmori was a man who liked the girls / had quite the libido
- 越前守色なる人にて
- Ochikubo Monogatari, late 10th c.:
- (archaic) elegant, tasteful, refined
- The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
- 目馴れずもある住まひの様かな色なる御心にはをかしくおぼしなさる
- menarezu mo aru sumahi no sama ka na ironaru okokoro ni wa okashiku oboshinasaru
- "I haven't seen it before, but it looks like a house," he thought bemusedly in his refined mind...
- 目馴れずもある住まひの様かな色なる御心にはをかしくおぼしなさる
- The Tale of Genji, early 11th c.:
Affix
- kin, blood relative, more specifically family members sharing the same mother
Usage notes
Only found in compounds.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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色 |
いろえ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
⟨iro2pe2⟩ → */irəpəj/ → /irofe/ → /iroe/
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical shimo nidan katsuyō verb 色う (irou, “to color something”).
Not used in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation
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Noun
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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色 |
しき Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.[1]
The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas
- 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
- 舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是。
- Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki, yaku bu nyoze.
- Sariputra, form is not different from emptiness; emptiness is not different from form. That which is form is empty; that which is emptiness is form. This is also true for sensation, perception, intention, and awareness.[2]
- 舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是。
- 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
- that which is visible of a thing, specifically form and color
- color (US), colour (UK)
Usage notes
Used extensively in compounds.
Derived terms
- 色界 (shikikai, “the material world”)
- 色彩 (shikisai, “coloring, coloration, hue, tint; color, mood, influence, leaning”)
- 色紙 (shikishi, “a square piece of cardboard used for painting or for writing poems”)
- 色調 (shikichō, “the coloring of a thing; a tone, shade, or hue”)
- 三色 (sanshiki)
- 縹色 (hyōshiki, “light indigo blue”)
See also
- 五蘊 (gōn, “five skandhas”): 色 (shiki, “rūpa”), 受 (ju, “vedanā”), 想 (sō, “saññā”), 行 (gyō, “saṅkhāra”), 識 (shiki, “viññāṇa”)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
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色 |
しょく Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.[1]
Pronunciation
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Affix
Usage notes
Used in compounds.
Derived terms
- 暗色 (anshoku, “a dark color”)
- 威嚇色 (ikaku-shoku, “a threatening color or pattern on an animal”)
- 異色 (ishoku, “of a different color; different from the norm”)
- 炎色 (enshoku), 焰色 (enshoku, “flame colour”)
- 怨色 (enshoku, “grudging look”)
- 演色 (enshoku, “colour rendering”)
- 艶色 (enshoku, “bewitching looks; beautiful colour”)
- 黄色 (ōshoku), 黄色 (kōshoku, “yellow”)
- 灰色 (kaishoku, “grey”)
- 褐色 (kasshoku, “dark brown”)
- 橄欖色 (kanran-shoku, “olive (colour)”)
- 好色 (kōshoku, “lasciviousness, lechery; lascivious, lecherous”)
- 紅色 (kōshoku, “crimson”)
- 行色 (kōshoku, “the state of being about to depart; natural scenery”)
- 黒色 (kokushoku, “black”)
- 紫色 (shishoku, “purple”)
- 赭色 (shashoku, “reddish-brown, auburn”)
- 青色 (seishoku, “blue”)
- 赤色 (sekishoku, “red”)
- 水色 (suishoku, “light blue”)
- 遜色 (sonshoku, “inferiority”)
- 橙色 (tōshoku, “orange (colour)”)
- 白色 (hakushoku, “white”)
- 明色 (meishoku, “a bright color”)
- 緑色 (ryokushoku, “green”)
Counter
- used to count the number of colors
- 三色刷り
- sanshoku suri
- three-color printing
- 三色刷り
Derived terms
- 三色 (sanshoku)
See also
白 (shiro) | 灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) (dated) |
黒 (kuro) |
赤 (aka); 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro), 茜色 (akaneiro) |
オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro); 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
黄色 (kiiro); クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) |
黄緑 (kimidori) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
若緑 (wakamidori) |
シアン (shian); 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 水色 (mizuiro) | 青 (ao) |
菫色 (sumireiro); 藍色 (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) |
マゼンタ (mazenta), 赤紫 (akamurasaki); 紫 (murasaki) |
ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Lua error in Module:languages/errorGetBy at line 16: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the parameter "1"; the value "2012" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages).
Korean
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 色 (sắc, sặc)
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Shuowen radicals
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Chinese nouns classified by 粒
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しき
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いろ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いろえ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いろへ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しこ
- Japanese terms spelled with 色 read as いろ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 色
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese informal terms
- Japanese slang
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms spelled with 色 read as いろえ
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 色 read as しき
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- ja:Buddhism
- Japanese terms spelled with 色 read as しょく
- Japanese counters
- Japanese basic words
- ja:Colors
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- CJKV radicals