少
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See also: 𣥂
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Translingual
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Alternative forms
[edit]- Note that in Japanese Kanji, Korean Hanja and Vietnamese Nom, the middle stroke of the top component 小 is written 亅 with a hook whereas in modern Chinese scripts the middle stroke is written 丨 with no downward hook.
Han character
[edit]少 (Kangxi radical 42, 小+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火竹 (FH), four-corner 90200, composition ⿱𡭔丿(GT) or ⿱小丿(HJKV))
Derived characters
[edit]- 𠃣, 仯, 吵, 妙, 㠺, 抄, 沙, 䏚, 杪, 炒, 玅, 眇, 砂, 秒, 竗, 𡭱, 粆, 紗(纱), 耖, 䖢, 觘, 訬, 赻, 䟞, 𨈘, 鈔(钞), 𡮓, 𡮘, 䩖, 𩖥, 𩚙, 𩡾, 尟, 尠, 𩨡, 𩲎, 㝺, 𡮞, 魦(𫚌), 麨(𪎊), 㝻, 𡮩, 𡮳, 𡮹
- 𠚺, 𨙹, 𣢒, 𬆠, 𨚈, 𨤢, 𪨄, 𡵯, 䒚, 𠀰, 䯯, 歩, 𣲦, 劣, 毟, 省, 𡭲, 𡭺, 雀, 㝹, 𡮯, 䲵
- 隲, 蠽, 𡂌, 𡮗, 𣻾
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 296, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7475
- Dae Jaweon: page 590, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 561, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5C11
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
少 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 少 |
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Shang |
Oracle bone script |
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Pictogram (象形) – four dots; few; little. Phonetically borrowed from 小 (OC *smewʔ, “small”), which is depicted by three dots.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sao4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шо (šo, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): seu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): sau2
- Northern Min (KCR): siǎu
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciēu / siēu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5sau / 3sau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sau3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄠˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǎo
- Wade–Giles: shao3
- Yale: shǎu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shao
- Palladius: шао (šao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sao4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sao
- Sinological IPA (key): /sau²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шо (šo, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɔ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: siu2
- Yale: síu
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu2
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: siau2
- Sinological IPA (key): /siau⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: seu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: séu
- Hakka Romanization System: seuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu3
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: sau2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sau⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siǎu
- Sinological IPA (key): /siau²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciēu / siēu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieu³³/, /sieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ciēu - colloquial;
- siēu - literary.
Note:
- chió - vernacular;
- siáu - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ziê2 / zio2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsié / tsió
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sie⁵²/, /t͡sio⁵²/
Note:
- ziê2 - Chaozhou, vernacular;
- zio2 - Shantou, vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: syewX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.t]ewʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmjewʔ/
Definitions
[edit]少
- few; little in number; less; not many
- weak; inadequate; insufficient
- † Alternative form of 小 (xiǎo, “small; tiny”)
- to lack; to be short of; to be deficient
- to reduce (the amount or extent); to weaken; to lose; to stop; to cease
- † to despise; to look down; to belittle
- slightly; moderately; a little; a bit
- seldom; rarely; infrequently
- in a little while; in a moment
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, neologism) slightly; somewhat
- 少癲/少癫 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― siu2 din1 [Jyutping] ― somewhat crazy
- Antonym: 大 (daai6)
- Alternative form: 小 (siu2)
- 5th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌊)
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 少 (“few; little in number”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 少 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 少 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 少 |
Taiwan | 少 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 少 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 少 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 少 |
Wuhan | 少 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 少 |
Hefei | 少 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 少 |
Hong Kong | 少 | |
Yangjiang | 少 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 少 |
Hakka | Meixian | 少 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 少 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 少 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 少 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 少 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 少 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 少 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 少 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 少 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 少 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 少 |
Jinjiang | 少 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 少 | |
Chaozhou | 少 | |
Puning | 減, 少 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 少 |
Ningbo | 缺 | |
Wenzhou | 少 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 少 |
Shuangfeng | 少 |
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “few”): 多 (duō)
Compounds
[edit]- 不在少數/不在少数 (bùzàishǎoshù)
- 不多不少
- 不少 (bùshǎo)
- 以少克眾/以少克众
- 僧多粥少 (sēngduōzhōushǎo)
- 兵少將微/兵少将微
- 最少 (zuìshǎo)
- 凶多吉少 (xiōngduōjíshǎo)
- 古今少有
- 多共少
- 多凶少吉
- 多多少少 (duōduōshǎoshǎo)
- 多少
- 多少是好
- 多退少補/多退少补
- 寡二少雙/寡二少双
- 寡恩少義/寡恩少义
- 寡情少義/寡情少义
- 寡聞少見/寡闻少见
- 寡見少聞/寡见少闻
- 少一缺二
- 少不了 (shàobuliǎo)
- 少不得
- 少之又少 (shǎozhīyòushǎo)
- 少來/少来 (shǎolái)
- 少候
- 少停
- 少刻 (shǎokè)
- 少吃無著/少吃无著
- 少坐
- 少安勿躁 (shǎo'ān wùzào)
- 少安毋躁
- 少安無躁/少安无躁
- 少少 (shǎoshǎo)
- 少差
- 少待
- 少心眼
- 少息 (shǎoxī)
- 少憩 (shǎoqì)
- 少懈
- 少敘/少叙
- 少數/少数 (shǎoshù)
- 少數民族/少数民族 (shǎoshù mínzú)
- 少日
- 少時/少时
- 少有 (shǎoyǒu)
- 少歇
- 少氣無力/少气无力
- 少焉
- 少禮/少礼 (xiǎolǐ)
- 少私寡慾/少私寡欲
- 少管閒事/少管闲事 (shǎoguǎnxiánshì)
- 少見/少见 (shǎojiàn)
- 少見多怪/少见多怪 (shǎojiànduōguài)
- 少親失眷/少亲失眷
- 少言寡語/少言寡语 (shǎoyánguǎyǔ)
- 少許/少许 (shǎoxǔ)
- 少調失教/少调失教
- 少量 (shǎoliàng)
- 少間/少间
- 少陪
- 少頃/少顷 (shǎoqǐng)
- 少頭無尾/少头无尾
- 少魂失魄
- 少魂沒識/少魂没识
- 很少 (hěnshǎo)
- 抵多少
- 會少離多/会少离多
- 沒多少/没多少
- 沉重少言
- 沉靜少言/沉静少言
- 沒魂少智/没魂少智
- 減少/减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
- 狼多肉少 (lángduōròushǎo)
- 疏謀少略/疏谋少略
- 眾少不敵/众少不敌
- 眾少成多/众少成多
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 稀少 (xīshǎo)
- 積少成多/积少成多 (jīshǎochéngduō)
- 粥少僧多
- 絕甘分少/绝甘分少
- 缺少 (quēshǎo)
- 缺斤少兩/缺斤少两 (quējīnshǎoliǎng)
- 缺衣少食 (quēyīshǎoshí)
- 至少 (zhìshǎo)
- 花多實少/花多实少
- 虛多實少/虚多实少
- 辭多受少/辞多受少
- 重厚少文
- 食少事煩/食少事烦
- 鮮少/鲜少 (xiǎnshǎo)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): siu3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): siéu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sau4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shào
- Wade–Giles: shao4
- Yale: shàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaw
- Palladius: шао (šao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: siu3
- Yale: siu
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu3
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: seu
- Hakka Romanization System: seu
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu4
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siéu
- Sinological IPA (key): /siɛu²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: sau4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɒu̯⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: syewH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-t]ewʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmjews/
Definitions
[edit]少
- young; youthful; juvenile
- later in a sequence; younger; youngest
- childhood; youth; young period
- young man; youngster; junior
- (historical) deputy; assistant
- (historical) young master of a rich family
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不良少年 (bùliáng shàonián)
- 五陵年少 (wǔlíngniánshào)
- 卻少/却少 (quèshào)
- 問題少年/问题少年
- 大少爺/大少爷 (dàshàoye)
- 太子少保
- 太子少師/太子少师
- 安老懷少/安老怀少
- 少不更事
- 少不經事/少不经事 (shàobùjīngshì)
- 少保
- 少傅
- 少像
- 少商
- 少壯/少壮 (shàozhuàng)
- 少女 (shàonǚ)
- 少女嫩婦/少女嫩妇 (shàonǚ nènfù)
- 少女情懷/少女情怀
- 少奶奶 (shàonǎinai)
- 少婦/少妇 (shàofù)
- 少子
- 少尉 (shàowèi)
- 少小
- 少師/少师
- 少年 (shàonián)
- 少年人
- 少年才俊
- 少年法庭
- 少年犯罪 (shàonián fànzuì)
- 少年組/少年组
- 少年老成
- 少年郎
- 少府 (shàofǔ)
- 少成若性
- 少昊
- 少東/少东 (shàodōng)
- 少林寺 (Shàolínsì)
- 少林拳 (Shàolínquán)
- 少林派
- 少棒
- 少爺/少爷 (shàoyé)
- 少牢 (shàoláo)
- 少白頭/少白头 (shàobáitóu)
- 少艾 (shào'ài)
- 嵩少
- 年少 (niánshào)
- 年少得志
- 年少氣盛/年少气盛
- 惡少/恶少 (èshào)
- 慘綠少年/惨绿少年
- 盧家少婦/卢家少妇
- 空中少爺/空中少爷 (kōngzhōng shàoyé)
- 老少 (lǎoshào)
- 老少一同
- 老少咸宜 (lǎoshàoxiányí)
- 老少年
- 老少無欺/老少无欺
- 老少男女 (lǎoshàonánnǚ)
- 老少配
- 老的少的
- 老老少少
- 老醫少卜/老医少卜
- 荷花大少
- 虞犯少年
- 裙屐少年
- 裴少俊
- 資淺齒少/资浅齿少
- 遺少/遗少
- 闊少/阔少 (kuòshào)
- 青少年 (qīngshàonián)
- 青少棒
References
[edit]- “少”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]少
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←せう (seu, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←せう (seu, historical)
- Kun: すくない (sukunai, 少ない, Jōyō); すこし (sukoshi, 少し, Jōyō); しばらく (shibaraku, 少く)
Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [소(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]少: Hán Việt readings: thiếu[1][2][3][4][5][6], thiểu[1][2][3][4][5][6]
少: Nôm readings: thiếu[1][2][3], thiểu[1][2][3], thểu[2], thỉu[2], thẹo[3], thẻo[3], ít[2]
- chữ Hán form of thiếu (“lack, short on”).
- Nôm form of ít (“few, little”).
- Nôm form of thẹo (“scar”).
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Trần (1999).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nguyễn (1974).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
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