死

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

死 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP), four-corner 1021₂, composition ⿸歹匕 or ⿱一⿰夕匕)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16365
• Dae Jaweon: page 970, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1380, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6B7B

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Chinese

trad.		死
simp. #		死

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 死
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 歺 + 人. Variant forms: 𣦸, 𣦹; 𠒁, 𠑾, 𦭀.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 死

1. to die, to pass away

   • 佢兩年前已經死咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     佢两年前已经死咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     keoi⁵ loeng⁵ nin⁴ cin⁴ ji⁵ ging¹ sei² zo². [Jyutping]

     He already died two years ago.

2. death; dying; passing
3. to disappear; to go

   • 嗰枝死人原子筆死咗去邊呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
     嗰枝死人原子笔死咗去边呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]

     go² zi¹ sei² jan⁴ jyun⁴ zi² bat¹ sei² zo² heoi³ bin¹ aa³? [Jyutping]

     Where's that goddamn pen?

   • 你這個死人死到哪裡去了，打手機也不接。 [MSC, trad.]
     你这个死人死到哪里去了，打手机也不接。 [MSC, simp.]

     Nǐ zhège sǐrén sǐ dào nǎlǐ qù le, dǎ shǒujī yě bù jiē. [Pinyin]

     Where the hell have you been? Why are you not answering my calls? (said by wife)

4. dead; deceased
5. (colloquial) dead; totally
   • 我累死了。  ―  Wǒ lèi sǐ le.  ―  I'm dead tired.
6. Short for 死人.
   • 嘈死！ [Cantonese]  ―  cou⁴ sei²! [Jyutping]  ―  You're being really noisy!
7. (offensive) damned; damn

   • 呢個死阿伯唔識揸車。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     呢个死阿伯唔识揸车。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     nei¹ go³ sei² aa³ baak³ m⁴ sik¹ zaa¹ ce¹. [Jyutping]

     This damn geezer can't drive.

   • 死鬼佬 [Cantonese]  ―  sei² gwai² lou² [Jyutping]  ―  goddamn white
8. to death
   • 餓死／饿死  ―  èsǐ  ―  to die of starvation
   • 打死  ―  dǎsǐ  ―  to beat to death
9. (Cantonese) awful, shameful, wrong (Can we [[#死|verify]]^{([{{fullurl:|action=edit&section=new&preload=Template:rfv-sense/preload$1&preloadparams%5B%5D=%3Cstrong+class%3D%22error%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22scribunto-error%22+id%3D%22mw-scribunto-error-e34ed50d%22%3ELua+error+in+Module%3Alanguages%2Ftemplates+at+%5B%5BModule%3Alanguages%2Ftemplates%23L-18%7Cline+18%5D%5D%3A+Parameter+1+is+required.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fstrong%3E&preloadtitle=%5B%5B%E6%AD%BB%23rfv-sense-notice-{{{1}}}-%7c%E6%AD%BB%5D%5D}} +])} this sense?)

Synonyms

• (to die): 過身／过身 (guòshēn), (Cantonese, slang) 瓜 (gwaa1), (Cantonese, slang) 釘／钉 (deng1)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

死

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. death
2. to die

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: し.ぬ (死ぬ, shi.nu), ころ.す (死す, koro.su) Template:non-joyo-reading

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
死
し Grade: 3
on'yomi

Appears to be a conflation of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 死 (sij^X) (compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin reading sǐ) with an (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese root that happened to have a similar pronunciation to the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese and was probably cognate with 去る (saru, “to go, to go away”).

In kanji compounds, this would be considered as on'yomi; on its own, this could be considered as either on'yomi or kun'yomi.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) し [shíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Noun

死(し) • (shi) 

1. death

Derived terms

Derived terms

Kun'yomi:

• 死(し)ぬ (shinu): to die

On'yomi:

• 死因(しいん) (shiin): cause of death
• 死王(しおう) (shiō): a dead king
• 死王(しおう) (Shiō): the Buddhist king of the dead
• 死火(しか) (shika): a dead flame, a fire that has gone out; (Buddhism) the flame of death
• 死火山(しかざん) (shikazan): an extinct volcano
• 死花(しか) (shika): paper flowers used for a funeral
• 死花花(しかばな) (shikabana): a decoration used at funerals consisting of white paper fringes on vertical stakes
• 死貨(しか) (shika): a currency that is no longer circulated; any asset that is hoarded and not circulated
• 死海(しかい) (Shikai): the Dead Sea
• 死灰(しかい) (shikai): cold, dead ashes; the ashes remaining after cremation
• 死界(しかい) (shikai): the underworld, the world of the dead; a blind spot, somewhere out of view
• 死骸(しがい) (shigai): a corpse, a cadaver; a carcass
• 死角(しかく) (shikaku): a blind spot, somewhere out of view; dead ground where launched projectiles do not fall
• 死学(しがく) (shigaku): a field of study that has no practical use
• 死活(しかつ) (shikatsu): life and death
• 死勘定(しかんじょう) (shi kanjō): a dead account, a trading account that has no activity
• 死期(しき) (shiki), 死期(しご) (shigo): the time of death, the moment of one's death
• 死球(しきゅう) (shikyū): in baseball, a pitch that hits the batter, resulting in a free walk
• 死去(しきょ) (shikyo): one's death, one's passing
• 死境(しきょう) (shikyō): one's place of death; a deadly place
• 死菌(しきん) (shikin): a dead bacterium or inactive virus used as the basis for a vaccine
• 死句(しく) (shiku): a plain phrase or line in a poem, containing no implied meanings; (Buddhism) an ascetic's unsaid words or phrases, due to mental mistakes
• 死苦(しく) (shiku): (Buddhism) the sufferings of death
• 死刑(しけい) (shikei): capital punishment, the death penalty, execution
• 死結(しけつ) (shiketsu): a kind of fragrant wood used in incense that is only fragrant years after harvesting
• 死後(しご) (shigo): the time after one's death
• 死語(しご) (shigo): a dead language
• 死罪(しざい) (shizai): a capital crime, a capital punishment
• 死屍(しし) (shishi): a dead body, a corpse
• 死守(ししゅ) (shishu): defense to the last man
• 不死(ふし) (fushi): undying, immortality
• 不老不死(ふろうふし) (furō fushi): agelessness and immortality
• 死所(ししょ) (shisho): a place of death, the place where one dies
• 死生(ししょう) (shishō), 死生(しせい) (shisei): life and death
• 死相(しそう) (shisō): an appearance as if one were already dead, the shadow of death, the look of death
• 死蔵(しぞう) (shizō): putting something away and never using it
• 死地(しち) (shichi): a dead place; a place so dangerous that one expects to die there
• 死闘(しとう) (shitō): a fight to the death
• 死人(しにん) (shinin): a dead personl; a corpse
• 死者(ししゃ) (shisha): the dead
• 死体(したい) (shitai): a cadaver
• 死物(しぶつ) (shibutsu): something unused, useless, or unusable
• 死文(しぶん) (shibun): a dead law, a law that is on the books but never enforced; a document that is purely formal and empty of meaning
• 死別(しべつ) (shibetsu): bereavement
• 死没(しぼつ) (shibotsu): death, dying
• 死命(しめい) (shimei): life and death, fate
• 死霊(しりょう) (shiryō), 死霊(しれい) (shirei): the spirit of a dead person, a ghost
• 死力(しりょく) (shiryoku): strength or exertion as if one were avoiding imminent death: with all one's might
• 死去(しきょ) (shikyo): passing, death
• 死刑(しけい) (shikei): the death penalty, execution
• 死傷(ししょう) (shishō): a mortal wound or injury, casualty
• 死亡(しぼう) (shibō): passing, death
• 死滅(しめつ) (shimetsu): extinction, dying out
• 頓死(とんし) (tonshi): sudden death

Verb

死(し)する • (shi suru) suru (stem 死(し)し (shi shi), past 死(し)した (shi shita))

1. to die

   Considered somewhat more archaic or formal than 死ぬ (shinu).

Conjugation

Conjugation of "死する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	死し	しし	shi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	死し	しし	shi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	死する	しする	shi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	死する	しする	shi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	死すれ	しすれ	shi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	死せよ¹ 死しろ²	しせよ¹ ししろ²	shi seyo¹ shi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	死される	しされる	shi sareru
Causative	死させる 死さす	しさせる しさす	shi saseru shi sasu
Potential	死できる	しできる	shi dekiru
Volitional	死しよう	ししよう	shi shiyō
Negative	死しない	ししない	shi shinai
Negative continuative	死せず	しせず	shi sezu
Formal	死します	しします	shi shimasu
Perfective	死した	しした	shi shita
Conjunctive	死して	しして	shi shite
Hypothetical conditional	死すれば	しすれば	shi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
死
しに Grade: 3
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu, “to die”).

Noun

死(しに) • (shini) 

1. death, dying

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 死後(しにあと) (shiniato): the time after one's death, particularly referring to the time after the death of one's spouse
• 死一倍(しにいちばい) (shiniichibai): a kind of loan whereby the borrower must repay double the loan amount upon the death of the borrower's parents and subsequent inheritance of parental assets
• 死軍(しにいくさ) (shinīkusa): a fight to the death
• 死絵(しにえ) (shinie): a print or poster of a famous actor created on the occasion of that actor's death, noting the actor's posthumous name, place of burial, and time of death
• 死顔(しにがお) (shinigao): the face or facial expression of a dead person
• 死覚悟(しにかくご) (shinikakugo): being prepared to die, readiness to die
• 死学問(しにがくもん) (shinigakumon): a field of study that has no practical use
• 死掛(しにかけ) (shinikake): dying, the act of dying
• 死金(しにがね) (shinigane): money saved in reserve to cover the costs of one's own death; money that is hoarded but not used; money spent to no effect, wasted money
• 死神(しにがみ) (shinigami): the god of death, Death
• 死極(しにぎわめ) (shinigiwame): determination or resolution to die
• 死狂(しにぐるい) (shinigurui): crazy enough to die; crazy because one is unready to die and fears death
• 死気(しにげ) (shinige): a sense of death, deathliness
• 死業(しにごう) (shinigō): the karma of one's previous life that causes one's death in this life; a death attributed to karma
• 死外(しにはずれ) (shinihazure): the act of just barely avoiding death
• 死花(しにばな) (shinibana): posthumous fame or honor; an exceptional and memorable way of dying

Prefix

死(しに) or 死(prefix) • (shini or prefix) [[Category:Japanese
|しに]]

1. bloody, stupid, goddamn

   Used as a negative or pejorative intensifier.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 死戯(しにたわけ) (shinitawake): bloody foolishness, goddamn messing around

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Korean

Hanja

死 • (sa) (hangeul 사, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

1. die
2. death

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 死 (tử, long)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• tử vong [死亡]
• tự tử [自死]