死: difference between revisions

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m →‎Pronunciation: added "c=" (Cantonese) reading "si2" to /zh-pron/ template
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# to [[disappear]]; to [[go]]
# to [[disappear]]; to [[go]]
#* {{zh-x|嗰 枝 死人 原子筆 '''死''' 咗 去 邊 呀？|Where's that goddamn pen?|C-GZ}}
#* {{zh-x|嗰 枝 死人 原子筆 '''死''' 咗 去 邊 呀？|Where's that goddamn pen?|C-GZ}}
#* {{zh-x|你 這個 死人 '''死''' 到 哪裡 去 了，打 手機 也 不 接|Where the hell have you '''been'''? Why are you not answering my calls? (said by wife)}}
#* {{zh-x|你 這個 死人 '''死''' 到 哪裡 去 了，打 手機 也 不 接。|Where the hell have you '''been'''? Why are you not answering my calls? (said by wife)}}
# [[dead]]; [[deceased]]
# [[dead]]; [[deceased]]
# {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[dead]]; [[totally]]
# {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[dead]]; [[totally]]
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#* {{zh-x|餓死|to '''die''' of starvation}}
#* {{zh-x|餓死|to '''die''' of starvation}}
#* {{zh-x|打死|to beat '''to death'''}}
#* {{zh-x|打死|to beat '''to death'''}}
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese}} [[awful]], [[shameful]], [[wrong]] {{attention|yue|or something like this... 15:06, 27 December 2015 (UTC)}}
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese}} [[awful]], [[shameful]], [[wrong]] {{rfv-sense}} {{attention|yue|or something like this... 15:06, 27 December 2015 (UTC)}}


====Synonyms====
====Synonyms====

Revision as of 00:35, 25 May 2016

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order
6 strokes

死 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP), four-corner 10212, composition ⿸歹匕 or ⿱一⿰夕匕)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16365
  • Dae Jaweon: page 970, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1380, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6B7B

Chinese

trad. 死
simp. # 死

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 死
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 歺 + 人. Variant forms: 𣦸, 𣦹; 𠒁, 𠑾, 𦭀.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj.

Pronunciation

Note: sí - vernacular, sú - literary.
Note:
  • 2xi - colloquial;
  • 2sr - literary.
    Rime
    Character 死
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 脂 (17)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息姊切
    Baxter sijX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sˠiɪX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sᵚiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/siɪX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sjiX/
    Li
    Rong         		/sjiX/
    Wang
    Li         		/siX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/siX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sǐ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 死
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sijX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sijʔ/
    English die (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 死
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12006
    Phonetic
    component         		死
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		死
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hljiʔ/

    Definitions

    (deprecated template usage) 死

    1. to die, to pass away
    2. death; dying; passing
    3. to disappear; to go
    4. dead; deceased
    5. (colloquial) dead; totally
      • 我累死了。  ―  Wǒ lèi sǐ le.  ―  I'm dead tired.
    6. Short for 死人.
      • 嘈死！ [Cantonese]  ―  cou4 sei2! [Jyutping]  ―  You're being really noisy!
    7. (offensive) damned; damn
    8. to death
      • 餓死／饿死  ―  èsǐ  ―  to die of starvation
      • 打死  ―  dǎsǐ  ―  to beat to death
    9. (Cantonese) awful, shameful, wrong (Can we [[Lua error in Module:languages/errorGetBy at line 16: Please specify a language code in the first parameter; the value "{{{1}}}" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages).#死|verify]]([{{fullurl:Lua error in Module:languages/errorGetBy at line 16: Please specify a language code in the first parameter; the value "{{{1}}}" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages).|action=edit&section=new&preload=Template:rfv-sense/preload$1&preloadparams%5B%5D=%3Cstrong+class%3D%22error%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22scribunto-error%22+id%3D%22mw-scribunto-error-a3f279cd%22%3ELua+error+in+Module%3Alanguages%2Ftemplates+at+%5B%5BModule%3Alanguages%2Ftemplates%23L-18%7Cline+18%5D%5D%3A+Parameter+1+is+required.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fstrong%3E&preloadtitle=%5B%5B%E6%AD%BB%23rfv-sense-notice-{{{1}}}-%7c%E6%AD%BB%5D%5D}} +]) this sense?)Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "{{{1}}}" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.

    Synonyms

    • (to die): 過身／过身 (guòshēn), (Cantonese, slang) 瓜 (gwaa1), (Cantonese, slang) 釘／钉 (deng1)

    Compounds

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    (deprecated template usage)

    Japanese

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji

    死

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. death
    2. to die

    Readings

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    死
    し
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    Appears to be a conflation of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 死 (sijX) (compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin reading sǐ) with an (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese root that happened to have a similar pronunciation to the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese and was probably cognate with 去る (saru, “to go, to go away”).

    In kanji compounds, this would be considered as on'yomi; on its own, this could be considered as either on'yomi or kun'yomi.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    死(し) • (shi) 

    1. death
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    Kun'yomi:

    On'yomi:

    Verb

    死(し)する • (shi suru) suru (stem 死(し)し (shi shi), past 死(し)した (shi shita))

    1. to die
      Considered somewhat more archaic or formal than 死ぬ (shinu).
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "死する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 死し しし shi shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 死し しし shi shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 死する しする shi suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 死する しする shi suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 死すれ しすれ shi sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 死せよ¹
    死しろ²         		しせよ¹
    ししろ²         		shi seyo¹
    shi shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 死される しされる shi sareru
    Causative 死させる
    死さす         		しさせる
    しさす         		shi saseru
    shi sasu
    Potential 死できる しできる shi dekiru
    Volitional 死しよう ししよう shi shiyō
    Negative 死しない ししない shi shinai
    Negative continuative 死せず しせず shi sezu
    Formal 死します しします shi shimasu
    Perfective 死した しした shi shita
    Conjunctive 死して しして shi shite
    Hypothetical conditional 死すれば しすれば shi sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    死
    しに
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu, “to die”).[1][4]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

    死(しに) • (shini) 

    1. death, dying
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    Prefix

    死(しに) or 死(prefix) • (shini or prefix) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
    |しに]]

    1. bloody, stupid, goddamn
      Used as a negative or pejorative intensifier.
    Derived terms
    Derived terms

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean

    Hanja

    死 • (sa) (hangeul 사, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

    1. die
    2. death

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    (deprecated template usage) 死 (tử, long)

    1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds

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