на

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Avar

Noun

на (na)

  1. bee

Bashkir

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [nɑ]
  • Hyphenation: на (one syllable)

Interjection

на (na)

  1. (directed at a horse) giddyup, gee up, move on!, go faster!

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

Preposition

на (na)

  1. on, onto

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

Preposition

на (na)

  1. used to express possession, of, 's
    София е столицата на България.
    Sofija e stolicata na Bǎlgarija.
    Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria.
    къщата на баща ми
    kǎštata na bašta mi
    my father's house
  2. used to indicate the indirect object, to (or it's not translated)
    Дай го на Петър.
    Daj go na Petǎr.
    Give it to Peter.
    Дай на Петър една книга.
    Daj na Petǎr edna kniga.
    Give Peter a book.
  3. used with nouns formed from intransitive verbs to indicate the subject of the action, of
    пристигането на гостите
    pristiganeto na gostite
    the arrival of the guests
    избухването на войната
    izbuhvaneto na vojnata
    the outbreak of the war
  4. used with nouns formed from transitive verbs to indicate the direct object of the action, of
    четенето на книгата
    četeneto na knigata
    the reading of the book
    изобретяването на компютъра
    izobretjavaneto na kompjutǎra
    the invention of the computer
  5. used with some verbs such as уча, мириша, etc. to give a description of the action
    Дъхът му миришеше на чесън.
    Dǎhǎt mu mirišeše na česǎn.
    His breath smelt of garlic.
    Опитът ни на бежанци ни научи на много ценни уроци.
    Opitǎt ni na bežanci ni nauči na mnogo cenni uroci.
    Our experience as refugees taught us many valuable lessons.
  6. positioned at the upper surface of, within the limits of, on, on, at, in
    Книгата е на масата.
    Knigata e na masata.
    The book is on the table.
    на двораna dvorain the yard
    на мореna moreat the seaside
    на планинаna planinain the mountain
    на сватбаna svatbaat a wedding
    на северna severin the north
    на улицатаna ulicatain the street
    на училище съмna učilište sǎmto be at school
    седя на масатаsedja na masatato sit at the table
  7. used to show direction, to, on
    Отивам на плажа.
    Otivam na plaža.
    I'm going to the beach.
    на ляво/дясноna ljavo/djasnoon the left/right
  8. used to indicate destination, in the direction of, and arriving at, on, to, for
    отивам на училищеotivam na učilišteto go to school
    отивам на работаotivam na rabotato go to work
    отивам на почивкаotivam na počivkato go on a holiday
    отивам на разходкаotivam na razhodkato go for a walk
    ходя на лов/риба/ски/покупкиhodja na lov/riba/ski/pokupkito go hunting/fishing/skiing/shopping
  9. used to introduce a noun phrase that describes the verb, or if it is a linking verb, to describe the subject of the verb
    Времето е на дъжд.
    Vremeto e na dǎžd.
    It looks like rain.
    Вятърът духа на пролет.
    Vjatǎrǎt duha na prolet.
    The wind is blowing like spring is coming.
    да обичаш на инат
    da običaš na inat
    to love stubbornly
  10. used to show a reason or cause, for
    Събрахме се на вечеря.
    Sǎbrahme se na večerja.
    We gathered for dinner.
    Занесох колелото си на поправка.
    Zanesoh koleloto si na popravka.
    I took my bike in for repair.
  11. used with certain time expressions to show when something happens, on, at, in (or it is not translated)
    Роден на 4 юли.
    Roden na 4 juli.
    Born on 4 July.
    На следващия ден имах изпит.
    Na sledvaštija den imah izpit.
    I had an exam (on) the following day.
    На сутринта имах ужасен махмурлук.
    Na sutrinta imah užasen mahmurluk.
    I had a terrible hangover in the morning.
    на залез слънцеna zalez slǎnceat sunset
    на часаna časaimmediately/at once
  12. used to introduce a verbal noun and to indicate that the action described by the verbal noun happens at the same time as another action, while, when
    На тръгване го погледна още веднъж.
    Na trǎgvane go pogledna ošte vednǎž.
    While she was leaving, she looked at him once more.
    На връщане минахме по по-кратък път.
    Na vrǎštane minahme po po-kratǎk pǎt.
    When we were coming back we took a shortcut.
  13. used with от to indicate the period over which something happens, to
    от време на времеot vreme na vremefrom time to time
    от ден на денot den na denfrom day to day
  14. used to show the circumstances under which something happens, with, in
    спя на запалена лампаspja na zapalena lampato sleep with the light on
    стоя на студено/топлоstoja na studeno/toploto stay in a cold/warm place
  15. used to show age, at
    Тя е на 12 години.
    Tja e na 12 godini.
    She is 12 years old.
    Той се ожени на 28.
    Toj se oženi na 28.
    He got married at 28.
    на 20-годишна възраст
    na 20-godišna vǎzrast
    at the age of 20
  16. used to indicate the distance away from something, at (or it is not translated)
    на една ръка разстояниеna edna rǎka razstojanieat arm's length
    Той стоеше на няколко метра от мен.
    Toj stoeše na njakolko metra ot men.
    He was standing a few metres away from me.
  17. used to indicate the quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something, by
    продавам на метър/литърprodavam na metǎr/litǎrto sell by the metre/litre
    работя на парчеrabotja na parčeto work by the piece
  18. used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something, by
    Лесно е да обърнеш 2 на 2 матрица.
    Lesno e da obǎrneš 2 na 2 matrica.
    It is easy to invert a 2 by 2 matrix.
    Стаята беше около 4 на 6 фута.
    Stajata beše okolo 4 na 6 futa.
    The room was about 4 feet by 6 feet.
    Използвахме 10 на 20 на 30 сантиметрови тухли, за да построим станата.
    Izpolzvahme 10 na 20 na 30 santimetrovi tuhli, za da postroim stanata.
    We used 10 by 20 by 30 cm bricks to build the wall.
  19. used to indicate the rate at which something happens, per, by, a
    два пъти на ден/месец/годинаdva pǎti na den/mesec/godinatwice a day/mouth/year
    на главаna glavaper capita/head
    Плащат им на час.
    Plaštat im na čas.
    They are paid by the hour.
    по пет лева на човек
    po pet leva na čovek
    for five levs each/apiece/per head
  20. used to indicate the parts into which something is divided, in, into, by
    разделям на двеrazdeljam na dveto divide in two
    режа на парчетаreža na parčetato cut into pieces
    6 делено на 2 прави 3.
    6 deleno na 2 pravi 3.
    6 divided by 2 equals 3.
  21. used to show how or in what way something is done, by, in
    Учениците пристигнаха на малки групи.
    Učenicite pristignaha na malki grupi.
    The students arrived in small groups.
    на голоna goloon one's bare skin/next to the skin
    на делоna deloin practice
    на теорияna teorijain theory
    на ръкаna rǎkaby hand
    на дребноna drebnoretail
    на едроna edrowholesale
    на кръстna krǎstcrosswise
    на шегаna šegafor fun
  22. used to indicate a change in state, to, into
    ставам на прахstavam na prahto turn into dust
    счупвам се на парчетаsčupvam se na parčetato break into pieces
    преструвам се на някогоprestruvam se na njakogoto impersonate someone
    правя се на боленpravja se na bolento feign illness
  23. used to indicate an instrument
    работя на машинаrabotja na mašinato run/operate a machine
    свиря на пианоsvirja na pianoto play (on) the piano
    гледам на картиgledam na kartito tell a fortune using cards
    гледам на кафеgledam na kafeto tell a fortune using coffee
    броя на пръстиbroja na prǎstito count on one's fingers
  24. used to indicate a game
    играя на шахigraja na šahto play (at) chess
  25. near, close to
    Суматранските тигри са на изчезване.
    Sumatranskite tigri sa na izčezvane.
    Sumatran tigers are near extinction.
    Припасите ни са на свършване.
    Pripasite ni sa na svǎršvane.
    Our supplies are running low.
  26. used to indicate a language, a way of speaking, etc., in
    Кажи го на английски.
    Kaži go na anglijski.
    Say it in English.
    Той говореше на висок глас.
    Toj govoreše na visok glas.
    He spoke in a loud voice.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

Particle

на (na)

  1. (informal) used when giving something to someone, here you are, take it
    На ти парите!
    Na ti parite!
    Take the money!
    На ти!
    Na ti!
    Take that!
  2. (informal) used to express unexpectedness
    Говорим за Мария и на — тя насреща.
    Govorim za Marija i na — tja nasrešta.
    Speaking of Maria — here she is.

Karaim

Alternative forms

  • na (Latin)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection

на (transliteration needed)

  1. here you are! take it!

Komi-Zyrian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈna/, [ˈnä]
  • Hyphenation: на

Etymology 1

From Proto-Permic *na. Cognate with Udmurt на (na).

Adverb

на (na)

  1. still, yet

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian на (na).

Particle

на (na)

  1. here! there you go!

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

на (na)

  1. short form of найӧ (najö)
Usage notes
  • Used either when preceding a postposition or when modifying a noun.
Declension
Declension of на
singular plural
long nominative сійӧ (sijö) найӧ (najö)
short nominative сы (sy) на (na)
accusative сійӧс (sijös) найӧс (najös)
instrumental сыӧн (syön) наӧн (naön)
comitative сыкӧд (syköd) накӧд (naköd)
caritive сытӧг (sytög) натӧг (natög)
consecutive сыла (syla) нала (nala)
genitive сылӧн (sylön) налӧн (nalön)
ablative сылысь (sylyś) налысь (nalyś)
dative сылы (syly) налы (naly)
inessive сыын (syyn) наын (nayn)
elative сыысь (syyś) наысь (nayś)
illative сыӧ (syö) наӧ (naö)
egressive сысянь (syśań) насянь (naśań)
approximative сылань (sylań) налань (nalań)
terminative сыӧдз (syödź) наӧдз (naödź)
prolative сыӧд (syöd) наӧд (naöd)
сыті (syti) наті (nati)
See also
Komi-Zyrian personal pronouns
1st 2nd 3rd
long short
singular ме (me) тэ (te) сійӧ (sijö) сы (sy)
plural ми (mi) ті (ti) найӧ (najö) на (na)
formal Ті (Ti)

References

  • Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 102
  • L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, pages 414-415

Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [na]
  • Audio:(file)

Preposition

на (na)

  1. on (surface)
    Парите се на масата.Parite se na masata.The money is on the table.
  2. on, at (attending something)
    На концерт сум.Na koncert sum.I'm at a concert.
  3. of
    Скопје е главен град на Македонија.Skopje e glaven grad na Makedonija.Skopje is the capital of Macedonia.
    Изгоре куќата на сестра ми.Izgore kuḱata na sestra mi.My sister's house burnt down.
  4. to (indirect object)
    Дај му го писмово на син ти.Daj mu go pismovo na sin ti.Give this letter to your son.

Particle

на (na)

  1. (rude) here you are (handing someone something)

Nanai

Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *nā, compare Manchu ᠨᠠ (na).

Noun

на (na)

  1. earth
  2. land

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-. Cognates Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, on, up).

Preposition

на (na)

  1. onto, on
  2. into, in

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

собака на пне (a dog on a stump)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [nə]
  • IPA(key): [nɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
  • IPA(key): [ˈna] (when stressed)
  • Audio (stressed):(file)

Preposition

на (na)

  1. (+accusative)
    1. onto, on
      на столna stolonto the table
      Поста́вь/Положи́ таре́лку на стол.Postávʹ/Položí tarélku na stol.Put the plate onto the table.
      Я сел на стул.Ja sel na stul.I sat on a chair.
      Я сел на́ полJa sel polI sat on the floor.
      Я наступи́л на что-то.Ja nastupíl na što-to.I stepped on something.
      Я наступи́л на ми́ну.Ja nastupíl na mínu.I stepped on a mine.
      Я на тебя случа́йно наступи́л, извини́.Ja na tebja slučájno nastupíl, izviní.I stepped on you accidentally, sorry.
      Я наступи́л на жва́чку.Ja nastupíl na žváčku.I stepped in chewing-gum.
      Твоё пальто́ виси́т на крючке́ на стене́.Tvojó palʹtó visít na krjučké na stené.Your coat is hung on the hook on the wall.
      Не хочу́, что́бы на меня́ пове́сили уби́йство.Ne xočú, štóby na menjá povésili ubíjstvo.I don't want the murder to be pinned on me.
    2. (places, only certain nouns) nearby, by (in the sense of near). Interchangeable with у (which requires genitive case).
      Мы живём на мо́ре/реке́/о́зере, в кото́ром/кото́рой/кото́ром живёт мно́го рыб.
      My živjóm na móre/reké/ózere, v kotórom/kotóroj/kotórom živjót mnógo ryb.
      We live by a sea/river/lake in which many fish live.
    3. to, toward
      на по́чтуna póčtuto the post office
      Всё, я ухожу на работу.Vsjo, ja uxožu na rabotu.That's it, I'm leaving to work.
      Он дви́нулся на се́вер, зате́м обра́тно.On dvínulsja na séver, zatém obrátno.He moved north then back.
      А е́сли Герма́ния дви́нется на нас?A jésli Germánija dvínetsja na nas?What if Germany moves towards us?
      У тебя́ две мину́ты на сбо́ры.U tebjá dve minúty na sbóry.You have two minutes to pack [your belongings].
      На́ша благотвори́тельная компа́ния напра́влена на улучше́ние ми́ра.Náša blagotvorítelʹnaja kompánija naprávlena na ulučšénije míra.Our charitable organisation is aimed at improving the world.
    4. to set out for (in the sense "to start an activity with the intention of finishing it"), to go for
      Не иди́ на э́того драко́на, ты его́ не смо́жешь уби́ть пока́, тебе́ на́до снача́ла тот квест вы́полнить.
      Ne idí na étovo drakóna, ty jevó ne smóžešʹ ubítʹ poká, tebé nádo snačála tot kvest výpolnitʹ.
      Don't go for that dragon, you can't kill it yet, you need to complete that other quest first.
      Ну ла́дно, я прокача́лся доста́точно, так что (пойду́) на гла́вного бо́сса сейча́с я.
      Nu ládno, ja prokačálsja dostátočno, tak što (pojdú) na glávnovo bóssa sejčás ja.
      Okay, I've levelled up enough, and now I'm [set out] for the final boss.
      Эй! Не на́до на меня́! Я же твой сою́зник.
      Ej! Ne nádo na menjá! Ja že tvoj sojúznik.
      Hey! Don't [attack] me (don't [go] after me)! I'm your teammate.
    5. (duration, value, purpose) for
      На что?Na što?What for?
      Э́то тебе́ на уда́чу!Éto tebé na udáču!This is for you for good luck!
      Я на тебя́ 500 рубле́й поста́вил, не подведи́ меня́.Ja na tebjá 500 rubléj postávil, ne podvedí menjá.I've bet 500 roubles on you, don't let me down.
      Пода́йте на пропита́ние!Podájte na propitánije!Give [us] [something; money, food, etc.] to eat!
      На кого́ рабо́таешь? На Алексе́я?Na kovó rabótaješʹ? Na Alekséja?Whom do you work for? For Alexey?
    6. about, for
      Он объяви́л програ́мму на сле́дующий день.On obʺjavíl prográmmu na slédujuščij denʹ.He announced a program for the next day.
    7. (mathematics) over, by, divided by
      Шесть де́лится на триэто два.Šestʹ délitsja na tri — eto dva.Six divided by three is two.
      Пять на два не де́литсяPjatʹ na dva ne délitsjaFive is not divisible by two.
    8. (time) in, for
      На сего́дня всё!Na sevódnja vsjo!That's all for today!
      На за́втра тебе тако́е зада́ние.Na závtra tebe takóje zadánije.Here is a task [to be completed] for tomorrow.
      Хо́чешь оста́ться тут на сего́дня?Xóčešʹ ostátʹsja tut na sevódnja?Would you like to stay here for the day (i.e. until tomorrow)?
      Придёшь на сле́дующую неделю?Pridjóšʹ na slédujuščuju nedelju?Will you come for next week (i.e. stay the whole week)?
  2. (+prepositional)
    1. on, upon
      на столе́na stoléon the table
      Сижу́ на сту́ле.Sižú na stúle.I'm sitting on a chair.
      Он (сиди́т) на герои́не.On (sidít) na geroíne.He's on heroin.
    2. (only with certain nouns) in, at
      на по́чтеna póčteat the post office
      Извини́те, он сейча́с на рабо́те.Izviníte, on sejčás na rabóte.Sorry, he's at work now.
      на заво́деna zavódeat the factory
      на балко́неna balkónein the (inside) balcony (of a theatre)
      Стра́на стои́т на краю́ бе́здны.Strána stoít na krajú bézdny.The country is at the brink of an abyss.
      на Украи́неna Ukraínein Ukraine
    3. by (using a means of transport to get somewhere (while в is just 'to be in something'))
      Мы обы́чно на авто́бусе, и вот тепе́рь опя́ть на нём; сиди́м в нём, стои́м, иногда́ пры́гаем.
      My obýčno na avtóbuse, i vot tepérʹ opjátʹ na njom; sidím v njom, stoím, inogdá prýgajem.
      We usually go by bus, and now we're [going] by it again; we're sitting in it, standing, sometimes jumping.
    4. runs/operates only because of someone/something; works on, runs on
      Да на нём полфи́рмы стои́т, а то и вся, не дай бог с ним что случи́тся.
      Da na njom polfírmy stoít, a to i vsja, ne daj bog s nim što slučítsja.
      Half of the company is surviving thanks to him, if not all, god forbid something happens to him.
      Их компа́ния стои́т на строи́телях, а они́жа́динысидя́т на кре́слах свои́х и при э́том получа́ют в де́сять раз бо́льше, чем трюдя́ги.
      Ix kompánija stoít na stroíteljax, a oní — žádiny — sidját na kréslax svoíx i pri étom polučájut v désjatʹ raz bólʹše, čem trjudjági.
      Their company exists because of construction workers, but they — the greedy guys — sit on their armchairs and yet earn ten times more than the sloggers.
      Да́нный компью́тер рабо́тает не на электри́честве, а на ко́ка-ко́ле.
      Dánnyj kompʹjúter rabótajet ne na elektríčestve, a na kóka-kóle.
      This computer runs not on electricity but on Coca-Cola.
    5. assigned to (a certain responsibility)
      На мне (стои́т) ку́хня, а на ней (стоя́т) де́ти, одна́ко и ку́хнею она́ поро́ю да́же занима́ется заме́сто меня́, хотя́ её того́ и не прошу́.
      Na mne (stoít) kúxnja, a na nej (stoját) déti, odnáko i kúxneju oná poróju dáže zanimájetsja zamésto menjá, xotjá jejó tovó i ne prošú.
      I do the kitchen, while she does the children, however she sometimes also does the kitchen instead of me, although I don't ask her to.
      На тебе́ дочь моя́, пока́ я ве́чером не верну́сь.
      Na tebé dočʹ mojá, poká ja véčerom ne vernúsʹ.
      My daughter is yours (your responsibility) until I come back in the evening.
    6. with, for
    7. (time) in, for
      Придёшь на сле́дующей неделе?Pridjóšʹ na slédujuščej nedele?Will you come for next week?
    8. (neologism) being dominated by a certain emotional state
      Я вся́ на не́рвах, расска́зывай, что́ у тебя́ там случи́лось.
      Ja vsjá na nérvax, rasskázyvaj, štó u tebjá tam slučílosʹ.
      I'm so freaking nervous, tell me what happened to you.
      Он и так на не́рвах по́сле вчера́шнего, не пристава́й к нему́.
      On i tak na nérvax pósle včerášnevo, ne pristaváj k nemú.
      He is already on edge after what happened yesterday, don't bug him.
    9. (neologism) accomplishing something while being dominated by a certain emotional state and primarily because of it
      Неожи́данно проигра́в три ра́за подря́д, его охватила дизмора́льнего́ появи́лась дизмора́ль), и на ней проигра́л и все други́е 8 раз.
      Neožídanno proigráv tri ráza podrjád, jevo oxvatila dizmorálʹ (u nevó pojavílasʹ dizmorálʹ), i na nej proigrál i vse drugíje 8 raz.
      After he had suddenly lost 3 times in a row, he got dismoral, and while being affected by it he lost all the remaining 8 times.
      По́сле тако́й до́лгой разлу́ки, мы не удержа́лись, и на ра́достях, да́же как сле́дует не приоде́вшись, сра́зу же пошли́ в ЗАГС жени́ться.
      Pósle takój dólgoj razlúki, my ne uderžálisʹ, i na rádostjax, dáže kak slédujet ne priodévšisʹ, srázu že pošlí v ZAGS ženítʹsja.
      After such a long separation, thanks to us being so happy we couldn't hold it any longer and went straight to the marriage registrar's office in order to marry, without us even having dressed up appropriately.
      Понима́ете ли, сын мой ваш но́вый телеви́зор вы́кинул в окно́ (из окна́) не специа́льнопро́сто он был на эмо́циях по́сле того́, как заста́л её, а те́лик — он про́сто пе́рвое, что ему́ подверну́лось.
      Ponimájete li, syn moj vaš nóvyj televízor výkinul v oknó (iz okná) ne speciálʹno… prósto on byl na emócijax pósle tovó, kak zastál jejó, a télik — on prósto pérvoje, što jemú podvernúlosʹ.
      You see, my son threw your new TV set out of the window unintentionally… it's just that he had such an outburst of emotions after having caught her, that he had had to do something, and the first thing that crossed his mind was your new TV set.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

Interjection

на (na)

  1. here! (said when giving someone something, i.e., "take it!")
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Komi-Zyrian: на (na)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

Preposition

на (Latin spelling na)

  1. (+ accusative case) to, on, onto (with change of position, answering the question kùda)
    ићи на концертto go to a concert
    ставити књигу на сто(л)to put a book on the table
  2. (+ locative case) on, at, in (without change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)
    књига је на столуthe book is on the table
    бити на концертуto be at the concert
    бити на улициto be in the street
  3. (+ accusative case) by, for, at (in expressions with time)
    отићи некуда на пар данаto go somewhere for a couple of days
    на љето/летоnext summer, the following summer
    на вр(иј)емеon time
    бити плаћен на сатto be paid by the hour
  4. (+ accusative case) to indicate a source of power or energy
    подморница на атомски погонnuclear-powered submarine

Interjection

на! (Latin spelling na!)

  1. Here you are! Take it!
  2. Help yourself!

Tajik

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *né (not; no).

Adverb

Dari نه
Iranian Persian
Tajik на

на (na)

  1. not
  2. (informal) no

See also


Ubykh

Pronunciation

Noun

на (na) (pl)

  1. mother

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation

Preposition

на (na)

  1. (+accusative case)
    1. to, toward
    2. onto
  2. (+locative case)
    1. at
    2. on

Interjection

на (na)

  1. here you are! take it!

Derived terms

Further reading


Yagnobi

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *né (not; no).

Adverb

на (na)

  1. not