Appendix:Proto-Naish reconstructions

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The following list of 220 reconstructed Proto-Naish forms is from Appendix 2 (p.10-25) of Jacques & Michaud (2011).

List

[edit]
Gloss Proto-Naish
to win *ŋga/*aC₁
strength *Nka/*aC₁
bitter *kʰa/*aC₁
to step across *ŋga/*aC₁; *Nka/*aC₁
difficult *Cka/*aC₁
knee *ŋwa
bowl *kʰwa
hoof *kʰwa
a pair *dza
to lock *tsa
wheat *dza
Naemorhedus goral *sa
steel (for flint) *tsa
salt *tsʰa
nephew *Cdza
to walk *sa
to borrow *ŋi/*a
fish *ŋi/*a
span *twa
tooth *Swa
rain *Swa
lake *Swa
cow *wa
to fall (rain) *gra
meat *ɕa
earth *tra
axe *(S)mba
to stumble *(S)pa
Bai (ethnic group) *Sla
linen *(S)pʰa
knife *tʰa
noble *pʰa
soul *l̥a
thin *mba
snow *Smba
village *mba
to do *Cba
tea *la
moon *Sla
ear *l̥a
trousers *Sla
female *ma
ask for *ma
butterfly *la
rabbit *la
this year *Cba
who *na
goat *tsʰi
oat *zi
south *tɕʰi
grass *zi
skin *ri
yellow *ɕi
to know *si
to die *rsi
to thread (beads) *si
new *ɕi
to tie *tsi
morning *si
girl *mi
fire *mi
to hear *mi
to forget *mi
lower side *mi
name *mi
star *kri
gallbladder *kri
medicine *Swri
tight *kri
liver *siN
wood *siN
to shave *siN
hot *tsʰiN
to plane down *tʰi
water *gi
to flow *ji
tongue *hi
two *ŋi/*a
sweet *kʰi
to sell *tɕʰi
thorn *tɕʰi
muntjac *kʰi
saliva *tɕi
saddle *tɕi
small *tɕi
to sleep *ji
to walk *ŋgi
to lose *ni
cloud *tɕi
urine *mbi
pus *priN
short *rdiN
grain *rliN
neck *C-NkriN
resin *C-ŋgriN
rope *briN
guest *briN
long *ɕiN
hunt *ɕiN
articulation *rtsi
wash *rtsʰi
medicine *rtsʰi
waist *rtsi
bright *mbo
dike *mbo
home *o
younger sister *go
winnowing fan *mo
lunch *Cro
cold (weather) *ndro
this morning *ɕo
to run away *pʰo
head *SNko
corpse *mo
to spread *kʰo
tomorrow *so
pine *tʰo
be ill *ŋgo
mushroom *mo
ring *pru
comb *pru
yak *bru
white *pʰru
to hoe up *pru
vertical *tsu
to sit *ndzu
winter *tsʰu
to hide *tsu
bald *bu
bug *bu
to lay eggs *bu
pan *Cbu
maternal uncle *Cgu
to sew *C-ru
creased, wrinkled *C-ru
to pass (time) *gu
body *gu
plow *gu
to fix *gu
nice *gu
bent *gu
owl *hu
year *kʰu
to steal *kʰu
classifier (men) *ku
Bai ethnic group *bu
to bark *lu
enough *lu
to wind (thread) *lu
larva *lu
to graze *lu
beard *mu
to dig *ndu
poison *ndu
wing *ndu
sickle *Nku
to steam *Npu
saddlecloth *nu
thunder *ŋgu
sinew *ŋgu
nine *ŋgu
to cry *ŋu
silver *ŋu
price *pʰu
male *pʰu
uncle’s uncle *pʰu
bladder *pu
amber *pu
rock *rtu
intestine *Sbu
garlic *Sku
kidneys *Smbu
dry *Spu
to go out *tʰu
to contaminate *tru
to plant *Stu
straight *Stu
thousand *Stu
hole *tu
sleeve *qʰU
swallow *NqU
cave *qʰU
throat *qU
horn *qʰU
fly *bu r
to hold *rtsʰU
lungs *rtsʰU
to cough *rtsU
chest *Nka/*aC₁
to fell (a tree) *ndaC₁
drum *ndaC₁
all *taC₁
slanted *laC₁ taC₁
how much *kʰa/*aC₁
in front of *daC₁
to cover *ka/*aC₁
to weave *daC₁
black *naC₁
sharp *tʰaC₁
to hit *laC₁
wolf *pʰaC₁
vat, wooden basin *laC₂
to be ashamed *saC₂
to lean against *tʰaC₂
slope *taC₂
to hug *taC₂
gruel *haC₂
to see *daC₂
valley *laC₂
to climb *ndaC₂
to jump *tsʰaC₂
needle *NkaC₂
to study *saC₂
to work *laC₂
pig *SbaC
hand *laC₁/*laC₂
breath *saC₁/*saC₂
thick *laC₁/*laC₂
deep *l̥aC₁/*l̥aC₂/*SnaC₁
to kill *kʰaC₁/*aC₂

References

[edit]
  • Jacques, Guillaume, and Alexis Michaud. 2011. "Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages." Diachronica 28:468–498.
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p-Tibeto-Burman • Old Chinese (basic) • p-Southern Min • Macro-Bai • p-Tujia • p-Naish • p-Ersuic • Guiqiong • Horpa • p-Lolo-Burmese • p-Lalo • Lalo • Akha • Woni • Axi • Nesu • Yi (Mihei) • Kathu • Gong • p-Karenic • p-Luish • p-Bodo-Garo • Kuki-Chin • Suansu • Jejara • Mru • p-W. Tibetan • Tibetan (Lajiao) • Amdo Tibetan • Zakhring • Tshangla • Kho-Bwa • Mey • p-Puroik • p-Hrusish • Koro • Greater Siangic • Raji-Raute • Dhimalish • Baram-Thangmi • Bhujel • p-Kham • Dura • Bunan • (Nepal)

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