ek

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See also: -ek, -ék, Ek, EK, ÉK, ék, ek-, เอก, and ᛖᚲ

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

  • ik (Cape Afrikaans or archaic), ekke (emphatic or marked variant)

Etymology

From Dutch ik, from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂om (“I”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /æk/, (Cape dialect) /ɛk/
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

ek (object my, possessive my)

  1. I (subject)
    • 1976, in Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, page 19.
      Hy het na my geskop, maar ek het dit verwag en het vinnig my been gelig en dwars gedraai.
      He kicked towards me, but I expected this and quickly lifted my leg and turned it sidewards.
    • 1994, in Annemarié Van Niekerk, Vrouevertellers. 1843-1993, Tafelberg-Uitgewers (publ.), page 308.
      " […] Ek is jou vader. Ek sal jou doodslaan as jy nie luister nie!"
      " […] I am your father. I shall beat you to death if you do not listen!"
    • 2011, Kashiefa, Sedick, Zakeer & Sedeeqa Jacobs, "Die pad is toe", in No Land! No House! No Vote! Voices from Symphony Way, Pambazuka Press (publ.), page 132.
      Ek het nog nooit 'n huis gehad nie, my ouers het ook nog nooit een besit nie
      I have never owned a house, my parents also have never possessed one either.

See also

Afrikaans personal pronouns
subjective objective possessive determiner possessive pronoun
singular 1st ek my myne
2nd jy jou joune
2nd, formal u u s’n
3rd, masc hy hom sy syne
3rd, fem sy haar hare
3rd, neut dit sy syne
plural 1st ons ons s’n
2nd julle / jul1 julle s’n
3rd hulle / hul1 hulle s’n
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence.

Ainu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Verb

ek (Kana spelling エㇰ, plural ariki)

  1. (intransitive) to come

Esperanto

Etymology

Back-formation from ek-.

Pronunciation

Interjection

ek

  1. let's go, hurry up
    Ek! Ni ne havas multan tempon.
    Let's go! We don't have much time.

Fiji Hindi

Etymology

From Hindi एक (ek).

Numeral

ek

  1. one

References

Icelandic

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ek, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Alternative forms

  • ég (modern)
  • eg (archaic, poetic)

Pronoun

ek

  1. (archaic) I
    Ek spurða þá, hvar ek skyldi sitja.
    I asked then, where I should sit.
Declension
  Icelandic personal pronouns
Icelandic personal pronouns
singular first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative ég, eg, ek† þú hann hún, hon†, hón† það, þat†
accusative mig, mik† þig, þik† hann hana það, þat†
dative mér þér honum, hánum† henni því
genitive mín þín hans hennar þess
plural first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative við þið, þit† þeir þær þau
accusative okkur ykkur þá þær þau
dative okkur ykkur þeim þeim þeim
genitive okkar ykkar þeirra þeirra þeirra

Etymology 2

Inflected form of aka (“to drive”).

Verb

ek

  1. first-person singular active present indicative of aka

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek). Also seen as a borrowing from Latin ex, with the x changed to just k so not to interfere with ex-, which shares the same origin.

Pronunciation

Preposition

ek

  1. (general sense) out
  2. (indicating motion) out, out of, out from, from
    Adportez stulo ek ta chambro ― Bring a chair out of that room.
    Lu prenis ca folio ek la tir-kesto ― He took this leaf from the drawer.
  3. (of materials) of, made from, made of
    Ek quon esas ta tasi? ― What are the cups made of?
    Li esas ek porcelano. ― They are made of china.
  4. (mathematics) (indication fractional parts) out of
    Nonadek ek cent. ― Ninety out of a hundred (90%).
    En ca armeo, 5 ek 100 esas ocidita, 10 ek 100 vundita.
    In this army, five out of (every) 100 were killed, and ten per cent were wounded.

Derived terms

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas. Compare Hindi, Konkani, Nepali and Marathi एक (ek).

Numeral

ek

  1. one; 1

Ladino

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin ecce. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Old Spanish or Italian?”)

Interjection

ek (Latin spelling)

  1. lo!, behold!, see!, look!

Marshallese

Pronunciation

Noun

ek

  1. fish

References

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French avec.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Conjunction

ek

  1. and

Preposition

ek

  1. with

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English ēac, from Proto-Germanic *auk.

Pronunciation

Adverb

ek

  1. also, in addition, besides

Descendants

  • Scots: eik, ek
  • English: eke
  • ⇒ Middle English: ekename

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ek

  1. Alternative form of ik.

Min Nan

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 億 (“hundred million; hundred thousand; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 億).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 厄 (“harrowing; miserable; disaster; calamity; catastrophe; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 厄).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 啞 (“laughter; sound of laughing”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 啞).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 憶 (“to recall; to recollect; to think back; to remember; to bear in mind; to memorize; to remember; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 憶).

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 扼 (“to grasp; to clutch; to guard; to control; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 扼).

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 抑 (“to press down; to keep down; to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 抑).

Etymology 7

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 溢 (“to overflow; to brim over; to flood; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 溢).

Etymology 8

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 益 (“to overflow; affluent; well-off; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 益).

Etymology 9

For pronunciation and definitions of ek – see 臆 (“chest; breast; bosom; thought; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 臆).

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Norse ekki. Cognate with Danish ikke, Faroese ikki, Norwegian Nynorsk ikkje.

Adverb

ek

  1. (Sylt) not
    "Di rocht Saaken ken di Oogen ek se", sair di Litji Prins, fuar höm dit tö morki.
    "The important things can't be seen with the eyes," said the Little Prince, so he would remember this.

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aik.

Noun

ēk f

  1. oak

References

  1. Köbler, Gerhard, Altfriesisches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek, “I”), from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ek

  1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
    • c. 1000 Vǫluspá, verse 1, line 1:
      Hliods bið ec allar... (Codex Regius, circa 1270)
      Hlioðs bið ek allar... (Hauksbók, circa 1306)
      Hljóðs bið ek allar... (normalised orthography)
      For silence I ask all...
    • 1220-1240, Egils saga, chapter 3, line 16:
      "Þótt þetta vandræði hafi nú borit oss at hendi, þá mun eigi langt til, at sama vandræði mun til yðvar koma, því at Haraldr, ætla ek, at skjótt mun hér koma, þá er hann hefir alla menn þrælkat ok áþját, sem hann vill, á Norðmæri ok í Raumsdal." (Norse)
      translation by William Charles Green:
      Though this danger now touches us, before long the same will come to you; for Harold, as I ween, will hasten hither when he has enthralled and oppressed after his will all in North Mæra and Raumsdale.
      translation by Hallvard Lie:
      Though this trouble have now lighted on our hand, 'twill not be long ere the same trouble shall come upon you; for Harald, I ween, will shortly hither come, soon as he hath all men thralled and enslaved, according to this will, in Northmere and Raumsdale.

Declension

Old Norse personal pronouns
number first person second person reflexive third person
case singular singular masculine singular feminine singular neuter
nominative ek þú hann hon, hón, hǫ́n þat
accusative mik þik sik hann hana, hána þat
dative mér þér sér hánum, hónum, hǫ́num henni því
genitive mín þín sín hans hennar þess
case dual
nominative vit it, þit
accusative okkr ykkr sik
dative okkr ykkr sér
genitive okkar ykkar sín
case plural plural masculine plural feminine plural neuter
nominative vér ér, þér þeir þær þau
accusative oss yðr sik þá þær þau
dative oss yðr sér þeim þeim þeim
genitive vár yðar, yðvar sín þeira, þeirra þeira, þeirra þeira, þeirra


Descendants

References

  • “ek”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks.

Pronunciation

Noun

ēk f

  1. oak

Declension

Declension of ēk (feminine i-stem)
singular plural
nominative ēk ēki
accusative ēk ēki
genitive ēki ēkiō
dative ēki ēkium
instrumental — —


Descendants

Proto-Norse

Romanization

ek

  1. Romanization of ᛖᚲ
  2. Romanization of ᛖᚴ

Rohingya

Rohingya cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ek

Etymology

From Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).

Numeral

ek (Hanifi spelling 𐴀𐴠𐴑)

  1. one

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology

From Old Norse eik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).

Pronunciation

Noun

ek c

  1. oak

Declension

Declension of ek
nominative genitive
singular indefinite ek eks
definite eken ekens
plural indefinite ekar ekars
definite ekarna ekarnas

Further reading

Tocharian B

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃okʷ- (“to see”) + the noun-forming ending *-s. Compare Tocharian A ak.

Noun

ek m

  1. (anatomy) eye
    Eśane klausane ṣeycer-me kartstse yolo lkātsi klyaussisa.
    "You had eyes and ears to see and hear good and evil."

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ek”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 78-79

Turkish

Noun

ek (definite accusative eki, plural ekler)

  1. annex

Declension

Inflection
Nominative ek
Definite accusative eki
Singular Plural
Nominative ek ekler
Definite accusative eki ekleri
Dative eke eklere
Locative ekte eklerde
Ablative ekten eklerden
Genitive ekin eklerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekim eklerim
2nd singular ekin eklerin
3rd singular eki ekleri
1st plural ekimiz eklerimiz
2nd plural ekiniz ekleriniz
3rd plural ekleri ekleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimi eklerimi
2nd singular ekini eklerini
3rd singular ekini eklerini
1st plural ekimizi eklerimizi
2nd plural ekinizi eklerinizi
3rd plural eklerini eklerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekime eklerime
2nd singular ekine eklerine
3rd singular ekine eklerine
1st plural ekimize eklerimize
2nd plural ekinize eklerinize
3rd plural eklerine eklerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimde eklerimde
2nd singular ekinde eklerinde
3rd singular ekinde eklerinde
1st plural ekimizde eklerimizde
2nd plural ekinizde eklerinizde
3rd plural eklerinde eklerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimden eklerimden
2nd singular ekinden eklerinden
3rd singular ekinden eklerinden
1st plural ekimizden eklerimizden
2nd plural ekinizden eklerinizden
3rd plural eklerinden eklerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular ekimin eklerimin
2nd singular ekinin eklerinin
3rd singular ekinin eklerinin
1st plural ekimizin eklerimizin
2nd plural ekinizin eklerinizin
3rd plural eklerinin eklerinin
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular ekim eklerim
2nd singular eksin eklersin
3rd singular ek
ektir 		ekler
eklerdir
1st plural ekiz ekleriz
2nd plural eksiniz eklersiniz
3rd plural ekler eklerdir

Hyponyms

Verb

ek

  1. second-person singular imperative of ekmek

Volapük

Pronoun

ek

  1. someone; anyone

Declension

    declension of ek
singular plural
nominative ek eks
genitive eka ekas
dative eke ekes
accusative eki ekis

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian āk, from Proto-West Germanic *auk.

Adverb

ek

  1. also, too

Further reading

  • “ek”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zhuang

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”), from Middle Chinese 軛 (MC 'eak, “yoke”). Cognate with Thai แอก (ɛ̀ɛk), Lao ແອກ (ʼǣk), Tai Dam ꪵꪮꪀ, Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik).

Pronunciation

Noun

ek (Sawndip forms 兀 or 𰠪 or 枙 or 𣐎, 1957–1982 spelling ek)

  1. yoke
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