之
Translingual
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Han character
之 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+3, 4 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 3 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈弓人 (INO), four-corner 30307, composition ⿳丶㇇乀)
Derived characters
Descendants
- し (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
- シ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 82, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 125
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 43, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E4B
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
之 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 㞢 𡳿 の | |
Glyph origin
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 止 (“foot”) + 一 (“the beginning place”) – meaning “to go”.
Etymology
- demonstrative pronoun "this; he; she; it"
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-daj ~ m-di (“that; this”) (STEDT). Cognate with 是 (OC *djeʔ, “this”), Tibetan དེ (de, “that”), Tibetan འདི ('di, “this”), Burmese ဒီ (di, “this”).
- "to go; to proceed"
- Cognate with 時 (OC *djɯ, “time; season”) (> 辰 (OC *djɯn, “date; time”)), 志 (OC *tjɯs, “goal”), 趾 (OC *kjɯʔ, “foot”) (> 止 (OC *kjɯʔ, “to stop”)), Burmese စ (ca., “to start; to begin”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зы (zɨ, I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi1
- Gan (Wiktionary): zi1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂
- Northern Min (KCR): ci̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 1tsy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
- Wade–Giles: chih1
- Yale: jr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
- Palladius: чжи (čži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zi1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зы (zɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zi1
- Yale: jī
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1
- Guangdong Romanization: ji1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
- Hakka Romanization System: zii´
- Hagfa Pinyim: zi1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ci̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: tsyi
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯ/
Definitions
- (literary) Indicates that the previous word has possession of the next one.
- 生命之道 ― shēngmìng zhī dào ― the way of life/life's way
- 美國之聲／美国之声 ― Měiguó zhī shēng ― The Voice of America/America's voice
- 天其永我命于茲新邑，紹復先王之大業，厎綏四方。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Tiān qí yǒng wǒ mìng yú zī xīn yì, shàofù xiānwáng zhī dàyè, 厎suí sìfāng. [Pinyin]
- Heaven will perpetuate its decree in our favour in this new city; the great inheritance of the former kings will be continued and renewed, and tranquillity will be secured to the four quarters (of the kingdom)
天其永我命于兹新邑，绍复先王之大业，厎绥四方。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Indicates that the previous word modifies the next one.
- 尺寸之功 ― chǐcùnzhīgōng ― a minor contribution
- 萬乘之國弒其君者，必千乘之家。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Wànshèng zhī guó shì qí jūn zhě, bì qiānshèng zhī jiā. [Pinyin]
- In the kingdom of ten thousand chariots, the murderer of his sovereign shall be the chief of a family of a thousand chariots.
万乘之国弑其君者，必千乘之家。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † This.
- 之子于歸。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhī zǐ yú guī. [Pinyin]
- This girl is to get married.
之子于归。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † To sprout, to come about.
- † To go.
- 吾欲之楚。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
- Wú yù zhī chǔ. [Pinyin]
- I want to go to Chu.
- (literary) The third-person pronoun: him, her, it, them, when it appears in a non-subject position in the sentence.
Synonyms
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Usage notes
Formerly used to represent the possessive particle の (no). In modern Japanese, this character is seldom used, and most commonly found in names, such as 龍之介 (Ryūnosuke).
See also
Proper noun
之 or 之 • (susumu or proper) [[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
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- a male given name
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
之: Hán Việt readings: chi (
之: Nôm readings: gì[1][2][3][4][5], giây[1][2][3][4][5], chi[1][2][3][5]
References
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han characters from which hiragana were derived
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese particles
- Mandarin particles
- Sichuanese particles
- Dungan particles
- Cantonese particles
- Gan particles
- Hakka particles
- Northern Min particles
- Eastern Min particles
- Hokkien particles
- Teochew particles
- Wu particles
- Xiang particles
- Chinese pronouns
- Mandarin pronouns
- Sichuanese pronouns
- Dungan pronouns
- Cantonese pronouns
- Gan pronouns
- Hakka pronouns
- Northern Min pronouns
- Eastern Min pronouns
- Hokkien pronouns
- Teochew pronouns
- Wu pronouns
- Xiang pronouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Dungan verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Gan verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese literary terms
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Intermediate Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Kanji used for names
- Japanese kanji with goon reading し
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading し
- Japanese kanji with kun reading これ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading の
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆ-く
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆき
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 之
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Han characters from which katakana were derived
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom