齊

See also: 齐 and 斉

齊 U+9F4A, 齊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F4A ← 齉 [U+9F49] CJK Unified Ideographs 齋 → [U+9F4B]

⿑ U+2FD1, ⿑ KANGXI RADICAL EVEN ← ⿐ [U+2FD0] Kangxi Radicals ⿒ → [U+2FD2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Traditional	齊
Shinjitai	斉
Simplified	齐

Han character

齊 (Kangxi radical 210, 齊+0, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜難 (YX), four-corner 0022₃, composition ⿳亠⿲刀丫⿸⿱丿𠄌㇏⿲丿二丨)

1. Kangxi radical #210, ⿑.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/齊
• 儕, 嚌, 𪤪, 𡣙, 𡽉, 懠, 擠, 濟, 隮, 𬩣, 𬀛, 𣋠, 櫅, 㸄, 璾, 䄢, 臍, 𥐌, 𥖭, 穧, 𧞓, 纃, 艩, 蠐, 䜞, 𧾙, 躋, 𨣧, 鑇, 䭣, 䮺, 鱭, 𪊆, 䶩
• 劑, 𬪜, 𧓉, 𧖊, 薺, 𮊞, 䍤, 霽, 癠, 麡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1531, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48560
• Dae Jaweon: page 2068, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4783, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9F4A

---

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 齊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	*zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	*ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
躋	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	*ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	*ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	*ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
癠	*ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	*zliːl, *zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	*zliːl, *zlil
懠	*zliːl, *zliːls
薺	*zliːlʔ, *zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	*zliːls, *ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height.

Etymology 1

trad.		齊
simp.		齐
alternative forms		斉 斊 立 亝 𠄷 斉 斊 立 亝 𠄷 𠫼

Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from 齊 (OC *zliːl).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qí (qi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cai⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhè / chhì
• Eastern Min (BUC): cà̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chôe / chê / chêre

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ci⁵ / zoi⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qí
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cí
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi²
    • Yale: chí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cai⁴
    • Yale: chàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhè / chhì
    • Hakka Romanization System: ce^ˇ / qi^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ce² / qi²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰe¹¹/, /t͡sʰi¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cà̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chôe
    • Tâi-lô: tsuê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /t͡sue²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chê
    • Tâi-lô: tsê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡se²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêre
    • Tâi-lô: tserê

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • chôe - vernacular;
  • chê - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ci⁵ / zoi⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshî / tsôi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/, /t͡soi⁵⁵/

Note:

• ci5 - literary;
• zoi5 - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: dzej

Rime
Character	齊
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徂奚切
Baxter	dzej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zei/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zei/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛj/
Li Rong	/d͡zei/
Wang Li	/d͡ziei/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zliːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	齊	齊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qí	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzej ›	‹ dzej ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁəj/	/*[dz]ˁəj/
English	uniform, equal	Qí (place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齊
Reading #	1/2
No.	10052
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	齊
Old Chinese	/*zliːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. even; uniform; of equal length

   牙齒長得不齊。 [MSC, trad.]
   牙齿长得不齐。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yáchǐ zhǎnɡ de bù qí. [Pinyin]

   The teeth are uneven.

2. same; identical

   • 「見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     「见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     “jiàn xián sī qí yān, jiàn bù xián ér nèi zì xǐng yě.” [Pinyin]

     "When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves."

3. complete

   人都來齊了嗎？／人都来齐了吗？  ―  Rén dōu lái qí le ma?  ―  Has everyone arrived?

   我把東西準備齊了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我把东西准备齐了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ bǎ dōngxī zhǔnbèi qí le. [Pinyin]

   I've prepared everything ready.

   齊人就行得。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   齐人就行得。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   cai⁴ jan⁴ zau⁶ haang⁴ dak¹. [Jyutping]

   We can go if everyone has arrived.

4. together; simultaneously

   萬炮齊發／万炮齐发  ―  wàn pào qí fā  ―  many cannons fire simultaneously

5. to be the same height as; to be level with
6. along a line
7. Qi, an ancient Chinese duchy, and later kingdom, during the Zhou dynasty

   • 十年春，齊師伐我。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     十年春，齐师伐我。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Shí nián chūn, Qí shī fá wǒ. [Pinyin]

     In the spring of the 10th year, the Qi troops invaded us.

8. Southern Qi (479–502), the second of the Southern dynasties in China
9. Northern Qi (550–577), one of the Northern dynasties in China

   • 齊朝有一士大夫，嘗謂吾曰：「我有一兒，年已十七，頗曉書疏，教其鮮卑語及彈琵琶，稍欲通解，以此伏事公卿，無不寵愛，亦要事也。」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     齐朝有一士大夫，尝谓吾曰：「我有一儿，年已十七，颇晓书疏，教其鲜卑语及弹琵琶，稍欲通解，以此伏事公卿，无不宠爱，亦要事也。」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Yan Zhitui, The Family Instructions of Master Yan, 6^th century CE

     Qí cháo yǒu yī shìdàfū, cháng wèi wú yuē: “Wǒ yǒu yī ér, nián yǐ shíqī, pō xiǎo shūshū, jiào qí xiānbēiyǔ jí tán pípá, shāo yù tōngjiě, yǐ cǐ fúshì gōngqīng, wú bù chǒng'ài, yì yàoshì yě.” [Pinyin]

     There is a scholar-official in the Qi Dynasty, who once said to me, "I have a son who is seventeen years of age and is well versed in writing official reports. I taught him the Xianbei language and how to play the pipa, and when he became somewhat capable in those, he began serving the officials and was loved by all. These are important things."

10. (～日) (telegraphy) the eighth day of a month
11. a surname

    齊白石／齐白石  ―  Qí Báishí  ―  Qi Baishi (Chinese painter)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 躋／跻 (jī).
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 齏／齑 (jī).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzejH

Rime
Character	齊
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	在詣切
Baxter	dzejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zeiH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zeiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjH/
Li Rong	/d͡zeiH/
Wang Li	/d͡zieiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zliːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齊
Reading #	2/2
No.	10064
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	嚌
Old Chinese	/*zliːls/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 劑／剂 (jì).
2. alloy

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zī (zi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zī
    • Zhuyin: ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zih
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹
    • Yale: dz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
    • Palladius: цзы (czy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. hem of a skirt, shirt tail
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 粢 (zī).
3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 資／资 (zī).

Pronunciation 5

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhāi (zhai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhai
    • Wade–Giles: chai¹
    • Yale: jāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jai
    • Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 齋／斋 (zhāi).
2. sacrificial offering
3. deferential

Pronunciation 6

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎn (jian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chien³
    • Yale: jyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 剪 (jiǎn).
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 醮 (jiào).

Etymology 2

trad.		齊
simp.		齐
alternative forms		褿 全

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiâu / châu

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaau
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siau¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan): /t͡siau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siau²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châu
    • Tâi-lô: tsâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaau
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen): /t͡sau²⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊 (Southern Min)

1. uniform; generally consistent
2. completely; entirely

References

• “齊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04794
• “Entry #10973”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

(deprecated template usage)

---

Japanese

Shinjitai	斉
Kyūjitai	齊

Kanji

齊

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 斉)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ざい (zai)、し (shi)
• Kan-on: せい (sei)、し (shi)
• Kan’yō-on: さい (sai)
• Kun: そろう (sorou, 齊う)^{←そろふ (sorofu, 齊ふ, historical)}、そろえる (soroeru, 齊える)^{←そろへる (soroferu, 齊へる, historical)}、ととのう (totonou, 齊う)^{←ととのふ (totonofu, 齊ふ, historical)}、ととのえる (totonoeru, 齊える)^{←ととのへる (totonoferu, 齊へる, historical)}、ひとしい (hitoshii, 齊しい)
• Nanori: きよ (kiyo)、ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、とき (toki)、とし (toshi)、なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}、なり (nari)、ひさし (hisashi)、まさ (masa)、むね (mune)、よし (yoshi)

---

Korean

Hanja

齊 (eum 제 (je))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

齊: Hán Nôm readings: tày, tề, tè, chai

1. chữ Hán form of tề (“equal to”).

References

• Nom Foundation