pa

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "pa"

Translingual

Symbol

pa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Punjabi.

English

Etymology 1

Clipping of papa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pɑː/
    • Audio (UK):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː
  • Lua error in Module:homophones at line 150: Use of qN= in Template:homophones no longer permitted; use qqN=; in a month or two, qN= will return as left qualifiers

Noun

pa (plural pas)

  1. (colloquial) Father, papa.
  2. (colloquial) Grandpa, grandfather.
Usage notes
  • Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person; see Pa.
Hey, Pa, I'd like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Synonyms
Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Maori pā.

Noun

pa (plural pas)

  1. (New Zealand, now historical) A fortified Maori settlement, especially of pre-European times. [from 19th c.]
    • 2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins 2021, p. 68:
      A pa or Māori defence fortification appears at a height on the hill above the bay.
  2. (New Zealand) Any Maori village or settlement; a kainga. [from 19th c.]
Alternative forms

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch.

Pronunciation

Noun

pa (plural pa's)

  1. dad, father

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Cognate to Messapic [script needed] (apa, “from, out of, by”),[1] Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “away, off”), Sanskrit अप (apá).

Preposition

pa (+ accusative)

  1. without, minus
  2. not counting, even without counting

[2]

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ W. B. Lockwood, A Panorama of Indo-European languages, Hutchinson, 1972, p. 185
  2. ^ Leonard Newmark's Online Albanian Dictionary

Anuta

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

pa

  1. four

Arritinngithigh

Noun

pa

  1. liver

References

  • Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 411

Asturian

Etymology

Compare Spanish pa, a contracted form of para.

Preposition

pa

  1. for

Usage notes

  • The preposition pa contracts to p' before a word beginning with a- or ha-: p'Asturies (for Asturias), p'haber (for to have)

Derived terms

Basque

Noun

pa inan

  1. kiss

Big Nambas

Pronunciation

Adjective

pa

  1. small

References

Breton

Conjunction

pa

  1. when, if

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan pa (attested at least once as pan), from Latin pānis, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze, feed”).

Pronunciation

Noun

pa m (plural pans)

  1. bread

Derived terms

References

Classical Nahuatl

Pronunciation

Verb

pā

  1. (transitive) To dye

References

  • Andrews, J. Richard (2003) Workbook for Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, revised edition edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, page 244
  • Karttunen, Frances (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 182

Dakota

Pronunciation

Noun

pa

  1. head

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

pa m (plural pa's, diminutive paatje n)

  1. pa, dad

Descendants

  • → Papiamentu: pachi (from the diminutive)

Esperanto

Interjection

pa

  1. pah

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera.

Preposition

pa

  1. to (indicates application of an adjective)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 3: Radós:
      A radón mais grandi pa defendela é que é nossa LENGUA MATERNA, a “primeira lengua que un indivíduu aprendi de maneira ínnconscienti duranti a sua infancia” i en ela han aprindiu a idel as primeiras palabras […]
      The greatest reason to defend it is that it is our NATIVE LANGUAGE, the “first language that an individual learns in an unconscious manner during his infancy” and in it learned how to say his first words […]
  2. for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 4: ¿Guerras, moas?:
      Encontramus opiniós pa tos os gustus.
      We found opinions for every taste.
  3. to, towards (indicates destination)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:
      I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]
      And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

Galician

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese paa, from Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”).

Pronunciation

Noun

pa f (plural pas)

  1. shovel; spade (tool for digging and moving material)
  2. windmill blade
  3. the end of a paddle or oar with the blade
  4. (anatomy, zootomy) incisor

References

Garo

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

pa

  1. father

Guaraní

Numeral

pa

  1. ten

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French pas.

Adverb

pa

  1. not

Usage notes

  • Double negatives (e.g. pa ... janm or pa ... anyen) are grammatically correct in Haitian Creole.

Hiw

Verb

pa

  1. to finish, (be brought to an) end

Further reading

  • Alexandre François, Pragmatic demotion and clause dependency: On two atypical subordinating strategies in the Lo-Toga and Hiw (Torres, Vanuatu) (2010), in Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy (edited by Isabelle Bril)

Japanese

Romanization

pa

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ぱ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of パ

K'iche'

Preposition

pa

  1. in
  2. at
  3. on
  4. to
  5. into
  6. toward
  7. from
  8. during

References

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese para.

Preposition

pa

  1. for
  2. to

Latvian

Preposition

pa (with accusative or dative)

  1. on
  2. along
    iet pa ceļu ― to walk along the road
  3. to
  4. in
  5. through
  6. during
    pa naktīm ― during night
  7. by
    pa pastu ― by post
  8. over
    pa radio ― over the radio

Mandarin

Romanization

pa

  1. Nonstandard spelling of pā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of pá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of pà.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

Noun

pa

  1. Alternative form of po

Min Nan

For pronunciation and definitions of pa – see 吧.
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 吧).

Mono (California)

Etymology

From Proto-Numic *pa from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

Noun

pa

  1. water

Muong

Muong cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : pa

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

Pronunciation

Numeral

pa

  1. three

Occitan

Adverb

pa

  1. not (indicates negation)

Old Prussian

Etymology

From the Proto-Indo-European root *upo- (“under, up”).

Preposition

pa

  1. under

Adverb

pa

  1. under

Palu'e

Etymology

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

pa

  1. four

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese para and Spanish para and Kabuverdianu pa.

Preposition

pa

  1. to
  2. for
  3. by

Polish

Pronunciation

Template:pl-p

Interjection

pa

  1. (familiar) bye

Derived terms

interjection

Further reading

  • pa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • pa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Preposition

pa

  1. (nonstandard, colloquial) Contraction of para.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian pá.

Pronunciation

Interjection

pa

  1. bye

Synonyms

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Common South Slavic; compare Slovene pa, Bulgarian па (pa). See also pa-.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

  1. (and) then
    Synonym: ȍndā
    prvo ću skočiti ja, pa ti ― I'll jump first, (and) then you
    učenje pa odmor pa zabava ― learning, then rest, then fun
  2. (and) so, therefore
    Synonym: stȍgā
    Potrošio sam sav novac, pa sam se morao vratiti kući. ― I've spent all of my money, so I had to go back home.
  3. (with da or màkar) even if, even though, although
  4. (with ȉpāk) (and, but) yet, still
    bogat je, pa ipak usamljen ― he's rich, but still lonely
  5. (with da + i) even if

Particle

pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

  1. so, so what
    Pa? ― So what?
  2. (for emphasis) well, so
    Pa dobro! ― All right, then!
    Pa što je s tobom? ― What's with you?
    Pa i ne baš ― Well, not exactly
    Pa što onda? ― So what?
  3. (regional, for emphasis) even
    Pa i moja baba već zna da to nije istina! ― Even my grandma knows that that is not true!

Shona

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Verb

-pá (infinitive kupá)

  1. to give

Skou

Noun

pa

  1. water
    Móenòeng pe tue e tue pa.
    There are crocodiles in the water.

References

  • Donohue, Mark. Rópu we te máwo pílang te: Skou dictionary draft. s.l. 80pp. (2002).

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian pa.

Pronunciation

Particle

pa

  1. well, so
    • 2010, Luigi Peca, “La guerre à Acquaviva”:
      Alora pa, ka biša gvera, ka pa je rivala kurta nasa ova gvera, mi, tuna žene aš ljuda, te ljuda veča… ka bihu veča zdrave – nò? mahu sa po hranit.
      Well then, during the war, when this war came close to us, we, all the women and men, the men (who were) more… who were healthier – you know? had to hide themselves.

References

  • Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).

Slovene

Pronunciation

Conjunction

pa

  1. and
    Jaz pa ti. ― Me and you.
  2. but
    Je dober, ne pa najbolši. ― He is good but not the best.
  3. so
    Zaspal je, pa je zamudil šolo. ― He overslept, so he was late for school.

Spanish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Preposition

pa

  1. (colloquial) Apocopic form of para, for, to

See also

References

  • Among the places this form is used is southern Arizona, per Anita Calneh Post, Southern Arizona Spanish phonology (1934), page 36: "The commonest loss of intervocalic r in southern Arizona is in para, which is always pa ..."

Sumerian

Romanization

pa

  1. Romanization of 𒉺 (pa)

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-pa (infinitive kupa)

  1. to give to (someone)

Usage notes

  • This verb must be used with an object concord:
  • Nimewakupa kitabu. ― I have given them a book.
  • Nijawapa kitabu. ― I have not (yet) given them a book.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pa (obligatory object concord)
Subjunctive -pe
Negative -pi
Object concord
Indicative positive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipa -tupa
2nd person -kupa -wapa/-kupeni/-wapeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpa -wapa
other classes —
Reflexive -jipa
Subjunctive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipe -tupe
2nd person -kupe -wape
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpe -wape
other classes —
Reflexive -jipe
Indicative negative
Singular Plural
1st person -nipi -tupi
2nd person -kupi -wapi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpi -wapi
other classes —
Reflexive -jipi
Relative forms general positive (positive subject concord + object concord + -pa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -paye -pao
m-mi(III/IV) -pao -payo
ji-ma(V/VI) -palo -payo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pacho -pavyo
n(IX/X) -payo -pazo
u(XI) -pao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -pako
pa(XVI) -papo
mu(XVIII) -pamo
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Particle

pa

  1. Pa class inflected form of -a.

Tagalog

Adverb

pa

  1. yet
  2. still; eventually; in the future
  3. in addition
  4. in the past
  5. even

Noun

pa (feminine ma)

  1. (colloquial, familiar, childish) Contraction of papa
    Synonyms: papa, ama, tatay, itay, tay, tatang

Tho

Tho cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : pa

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba, Muong pa.

Pronunciation

Numeral

pa

  1. three

Tshobdun

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak.

Noun

pa

  1. pig

Further reading

  • Jackson T. S. Sun, Typology of Generic-Person Making in Tshobdun Rgyalrong (2014)

Walloon

Noun

pa m (plural pas)

  1. father

Coordinate terms

Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

pa

  1. (interrogative, archaic) what

Determiner

pa

  1. which

Derived terms

Usage notes

  • The usage of pa as an interrogative has been rendered obsolete by the modern word beth, which derives from the phrase pa beth, meaning literally ‘what thing’.
  • pa as a determiner tends to be replaced by pwy in Southern Welsh.

West Makian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

pa

  1. (transitive, with ta-) to request, ask for
    tapa ampong te ni ― I ask you for forgiveness

Conjugation

Conjugation of pa (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tapa mapa apa
2nd person napa fapa
3rd person inanimate ipa dapa
animate
imperative napa, pa fapa, pa

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

pa

  1. Alternative form of papa (“female”)

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[1], Pacific linguistics
  • James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎[2], Pacific linguistics

Wutunhua

Pronunciation

Noun

pa

  1. friend

References

  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[3], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yola

Preposition

pa

  1. Alternative form of apan
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      Pa ooree; Pa cawl.
      Upon each other; Upon the horse.

References

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 60

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

pa

  1. (transitive) to kill
    Ẹ fẹ́ pa mí ni!?
    You want to kill me!?
    1. (transitive) to murder
      Ó pa ìyàwó ẹ̀.
      He murdered his wife.
    2. (transitive) to execute
    3. (transitive) to switch off, to turn off
      Má gbàgbé láti máa pa tẹlifíṣọ̀n.
      Don't forget to turn off the television.
    4. (transitive) to extinguish
      A dúpẹ́ pé wọ́n pa iná kó tó jó odindi ilé tán pátá.
      Thankfully the fire was extinguished before it burnt the whole house down.
    5. (transitive) to stop, to terminate
      Wọ́n pa ìlù.
      They stopped the drumming.
  2. (transitive) to pain, to kill
    Yéè! Ẹsẹ̀ yìí fẹ́ pa mí o!
    Ouch! My feet are killing me!
    1. (transitive) to disturb
      Ebi ń pa mí.
      Hunger is disturbing me.
      (I am hungry)
    2. (transitive) to intoxicate
      Ọtí ń pa wọ́n.
      Alchohol is intoxicating them.
      (They are drunk)
  3. (transitive) to open, to smash open, to thresh
    Ẹ bá mi pa obì yìí.
    Help me open this kola nut.
    Ó pa ọkà.
    He threshed the corn.
  4. (transitive) to hatch
    Adìyẹ mi ti pa ọmọ
    My hen's hatched chicks
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

pa

  1. (transitive) to tell, to convey
    Irọ́ l'o ń pa o! ― You're telling a lie!
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

pa

  1. (transitive) to rub
    Mo máa ń fi òrí pa ọwọ́ mi ― I use shea butter to moisturize my hands
  2. (transitive) to scorch, to drench, to beat usually in relation to weather
    Òjò ń pa mí. ― Rain is drenching me.
    Òjò ń pa òrùlé. ― The rain is beating the roof.
    Oòrùn ń pa mí. ― The sun is beating me.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Verb

pa

  1. to gain, to make
    1. to earn (money)
      Wọn kì í pa owó látinú iṣẹ́ yìí. ― They don't make money from doing such work.
      Ọbẹ̀ tó dùn, owó ló pa á ― A delicious stew; money is what earnt it

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Verb

pa

  1. to be in a state, defined by a following adverb
    Òkun pa rọ́rọ́. ― The sea is calm.
Derived terms

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Verb

pa

  1. to be tight
    Mo dè é pa ― I screwed it tight
Derived terms

Etymology 7

Pronunciation

Verb

pá

  1. to be bald
    Ó pá lórí. ― He's bald on the head.
    (He is bald)
Derived terms

Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”), cognates include Sanskrit पद् (pád), Latin pes (French pied), German Fuß, English foot.

Pronunciation

Noun

pa

  1. (anatomy) leg, foot

Zou

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *paa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pa. Cognates include Chinese 爸 (bà) and Tibetan པ་ཕ (pa pha).

Pronunciation

Noun

pá

  1. father
  2. grandfather

Etymology 2

Perhaps related to Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

Noun

pa

  1. cousin

References

  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 60
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