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Appendix:Dardic Swadesh lists

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is a Swadesh list of Dardic languages, specifically Indus Kohistani, Kalasha, Kashmiri, Khowar, Phalura, Shina, Torwali, Dameli and Savi, compared with that of English.

List

[edit]
EnglishIndus Kohistani
edit (76)
Kalasha
edit (54)
Kashmiri
کٲشُر (kạ̄śur)
edit (193)
Kashmiri
कॉशुर (kạ̄śur)
edit (207)
Khowar
کھووار
edit (51)
Phalura
paaluulaá
edit (201)
Shina
edit (8)
Shina
ݜݨیاٗ زبان
edit (7)
Torwali
edit (9)
Dameli
daamiabaaṣa
edit (85)
Savi
edit (27)
1I (1sg)màʰaبہٕ (bụ)बॖ (bụ)maayma
2you (2sg)tùʰژٕ (ċụ)च़ॖ (ċụ)tututu
3he, she, it (3sg)ũ̀ʰ*, ṣũ̀ʰ*, sùʰ*, sòʰ*ہُہ (huh)*, سُہ (suh)*, یِہ (yih)*, تِہ (tih)*, سۄ (sọ)*[Term?]anú*, eenú*, eeṛó*, eesó*i*, see*, yee*le*, se*
4we (1pl)bèʰأسؠ (ạs')[Term?]اِسپا (ispā)beaybe
5you (2pl)tùsتۆہؠ (toh')[Term?]tusbitu
6they (3pl)ʌ́ỹ, ṣʌ́ỹ, sʌ́ỹہُم (hum)*, ہُمٕ (humụ)*, تِم (tim)*, تِمٕ (timụ)*[Term?]aní*, eení*, eeṛé*, eesé*mẽẽ*, tẽẽ*
7thisũ̀ʰ, ṣũ̀ʰیِ (yi)[Term?]anú, eenúmẽẽle
8thatsùʰ, sòʰتِ (ti)[Term?]aṛó, eeṛó, eesó*tẽẽse
9hereayáयोर् (yōr)índaayaa
10thereatráहुति॒ (huti॒ )eeṛáa*, eetáa*tara
11whoकुस् (kus)koókii, kureyko
12whatक्याह् (kyāh )ga, gubáakyaga
13whereक॑ति॒ (ka॑ti॒ )góokaakanee
14whenकदा (kadā )kareékeerkaree, kaaree
15howकह्यू (kahyū )kanáabhekanuu
16not (na)nani, ma*
17allʌmā̃nã́tʰ, kúl-mul, kúl-šulč̣hikپرتھ ِ (prth i)[Term?]buṭheé
18manyअनेख् (anēkh )bíiḍulee
19someadheकेँह् (kēm̐h)tuúškeeraa
20fewkʌ́m, hilā́kʰ, bē-kʌytùkʰकेँह् (kēm̐h)úču
21otherबि- ( bi-)dúi
22oneekاَکھ (akh)[Term?]اِى (i)áak, áaekyak
23twoduزٕ (zụ)[Term?]جُو (ju)dúuduudu
24threetreترٛےٚ (tre)[Term?]ترؤى (troi)tróotraaɬaa
25fourčawژور (ċōr)[Term?]چار (čóor)čúurčoorčoor
26fiveپانٛژھ (pānċh)[Term?]پونج (póonj)páanǰpããčpaanǰ
27bigghʌ̀ṽghónaبۆڈ (boḍ), بۆڑ (boḍ)[Term?]لوٹ (loṭ)čóolu, gháanu*, gáaḍu*balooganu
28longẓìgdrígaزیٖٹھ (zīṭh)[Term?]درُونگ (drung)dhrígu
29wideċī̀lکھۆل (khol)[Term?]čóolu*
30thickthúl, bakùl, bhúpʰمۆٹ (moṭ)[Term?]بوسک (bosk), تھُول (thul)čóolu*, bhakúlu*
31heavyugúrᵘگۆب (gob)[Term?]قأى (qaí)ungúru
32smallkʌyčàʰلۄکُٹ (lọkuṭ)[Term?]پھوک (phuk)léku*, lhoóku*učʰuṭalawu
33shortkhʌṭʌ̀ṽژۆٹ (ċoṭ), لۄکُٹ (lọkuṭ)[Term?]بڑاڅ (bḷats)khaṭáanu
34narrowkʌyčàʰ, tʌ́ṅgतंग् (taṃg )بارىکى (bareki)tang
35thinʌšʌ̀tʰ, ċùn, nāzùkʰتۆن (ton), پَتلٕ (patlụ)[Term?]تھونک (thoónk), بارىکى (bareki)čúṇu*, tróku*
36womanistrížaزَنان (zanān)[Term?]عورَت (awrát)kúṛižamiɬeeṛi
37man (adult male)púruṣمرٕد (mrụd)[Term?]موش (moš)míišmačmaanuṣ
38man (human being)močاِنسان (insān)[Term?]ǰáanu
39childċunṓṭʰ, pʌṅgū́súdaشُر (śur), بَچہٕ (bacụ)[Term?]څےق (tseq), پھوک (phuk)kuṇaák, lhoókuبال (baál)kuẉa, zaatak
40wifeghʌrī̃́, ṭabʌ́r, bibī̀ǰaزَنانہٕ (zanānụ)[Term?]بوک (boók), اۨژغال (aẓɣáal)kúṛižami, ištrii
41husbandxʌvā̀n, bʌrī̀berúخانٛدار (khāndār), روٗن (rūn)[Term?]موش (moš)bharíiwbareu, mač
42mothermhʌỹ́lⁱ, yā̀áyaمٲی (mạ̄ī)[Term?]نان (nān)yéey
43fathertā̀, bā̀, bubā̀, mhā́ldádaمول (mōl)[Term?]تَت (tat)baábu, mháaludadi
44animalċārvʌ̀y, ċārpā̀, žānvʌ́r, bēžubā̀nhaywán, malahálزُوزٲژ (zuvzạ̄ċ)[Term?]ژانوار (žanwáar)haiwán, zinaawúr
45fishċhī́mگاڑ (gāḍ)[Term?]مَڅھی (matshí)reemáts
46birdċaklū́boyugrá, pač̣hĩ́yakپٔرِنٛدٕ (pạrindụ)यूका (yūkā)بوئک (boík)čalúṭipʰac̣i
47dogkuċʌ̀r, kùkʰ*šọ̃́aہوٗن (hūn)[Term?]رےنى (réeni)kučúru, kuṇéeki, kuṇóokukučuroo
48lousezúī̃, lhī́ṣ[Term?]ژُگ (žug)ǰhií∼*žũũ
49snakezā̀nسَرُپھ (saruph)[Term?]اَئی ()ǰhanduraá
50wormkimʌ̀ṭʰکیۆم (kyom)[Term?]گوغ (góoɣ)ghroónk
51treegī̀کُل (kul)[Term?]کان (káan)muṭmuṭ
52forestzaṅgʌ́lوَن (van)[Term?]adráx, zangalzaŋɡal
53stickلور (lōr)[Term?]وےتھُوک (vethúk)yhúṇḍi, lhaléemi, chéeṇi
54fruitsā́ṇḍپھَل (phal)[Term?]لاؤ (láu), مےوه (mewá)meewá
55seedbi[Term?]बीज़् (bīz)بى (bíi)bíiबीँ (bī̃)بِہ (bi)بِژ (biž)
56leafpọ̃پَن (pan), پَنہٕ ؤتھٕر (panhụ vạthụr)[Term?]paalaá
57root[Term?]मूल् (mūl )اىواک (iwaák)zeelái*, neeṛíi*
58bark (of a tree)lénḍu[Term?]बुर्ज़ (burz )لےنۨجُو (lénḥu)pátaṛ
59flowerphùṇḍ̊[Term?]पोश् (pōś )گَمبورى (gambúri)ghambúri
60grassghā́[Term?]गास (gās)گاز (gáaz)ǰabá
61rope[Term?]अबसुन् (abasun )شىمےنىráaǰ
62skincā̀m, pàṭʰ[Term?]च़म् (ċam )پھوست (phost)púustuچم (čam)
63meatmʌsī̀mos[Term?]माज़् (māz )پُوشور (pušúur)mhaás
64bloodrā́tʰḷúi[Term?]रथ् (rath )لیے (lei)ráat
65bonehā̀ṛ̊aṭhí[Term?]अडिजू॒ (aḍijū॒ )کوڑ (koóḷ)haáḍ
66fat (noun)gʌ̀ṇḍ̊, thúl, bhúpʰme[Term?]चरबी (carabī)زاغ (záaɣ)bhakúlu, čaáx, thúlu
67eggʌ̃ṛàʰayúkun, ónḍrak[Term?]ठूल् (ṭhūl )أىکُون (aíykun)haṇoó
68hornṣíṅgṣiŋ[Term?]ह्यंग् (hyaṃg )ṣíng
69tail[Term?]दुम (dum )رُوم (rúum)laméeṭi
70featherpā́c̣ʰpač̣[Term?]तीर्य (tīry)پوݯ (poc̣)pháaṭu
71hairbā̀l̥[Term?]वाल् (wāl )bóolu
72headṣìṣṣiṣ[Term?]कल (kal )ṣiṣ
73earkā̀nkọ̃[Term?]कन् (kan )کار (káar)kaṇ
74eyeʌỹ́c̣ʰⁱ, ā̃́c̣ʰ[Term?]अ॑छि॒ (a॑chi॒ )achíiĩĩč
75nose[Term?]नस् (nas )náasnaas
76mouth[Term?]चोँटु॒ (cōm̐ṭu॒ )dhut
77tooth[Term?]दन्द् (dand )dan
78tongue (organ)[Term?]ज़्यव् (zyaw)ǰip
79fingernailnā́kʰ[Term?]अ॑ङ्गु॒जू॒ (a॑ṅgu॒jū॒)náang
80foot[Term?]प॑दु॒ (pa॑du॒ )khur
81leg[Term?]ज़ंग् (zaṃg )khúṭ
82kneekùṭʰ[Term?]क्व॑ठु॒ (kwa॑ṭhu॒ )khúṭu
83handhā̀[Term?]अथ (ath )هوست (host)haátdaš
84wing[Term?]पख् (pakh )préku, pháaṭu
85bellyvʌỳrⁱkuč[Term?]य॑डू॒ (ya॑ḍū॒)ḍheér
86guts[Term?]अ॑न्द्रम् (a॑ndram )aandáaru
87neck[Term?]का॑रू॒ (kā॑rū॒ )máaṭu
88backpā́tʰ, vāpʌ̀spiṣṭ[Term?]थर् (thar )ḍóok
89breastċíċʰⁱčúču[Term?]बब् (bab )číči, kiroóṛ*, siiná*
90heartzhā́r, vʌžū̀d̥, hʌlālī́, hìū, hī̀[Term?]दिल् (dil )híṛuzaadi
91liver[Term?]जिगर् (jigar )ǰhangaár
92to drink[Term?]च्य॑नु॒ (cya॑nu॒ )dhruusíi, pílaप्योनॊ (pyōno)پِیوک (pyoók)pi
93to eat[Term?]ख्य॑नु॒ (khya॑nu॒ )khóoکَھوک (khoók)ži/žin, čap*, pʰak*khuwaan
94to bite[Term?]च़॑पु॒ (ċa॑pu॒ )čukíi
95to suck[Term?]च़्हुन् (ċhun )čuuṣíičũũṣ
96to spit[Term?]थ्वकुन् (thwakun )thúki
97to vomit[Term?]वमुन् (wamun )čháaḍa
98to blow[Term?]फुकुन् (phukun )phuukíi
99to breathe[Term?]शाह् ह्य॑नु॒ (śāh hya॑nu॒ )šiíš ghínašẽẽk
100to laugh[Term?]असुन् (asun )háansaãs
101to see[Term?]डेषुन् (ḍēṣun)ḍhoó díi, páašaपश्योनॊ (paśyōno)bin, dác̣*
102to hear[Term?]बोज़ुन् (bōzun )ṣúṇauštruun
103to know[Term?]ज़ानुन् (zānun )ǰhóonazaan
104to think[Term?]स्वर् करुन् (swar karun )číta, dúna, soóč thíi, xiaál thíi
105to smell[Term?]मुश्ख् ह्य॑नु॒ (muśkh hya॑nu॒ )ṣuumbóo
106to fear[Term?]डरुन् (ḍarun )bhíiaबिश़ोनॊ (biʒōno)بِجوک (biǰoók)žalaŋɡ
107to sleep[Term?]श्वंगुन् (śwaṃgun )níindrakook, ḍuŋɡ*suaan
108to live[Term?]ज़ुवुन् (zuwun )hóonsa
109to die[Term?]मरुन् (marun )máaranaṣṭ, br
110to kill[Term?]मारुन् (mārun )mhaaríimaar, žanmoraan
111to fight[Term?]हर् कर॑ञू॒ (har kara॑ñū॒ )bulooṣṭóo
112to hunt[Term?]शिकार् करुन् (śikār karun )neečíir bíi
113to hit[Term?]लायुन् (lāyun )ḍháaka, ǰíi, khaṇíiwiɡ
114to cut[Term?]कटुन् (kaṭun )čhína, lúna, phaalíi, ṭoḍusóočʰin, neeṭ/nieṭ*
115to split[Term?]फाटनावुन् (phāṭanāwun )bhaagíipʰaal
116to stab[Term?]ट्सुन् (ṭsun )
117to scratch[Term?]तछुन् (tachun )karooṛíi, pičhóokuč, dral, pũũc̣*
118to dig[Term?]खनुन् (khanun )karooṛíikʰuṣ
119to swim[Term?]छ़ाँठ् वाय॑ञू॒ (ċhām̐ṭh wāya॑ñū॒ )bhéengi ǰíi
120to fly[Term?]वुडुन (wuḍun )phútu, urbhíiundre
121to walk[Term?]पकुन् (pakun )gíra, tílaɡeew
122to come[Term?]अच़ुन् (aċun )nikhíi, ukhíi, whíi, yhíiyaan
123to lie (as in a bed)[Term?]लर् त्राव॑ञू॒ (lar trāwa॑ñū॒ )
124to sit[Term?]ब्यहुन् (byahun)نشىک (nišik)bhéšaniš
125to stand[Term?]थ॑दु॒ व्वथुन् (tha॑du॒ wwathun )uthíiurušt
126to turn (intransitive)[Term?]फेरनावुन् (phēranāwun )gíra, núuṭa, nuuṭóoɡirankʰaṭ
127to fall[Term?]दब् प्य॑नु॒ (dab pya॑nu॒ )čhínǰa, díi, lháasa, šíia, wháida
128to give[Term?]दिनु॒ (dinu॒ )díipr/pratdaan
129to hold[Term?]रटुन् (raṭun )ghašíi, ṭing thíi
130to squeeze[Term?]चीरुन् (cīrun )tsiipíipẉei
131to rub[Term?]मथुन् (mathun )makʰ
132to wash[Term?]छलुन् (chalun )dhóoc̣ip, duw
133to wipe[Term?]व्वथरुन् (wwatharun )pičhóo
134to pull[Term?]लमुन् (lamun )beeṣṭíi, dhrakíi, háara, traác̣ dí
135to push[Term?]दक दिनु॒ (daka dinu॒ )ṭookóodumuk
136to throw[Term?]डालुन् (ḍālun )galíi, ṣugalíi
137to tie[Term?]श्रुकु॒ छ़ुनुन् (śruku॒ ċhunun )ghaṇḍíiɡrẽẽṭ
138to sew[Term?]सुवुन् (suwun )sílaस्योनॊ (syōno)suuw
139to count[Term?]ग॑न्ज़्रावुन् (ga॑nzrāwun )lekhíileekʰ
140to say[Term?]वनुन् (wanun )maníi, thaníigan, kʰuṇḍ*
141to sing[Term?]ग्यवुन् (gyawun )rhoó díi
142to play[Term?]गिन्दुन् (gindun )šišoó thíimuuṣ
143to float[Term?]ईरुन् (īrun )šišoó thíi
144to flow[Term?]वगुन् (wagun )
145to freeze[Term?]ह॑न्द्रावुन् (ha॑ndrāwun )šid díi, šid ṣáačaooš
146to swell[Term?]ह्नुन् (hnun )pháambapʰam
147sun[Term?]सिरी (sirī )súurisuri
148moon[Term?]ज़ून् (zūn )yúun
149star[Term?]तारा (tārā )tóoru
150water[Term?]आब् (āb )wíiऑइ (oi)ao
151rain[Term?]बा॑रिश् (bā॑riś )báaṣاڙو (áẓo)
152river[Term?]द॑रि॒याव् (da॑ri॒yāw )سِیْن (sin)sooṇíi
153lake[Term?]डल् (ḍal )sáar
154sea[Term?]समंदर् (samaṃdar )samandár
155salt[Term?]नुनु॒ (nunu॒ )lhoóṇلن (lan)
156stone[Term?]पल् (pal )baṭbaaṭ
157sand[Term?]स्यख् (syakh )číčal
158dustū̀dhʌm, dhúṛ, bhúrget, khátur, udhọ̃́[Term?]गर्द् (gard )dúṛi
159earthzʌmī̀n, dhʌrī̃́, mā̀ċʰbhum[Term?]ज़मीन्न् (zamīnn)dharaáṇ
160cloudʌ̀ẓmen, menǰ[Term?]अ॑बुर् (a॑bur)áabru
161fognihā́r, lìṛⁱ[Term?]वुनल (wunal)dhun
162sky[Term?]अस्मान् (asmān )aaghaá
163wind[Term?]वाव् (wāw )húuši
164snow[Term?]शीन् (śīn )kir
165icekʌmúkʰ, sū́r[Term?]यख् (yakh )soórاوش (ōš)
166smoke[Term?]द्ह् (dh )dhuumíi, kaš thíi
167fireʌṅgā̀r, ā̃̀r, ū́r[Term?]अ॑गुन् (a॑gun ), नार् (nār )angóor
168ashnìgʌl*, tʌtrū́*ṣuṭík[Term?]सास् (sās )
169to burn[Term?]ज़ालुन् (zālun )daáǰaदयोनॊ (dayōno)جلو (jalu)luṣ*, looṣ*, prapaṭ
170road[Term?]सडख् (saḍakh )páand
171mountain[Term?]कोह् (kōh ), पर्बथ् (parbath )ɣar, kháaṇ
172red[Term?]व्वज़ुलु॒ (wwazulu॒ ), व्वज़॑लु (wwaza॑lu )lhóilulaic̣ʰaa
173greennī̀lⁱ[Term?]सब॑ज़ू॒ (saba॑zū॒ )níilu*niila
174yellow[Term?]ज़र्द् (zard )zeṛaarida
175white[Term?]सफेद् (saphēd )paṇáaruاُجَل (uǰal)ɡoora
176blackkiṣʌ̀ṽ, kī̀rkríṣna[Term?]कृ॑ह॑नु॒ (kṛ॑ha॑nu॒ ), काल (kāl )شا (šā)kriṣíṇuکِݜَن (kiṣan)krnaa, krinaa
177night[Term?]राथ् (rāth )raát, róot
178daydī̀sádua, bas*[Term?]द्यन् (dyan )deés
179year[Term?]वरिह् (warih )kaál
180warm[Term?]गर्म् (garm )táatu*ततॊ (táto)تاتوࣿ (taáto)
181coldtū̀, tramóna, tsrekhí[Term?]तू॑रुन् (tū॑run )šidáalusoor
182fullc̣upḕl, sā̀r[Term?]द्रुसु॒ (drusu॒ ), पूरु॒ (pūru॒ )purá
183new[Term?]न॑वु॒ (na॑wu॒ )náawu
184old[Term?]प्रोनु॒ (prōnu॒ )búuḍu, puróoṇuawaluka
185goodʌmlī̀, khʌ́raʰ, ṭhúkʌr, bʌ́r, maṛnʌ̀ỹ, mìtʰⁱ, šṓ, sʌ̀mʌṽ[Term?]खर (khar ), नेछ् (nēch)جم (jam)šúiabut
186badʌċhákʰ, apʌ̀ṭʰ, ʌbʌ̀sabás[Term?]यछ् (yach )kháaču, xaraápkʰača
187rotten[Term?]द्वदुरु॒ (dwaduru॒ )pac̣halíila
188dirtyapʌ̀ṭʰ, xirʌ́n, qʌbhīapráti, phalít, nazí, wạklóti[Term?]मल॑तु॒ (mala॑tu॒ )axsaá, ǰhuṭáمَلگَن (malgan)
189straight[Term?]स्य॑दु॒ (sya॑du॒ )c̣húuṇc̣u*
190round[Term?]डुलोमु॒ (ḍulōmu॒ )piṇḍúuru
191sharp (as a knife)[Term?]तेज़् (tēz )tíiṇuتین (tīn)
192dull (as a knife)apráti, ḍambá[Term?]म्वं॑डु॒ (mwaṃ॑ḍu॒ )búku
193smooth[Term?]पिश॑लु॒ (piśa॑lu॒ ), स॑मु॒ (sa॑mu॒ )
194wet[Term?]स्रोनु॒ (srōnu॒ )síndu
195dryispū̀r, šìkʰ, šikḕlṣúṣṭa, wilúna[Term?]ह्व॑खु॒ (hwa॑khu॒ )šúku
196correctbʌrābʌ́r, sʌ́īlazím, sahí[Term?]सही (sahī ), प्व॑ज़ु॒ (pwa॑zu॒ )sahí
197near[Term?]निशिन् (niśin ), नख (nakh)nhiáaṛa
198fardū́rdéša[Term?]दूरु॒ (dūru॒)dhúura
199right[Term?]दछिनि॒ (dachini॒ )deec̣híṇu
200left[Term?]खोव॑रु॒ (khōwa॑ru॒ )khúšu*
201atkay[Term?]निश् (niś ), other adpositions, usually with dativesangí, the
202inmʌ̀z, mʌ́n[Term?]अन्दर् (andar )maǰí, šíiṭi, wée
203with[Term?]बमै (bamai ), नाले (nālē )ghiní, kéeči, ki, sangí
204andtàʰ, tèʰ, tḕ, hā̃́že[Term?] (wa ), ब्यय (byay )ba, ee, óo, oór, ta
205if[Term?] (ai), अगर् (agar ), यद् (yad )ágar
206becausegìn-čèʰkóki, pháto[Term?]क्याज़ि (kyāzi )keéki
207name[Term?]नाव् (nāw )nóo