今

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See also: 令

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Stroke order
Mainland China
Stroke order
All regions except mainland China

Alternative forms

  • In all regions except mainland China, the stroke between 𠆢 and ㇇ for 今 (and its derived characters) is written with a horizontal 一 line.
  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing standardized form), the stroke between 𠆢 and ㇇ for 今 (and its derived characters) is written with a slanting 丶 dot instead.
  • In the historical Kangxi dictionary, the component below 𠆢 is written 一 followed by 𠃍 instead.

Han character

今 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓 (OIN) or 人一弓 (OMN), four-corner 80207, composition ⿱亽㇇(G) or ⿱亼㇇(HTJKV))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 358
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 105, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4ECA

Chinese

trad. 今
simp. # 今
alternative forms 𫢉
⿱𠆢𬼽
⿱𠆢下

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 今
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j12838
j12839
j12840
j12841
j12842
j12843
j12844
j12845
j12846
j12847
j12848
j12849
j12850
j12851
j12852
j12853
j12854
j12856
j12857
j12858
j12859
j12860
j12861
j12862
j12863
j12864
j12865
j12866
j12867
j12868
j12869
j12870
j12871
j12872
j12873
j12874
j12875
j12876
j12877
j12878
j12879
j12880
j12881
j12882
j12883
j12884
j12885
j12886
j12887
j12888
j12889
j12890
j12891
j12892
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j12894
j12895
j12896
j12897
j12898
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j12900
j12901
j12902
j12903
j12904
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j12906
j12907
j12908
j12909
j12910
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j12914
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j12918
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j12926
j12927
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j12938
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j12940
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j12942
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j12944
j12945
j12946
j12947
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j12950
j12951
j12952
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j12954
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j12960
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j13000
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j13008
j13009
j13010
j13011
j13012
j13013
j13014
j13015
j13016
j13017
j13018
j13019
j13020
j13021
j13022
j13023
j13024
b08008
b08009
b08010
b08011
b08012
b08013
b08014
b08015
b08016
b08017
b08018
b08019
b08020
b08021
b08022
b08023
b08024
b08025
b08026
b08027
b08028
b08029
s03768
Transcribed ancient scripts
L12486
L12487
L12488
L12489
L12490
L12491
L12492
L12493
L12494
L12495
L12496
L12497
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Ideogram (指事) – in the mouth. The derivative 含 (OC *ɡɯːm) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kin - colloquial;
  • kim - literary;
  • taⁿ - semantic (also written as 旦 (dàn) or 當／当 (dāng)).
Rime
Character 今
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居吟切
Baxter kim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kjim/
Li
Rong 		/kjəm/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 今
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]r[ə]m/
English now

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 今
Reading # 1/1
No. 6599
Phonetic
component 		今
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		金
Old
Chinese 		/*krɯm/
Notes 文源謂含初文

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 今

  1. now; at present; current
    Template:zh-syn
    今天  ―  jīntiān  ―  the current day; today
    從今以後／从今以后  ―  cóngjīnyǐhòu  ―  from now onwards.
  2. (literary, idiomatic) modern times
    Template:zh-syn
    Template:zh-ant
    古往今來／古往今来  ―  gǔwǎngjīnlái  ―  from ancient to modern times.
  3. this
    Template:zh-syn
    今次  ―  jīncì  ―  this time
    今日事，今日畢 ― jīnrì shì, jīnrì bì ― (literally) Matters of this day ought to be completed by this day.
  4. (Classical) thus; promptly
    Template:zh-syn
  5. (Classical) if
    Template:zh-syn
  6. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 現在 (“now”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 當今, 此時, 方今, 今朝, 如今, 而今, 今1, 茲, 乃今, 於今
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 現在, 現今, 現時, 當今, 此時, 此刻, 如今, 而今, 茲
Mandarin Beijing 現在, 現而今, 如今晚兒
Taiwan 現在
Tianjin 現如今, 當下
Ulanhot 現在
Tongliao 現在
Chifeng 現在
Bayanhot 現在
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 現在
Harbin 現在, 現如今, 現下, 現前兒
Shenyang 現在
Yantai (Muping) 這時晚兒, 現時晚兒
Jinan 現在, 如今, 現如今
Luoyang 現在, 而今, 現如今
Wanrong 人根, 移根
Xi'an 致兒, 現在
Yinchuan 現在
Lanzhou 賈
Ürümqi 眼下, 現在
Wuhan 如今, 此如今
Chengdu 這陣子, 這陣, 這下兒, 這個時候, 現在
Guiyang 這下, 這崗, 掌, 這歇, 這個時候
Kunming 現在
Guilin 現在
Liuzhou 一寁
Xuzhou 眼今, 眼是, 腳底下, 現如今, 現而今 dated, 至而今 dated
Yangzhou 現在
Nanjing 現在
Hefei 而今, 如今
Malaysia 現在
Singapore 現在
Cantonese Guangzhou 而家, 家下, 家陣
Hong Kong 而家, 家下, 家陣, 而家下 dated
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 那下
Macau 而家
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 而家
Taishan 該時
Dongguan 家下, 那下
Yangjiang 果陣
Xinyi 個陣
Nanning 而家, 而卡
Wuzhou 家陣, 而家
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 而家
Singapore (Guangfu) 而家
Gan Nanchang 現在, 如今
Lichuan 該行崽
Pingxiang 該仔, 如今
Hakka Meixian 今下, 今仔下, 現下
Xingning 如下
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 今1
Fengshun (Fengliang) 今時
Fengshun (Pantian) 今子
Huidong (Daling) 今下
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 如今
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 如今
Changting 如今
Wuping 今下
Wuping (Pingyu) 今1
Liancheng 已久
Ninghua 今子
Yudu 如今
Ruijin 如今, 今下子
Shicheng 今底
Shangyou (Shexi) 如今
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這下, 現下, 今下, 今時, 今這下
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這下, 現下, 今嘎, 今這下
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這下, 現下, 今這下
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這下, 現下, 今這下, 這滿
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這下, 現下, 今這下, 今下, 今時
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這下, 現時, 今這下, 這滿
Hong Kong 今下
Sabah (Bao'an) 今下, 今下子, 今下仔
Sabah (Longchuan) 今下
Senai (Huiyang) 今下
Kuching (Hepo) 呢下
Huizhou Jixi 爾歇
Shexian 爾扎兒
Jin Taiyuan 如今, 而今
Xinzhou 現時
Taibus (Baochang) 現在
Linhe 這咱會兒
Jining 這會兒
Hohhot 這會兒
Baotou 這會兒
Dongsheng 這會兒
Haibowan 如今
Northern Min Jian'ou 迦今, 今迦, 現刻
Jian'ou (Dikou) 迦
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 迦
Wuyishan 今下
Pucheng (Shibei) 迦, 今下
Eastern Min Fuzhou 現時, 現刻, 現在, 現今, 仱, 今旦日
Fuqing 現時
Ningde 現在, 仱
Fuding 足古
Southern Min Xiamen 這陣, 這滿, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 今2, 這氣
Quanzhou 這陣, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現當今, 今2, 際, 這氣
Zhangzhou 這陣, 這輒仔, 這輒, 這站仔, 這站, 這幫, 現主時, 現時, 現主在, 現在, 現曾, 今2, 這氣
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 現主清
Zhao'an 這陣, 這馬, 現在
Taipei 這馬
New Taipei (Sanxia) 這馬
Kaohsiung 今2, 這時, 這陣, 這馬
Yilan 今2, 這陣, 這馬
Changhua (Lukang) 這陣, 這馬, 這路尾
Taichung 這馬, 這陣
Taichung (Wuqi) 這馬
Tainan 今2, 這時, 這陣, 這馬, 這站, 現主時, 現這馬, 現步
Taitung 這馬
Hsinchu 這陣, 這馬
Kinmen 這陣
Penghu (Magong) 這陣, 今2, 這馬
Penang (Hokkien) 今仔, 當今
Singapore (Hokkien) 這陣, 這時, 當今, 這久, 這馬
Manila (Hokkien) 這陣, 現時, 現在, 現主時, 這際, 這時
Chaozhou 此在, 現在, 現時, 只陣
Shantou 現在, 現時, 只陣, 只回, 此在, 眼在
Shantou (Chenghai) 此在, 只陣
Jieyang 此在, 只時, 只回, 只陣
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 現在
Singapore (Teochew) 只陣, 當今
Pontianak (Teochew) 只旦
Leizhou 現旦
Wenchang 現旦
Haikou 現旦
Singapore (Hainanese) 現旦
Puxian Min Putian 丁
Xianyou 丁
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 而今
Wu Shanghai 現在, 乃, 葛歇, 搿歇, 搿個辰光, 迭歇, 迭個辰光
Shanghai (Chongming) 那末
Suzhou 現在, 姑歇, 哀歇, 該歇
Danyang 格歇候, 格娘收, 現在
Hangzhou 記歇
Wenzhou 恁界, 恁仰界
Jinhua 格孑
Xiang Changsha 如今, 如至今, 如嶄, 現在
Xiangtan 咯如在
Loudi 而界, 如今
Shuangfeng 侯基

Compounds

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Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji

今

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. now; at present

Readings

Compounds


Kanji in this term
今
いま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

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Adverb

今(いま) • (ima) 

  1. now
  2. just now
  3. soon

Related terms

Noun

今(いま) • (ima) 

  1. now; present
    今(いま)を生(い)きる
    ima o ikiru
    live in the now
    今(いま)はもうない。
    Ima wa mō nai.
    It does not exist any more. (lit. "now it is no longer existing.")
  2. just now
    Synonym: さっき
    今(いま)の声(こえ)
    ima no koe
    that voice just now
    なんだったんだろう、今(いま)の。
    Nan datta n darō, ima no.
    What was that just now…?

Synonyms

Derived terms

Terms derived from 今(いま) (ima):

Proper noun

今(こん) • (Kon) 

  1. a surname

References


Korean

Hanja

今 (eumhun 이제 금 (ije geum))

  1. now; at present

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

今: Hán Việt readings: kim[1][2][3], câm (居(cư)吟(ngâm)切(thiết))[1][2]
今: Nôm readings: kim[1][2][4][5], câm[1][2], căm[1], cầm[1], ngấm[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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