逆

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逆 U+9006, 逆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9006
← 逅
[U+9005] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逇 →
[U+9007]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

逆 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山 (YTU), four-corner 38304, composition ⿺辶屰)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1256, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3833, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9006

Chinese[edit]

trad. 逆
simp. # 逆
alternative forms 屰
𨒫

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斥 *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ
訴 *sŋaːɡs
泝 *sŋaːɡs
愬 *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ
遡 *sŋaːɡs
塑 *sŋaːɡs
溯 *sŋaːɡs
遻 *ŋaːɡs
柝 *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ
鶚 *ŋaːɡ
諤 *ŋaːɡ
齶 *ŋaːɡ
鍔 *ŋaːɡ
遌 *ŋaːɡ
崿 *ŋaːɡ
偔 *ŋaːɡ
堮 *ŋaːɡ
湂 *ŋaːɡ
鱷 *ŋaːɡ
噩 *ŋaːɡ
咢 *ŋaːɡ
鑩 *ŋaːɡ
鄂 *ŋaːɡ
鰐 *ŋaːɡ
萼 *ŋaːɡ
愕 *ŋaːɡ
顎 *ŋaːɡ
朔 *sŋraːɡ
槊 *sraːwɢ
蒴 *sraːwɢ
坼 *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
拆 *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
逆 *ŋraɡ
屰 *ŋraɡ
縌 *ŋraɡ
蝷 *reːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraɡ): semantic 辶 (“movement”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ, “go against”) – going in the opposite direction, contrary, disobedient.

Also originally written 屰, see there for more.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to receive, to welcome; to face, to go against”) and 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • jik6 - literary;
  • ngaak6 - vernacular.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • gia̍k/ge̍k - literary;
    • ke̍h - 桀 is used in the Mainland China.
    Note:
    • ngêg8/ngiag8 - literary;
    • gêh8 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 逆
    Mandarin Beijing /ni⁵¹/
    Harbin /ni⁵³/
    Tianjin /ni⁵³/
    Jinan /ȵi⁴²/ 新
    /i⁴²/
    Qingdao /ni⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /i⁴²/
    Xi'an /ni²¹/
    Xining /mji²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ni¹³/
    Lanzhou /ȵi¹³/
    Ürümqi /ȵi²¹³/
    Wuhan /ni²¹³/
    Chengdu /ȵie³¹/
    Guiyang /ni²¹/
    Kunming /ni³¹/
    Nanjing /liʔ⁵/
    Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /niəʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /niʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /niəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ȵiəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ȵai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ni²²/
    Tunxi
    Xiang Changsha /ȵi²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ȵi²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiak̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jek̚²/
    Nanning /nek̚²²/
    /ŋek̚²²/
    Hong Kong /jik̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gik̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋɛ⁴²/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋek̚³/
    Rime
    Character 逆
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 陌 (115)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 宜戟切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋˠiæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋᵚiak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋiɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jik6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 逆
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjæk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋrak/
    English go against

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 逆
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9474
    Phonetic
    component         		屰
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		逆
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋraɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    逆

    1. † to greet; to meet; to welcome
    2. † to accept
    3. to go against; to disobey
      逆流  ―  nìliú  ―  to go against the current
    4. to oppose; to resist
    5. opposite
      逆行  ―  nìxíng  ―  to go against the traffic
    6. † in advance
    7. † adverse; unfavourable
      逆境  ―  nìjìng  ―  adverse situations
    8. † rebel; traitor

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 逆

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    逆

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. reverse, opposite, upside-down
    2. opposition, rebellion

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    逆
    ぎゃく
    Grade: 5
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 逆 (MC ŋˠiæk̚).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adjective[edit]

    逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) -na (adnominal 逆(ぎゃく)な (gyaku na), adverbial 逆(ぎゃく)に (gyaku ni))

    1. reverse; contrary; opposite
      位置(いち)が逆(ぎゃく)なことに気(き)づく
      ichi ga gyaku na koto ni kizuku
      to notice that the positions are switched
      すごすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に普通(ふつう)
      sugosugite gyaku ni futsū
      so extraordinary that it's actually not that interesting
      クソすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に見(み)たい
      kusosugite gyaku ni mitai
      so shitty that on the contrary, I do want to see
      逆(ぎゃく)に知(し)りたい
      gyaku ni shiritai
      honestly, I want to know too
    2. (logic) converse
    Inflection[edit]
    Inflection of 逆
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 逆だろ ぎゃくだろ gyaku daro
    Continuative (連用形) 逆で ぎゃくで gyaku de
    Terminal (終止形) 逆だ ぎゃくだ gyaku da
    Attributive (連体形) 逆な ぎゃくな gyaku na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 逆なら ぎゃくなら gyaku nara
    Imperative (命令形) 逆であれ ぎゃくであれ gyaku de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 逆ではない
    逆じゃない         		ぎゃくではない
    ぎゃくじゃない         		gyaku de wa nai
    gyaku ja nai
    Informal past 逆だった ぎゃくだった gyaku datta
    Informal negative past 逆ではなかった
    逆じゃなかった         		ぎゃくではなかった
    ぎゃくじゃなかった         		gyaku de wa nakatta
    gyaku ja nakatta
    Formal 逆です ぎゃくです gyaku desu
    Formal negative 逆ではありません
    逆じゃありません         		ぎゃくではありません
    ぎゃくじゃありません         		gyaku de wa arimasen
    gyaku ja arimasen
    Formal past 逆でした ぎゃくでした gyaku deshita
    Formal negative past 逆ではありませんでした
    逆じゃありませんでした         		ぎゃくではありませんでした
    ぎゃくじゃありませんでした         		gyaku de wa arimasen deshita
    gyaku ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 逆で ぎゃくで gyaku de
    Conditional 逆なら（ば） ぎゃくなら（ば） gyaku nara (ba)
    Provisional 逆だったら ぎゃくだったら gyaku dattara
    Volitional 逆だろう ぎゃくだろう gyaku darō
    Adverbial 逆に ぎゃくに gyaku ni
    Degree 逆さ ぎゃくさ gyakusa
    See also[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) 

    1. reverse; contrary; opposite
      逆(ぎゃく)のアプローチ
      gyaku no apurōchi
      an opposite approach
    2. (logic) converse
    Antonyms[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) 

    1. reverse; contrary; opposite
      逆(ぎゃく)方(ほう)向(こう)
      gyakuhōkō
      opposite direction

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    逆
    さか
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 逆 – see the following entry.
    【さか】
    [noun] (uncommon) being upside-down, reversed, etc.
    [prefix] contrary, anti-, contra-
    Alternative spellings
    逆, 倒
    (This term, 逆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    逆 (eumhun 거스를 역 (geoseureul yeok))

    1. Hanja form? of 역 (“reverse; contrary; opposite”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    逆: Hán Nôm readings: nghịch, nghếch, nghệch, nghạch, ngược

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