得

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Translingual

Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

得 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人日一戈 (HOAMI), four-corner 26241, composition ⿰彳㝵)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10137
  • Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 828, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5F97

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 得
alternative forms 𠭁
𧴫
㝵

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 得
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (得) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
得 *tɯːɡ
淂 *tɯːɡ
棏 *dɯːɡ, *rtɯːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . The ancient form of 得 is 㝵, composed of 貝 (“cowry”) + 又 (“hand”) — to pick up a cowry > to obtain valuables. A component 彳 was sometimes added to show that the cowry was picked up on the road.

In the Qin Bamboo and Slip script:

  • a horizontal line was add to the 又, which means it is replaced with the related 寸. This is a feature of Qin script, and many characters which used to compound with 又 now compound with 寸.

In the Shuowen seal script:

  • the 貝 corrupts into something resembling 見. However, this should be an error of Shouwen, because it only can be only found in Shouwen rather historical Qin Seal script and Qin Bamboo and Slip script.

In the clerical script:

  • the 貝 simplified as 目 (“eye”), such simplification can be seen in its early form like Spring and Autumn and Warring States bronze inscriptions and Chu Bamboo an Silk script as well as other characters such as 具. Then it corrupts into 旦 (“dawn”) in later clerical script, and Regular script inherited it.

Etymology

Pulleyblank (1991) relates it to Tibetan ཐུབ (thub, “to be able to; to withstand”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • tit - vernacular;
  • tek/tiak - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 得
Mandarin Beijing /tɤ³⁵/
/tei²¹⁴/
Harbin /tɤ²⁴/ ～意
/tɤ²¹³/ ～病
Tianjin /tɤ⁴⁵/
/tei¹³/ ～虧
Jinan /tə²¹³/
/tei²¹³/
Qingdao /te⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /tei²¹/
Xining /ti⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ta¹³/
/tia¹³/
/tə¹³/
Lanzhou /tə¹³/
Ürümqi /tɤ⁵¹/
/tei⁵¹/
Wuhan /tɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /te³¹/
Guiyang /tɛ²¹/
Kunming /tə³¹/
Nanjing /təʔ⁵/
Hefei /tɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tiəʔ²/ ～罪
/təʔ²/ ～到
Pingyao /tiʌʔ¹³/ 吃～
/tʌʔ¹³/ ～手
Hohhot /tiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /təʔ⁵/
Suzhou /təʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /təʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /te²¹³/
Hui Shexian /teʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ti⁵/
Xiang Changsha /tə²⁴/
Xiangtan /tæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /tet̚¹/
Taoyuan /tet̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɐk̚⁵/
Nanning /tɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tik̚³²/
/tit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /taiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 得
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 多則切
Baxter tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tək̚/
Li
Rong 		/tək̚/
Wang
Li 		/tək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		de
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 得
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁək/
English obtain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 得
Reading # 1/1
No. 2165
Phonetic
component 		得
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		德
Old
Chinese 		/*tɯːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 得

  1. to get; to obtain; to gain, to acquire
    他得了個壞名聲。 [MSC, trad.]
    他得了个坏名声。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā dé le ge huài míngshēng. [Pinyin]
    He gained a bad reputation.
  2. to contract (disease); to become ill with
  3. to result in; to produce
  4. to be ready; finished
  5. to suit; to fit
  6. fit; proper
  7. satisfied; contented
  8. (formal, often used in the negative) can; may; to be permitted
  9. (Cantonese) to only have; to just have
    得佢想去公園咋。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    得佢想去公园咋。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    dak1 keoi5 soeng2 heoi3 gung1 jyun4-2 zaa3. [Jyutping]
    Only he wants to go to the park.
    得返一分鐘。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    得返一分钟。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    dak1 faan1 jat1 fan1 zung1. [Jyutping]
    There's just one minute left.
  10. interjective particle expressing approval or prohibition; see 得了
    得了，別再說了。 [MSC, trad.]
    得了，别再说了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dé le, bié zài shuō le. [Pinyin]
    OK! OK! That's enough.
    得喇，知道喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    dak1 laa3, zi1 dou3 laa3. [Jyutping]
    OK! Got it.
  11. interjective particle expressing frustration or helplessness

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • tiak - literary;
    • tit - vernacular.

    Definitions

    (deprecated template usage) 得

    1. Used after a verb or an adjective and before a complement.
      好得很  ―  hǎo de hěn  ―  very good
      他痛得直哭。  ―  Tā tòng de zhí kū.  ―  He is in so much pain that he won't stop crying.
      他跑得快。  ―  Tā pǎo de kuài.  ―  He runs fast.
      他跑得像一陣風。 [MSC, trad.]
      他跑得像一阵风。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā pǎo de xiàng yī zhèn fēng. [Pinyin]
      He runs like wind.
      看得見／看得见  ―  kàn de jiàn  ―  able to see
      他畫得好。／他画得好。  ―  Tā huà de hǎo.  ―  He paints well.
      alt. forms: 的 historical or nonstandard
    2. Used after a verb to express possibility or capability.
      吃得  ―  chī de  ―  eatable, edible
      做不得  ―  zuò bù de  ―  must not be done
      這雙鞋穿得。／这双鞋穿得。  ―  Zhè shuāng xié chuān de.  ―  These shoes fit well.
      這個人批評不得。 [MSC, trad.]
      这个人批评不得。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhège rén pīpíng bù de. [Pinyin]
      He's not a man to criticize.
      alt. forms: 的 historical or nonstandard

    Usage notes

    • When it is used between a verb and the complement, and the complement is used to indicate possibility or capacity, the negative form replaces 得 with 不 (bù).
      If there is no complement, or if the complement describes the result or the extent of the verb, the negative form has 得不 in the place of 得.
    • If it is used after a verb-object construction, the verb is repeated again as "verb-object-verb-得-complement".
      "Object-verb-得-complement" is also used.
      • 字寫得好／字写得好  ―  zì xiě de hǎo  ―  characters being well-written

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 3

    Definitions

    (deprecated template usage) 得

    1. (colloquial) to need (something)
    2. (colloquial) must; to have to
      我得走了。  ―  Wǒ děi zǒu le.  ―  I must go (now).
      ……是種病，得治！ [MSC, trad.]
      ……是种病，得治！ [MSC, simp.]
      ...... shì zhǒng bìng, děi zhì! [Pinyin]
      ... is actually an illness. It has to be treated! (humorous, slang)

    Synonyms

    • (must):
    (deprecated template usage)

    Compounds

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    References

    (deprecated template usage)

    Japanese

    Kanji

    得

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. acquire

    Readings

    Derived terms

    Korean

    Hanja

    得 • (deuk) (hangeul 득, revised deuk, McCune–Reischauer tŭk, Yale tuk)

    1. obtain, achieve
    2. gain, benefit
    3. satisfaction
    4. virtue (same as 德)

    Derived terms

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    (deprecated template usage) 得 (đắc, được, đác, đắt)

    1. to get, to obtain.

    References

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