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Justinrleung (talk | contribs) →Definitions: not really a possessive particle in standard Cantonese - the example sentence has a classifier - we can replace it with 住響你屋企*隻*貓 - also reworded the sentence to make it more sensible |
Justinrleung (talk | contribs) →Pronunciation: +gě |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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{{zh-pron |
{{zh-pron |
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|m=gè,ge |
|m=gè,ge,gě |
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|m_note=ge - classifier |
|m_note=ge - classifier; gě - colloquial, used in {{zh-l|*自個兒}} |
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|m-s=go4 |
|m-s=go4 |
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|c=go3 |
|c=go3 |
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Revision as of 16:48, 14 July 2018
See also: 个
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
個 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人田十口 (OWJR), four-corner 26200, composition ⿰亻固)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 758
- Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 178, character 3
- Unihan data for U+500B
Chinese
| trad. | 個/箇 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 个 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 箇 | *kaːls |
| 個 | *kaːls |
| 居 | *kɯ, *kas |
| 橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
| 嫴 | *kaː |
| 姑 | *kaː |
| 辜 | *kaː |
| 酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
| 蛄 | *kaː |
| 鴣 | *kaː |
| 沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
| 盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
| 古 | *kaːʔ |
| 罟 | *kaːʔ |
| 估 | *kaːʔ |
| 鈷 | *kaːʔ |
| 詁 | *kaːʔ |
| 牯 | *kaːʔ |
| 故 | *kaːs |
| 固 | *kaːs |
| 稒 | *kaːɡs |
| 痼 | *kaːɡs |
| 錮 | *kaːɡs |
| 鯝 | *kaːɡs |
| 棝 | *kaːɡs |
| 凅 | *kaːɡs |
| 枯 | *kʰaː |
| 軲 | *kʰaː |
| 跍 | *kʰaː |
| 骷 | *kʰaː |
| 苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
| 葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
| 餬 | *ɡaː |
| 瑚 | *ɡaː |
| 湖 | *ɡaː |
| 鶘 | *ɡaː |
| 猢 | *ɡaː |
| 醐 | *ɡaː |
| 糊 | *ɡaː |
| 箶 | *ɡaː |
| 蝴 | *ɡaː |
| 胡 | *ɡaː |
| 瓳 | *ɡaː |
| 怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
| 楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 据 | *ka |
| 裾 | *ka |
| 琚 | *ka |
| 椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
| 鶋 | *ka |
| 蜛 | *ka |
| 崌 | *ka |
| 涺 | *ka |
| 腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
| 鋸 | *kas |
| 倨 | *kas |
| 踞 | *kas |
| 涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːls) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
Etymology
The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ (mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน (gâan, “stem, stalk”).
Pronunciation
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Definitions
- piece; item; individual
- size; height
- separate; respective; separately; individually
- single; alone
- (dialectal) one
- The generic classifier for people or for things lacking specific classifiers.
- Classifier for hours and months.
- Alternative classifier, for nouns having specific classifiers. Often colloquial and regional. Usage varies greatly between different topolects.
- 一個井／一个井 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― jat1 go3 zeng2 [Jyutping] ― a well
- 一個房／一个房 [Guangzhou Cantonese] ― jat1 go3 fong4-2 [Jyutping] ― a room
- (Cantonese) Classifier for yuan, dollars, etc., used when followed by cents.
- (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and numbers, showing that the following numbers are approximate, not accurate.
- (Mandarin, Cantonese, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and its object or complement, adding a sense of ease, swiftness and one-offness to the action.
- (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle used after 些 (xiē).
- (dialectal Mandarin) Particle used in some time-related words.
- (obsolete, Wu, Xiang, Gan, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Min) (= 搿) this; that
- (Cantonese, Wu) Word-initial particle, serving as the definite article.
- (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Wu, Teochew) Possessive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (de).
- 我個小囡／我个小囡 [Shanghainese] ― my child
- 客家個精神／客家个精神 [Sixian Hakka] ― hak-kâ ke chîn-sṳ̀n [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― the Hakka spirit
- (dialectal) Sentence-final declarative, affirmative, or prohibitive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (de), 了 (le).
- (often dialectal) Emphatic particle between a pronoun and a noun, usually to highlight some negative quality of the person.
Usage notes
- For Min Nan, Taiwan's Ministry of Education recommends 个 for the general classifier ê and 的 for the possessive particle to differentiate them from 個 (kò).
- For Hakka, Taiwan's Ministry of Education recommends 个 for the possessive particle.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 個 (“(classifier for people)”) [map]
Compounds
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Descendants
Others:
- Vietnamese: cái
Japanese
Kanji
個
Readings
Counter
- item, article, thing
- あの枝に桜ん坊が十二個だけあります。
- Ano eda ni sakuranbo ga jūni-ko dake arimasu.
- There are only twelve cherries on that branch.
- あの枝に桜ん坊が十二個だけあります。
Usage notes
This is the most generic counter in Japanese. It can be used to count just about anything.
Korean
Hanja
個 • (gae) (hangeul 개, McCune–Reischauer kae)
- a piece
- a unit
- an item.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 個 (cá, cái)
- generic classifier
References
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese dialectal terms
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Cantonese Chinese
- Mandarin Chinese
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Wu Chinese
- Xiang Chinese
- Gan Chinese
- Min Chinese
- Wu terms with usage examples
- Hakka Chinese
- Teochew Chinese
- Hakka terms with usage examples
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 5 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading か
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か
- Japanese kanji with tōon reading こ
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese counters
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 個
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters