ni
English
Pronunciation
Audio (GA) (file)
Noun
ni
See also
Anagrams
Abinomn
Pronoun
ni
- you (singular)
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *nū, from Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate to Sanskrit नू (nū, “now”).[1] Often occurs in coordination with other particles, compare tani, nani, nime.
Adverb
ni
Alternative forms
Related terms
References
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
Asturian
Noun
ni f (uncountable)
- nu (name for the letter of the Greek alphabet: Ν and ν)
Basque
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Pronoun
ni
- I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
Biloxi
Noun
ni
- Synonym of ani (“water”)
References
- David Kaufman, Tanêks-Tąyosą Kadakathi: Biloxi-English Dictionary (University of Kansas, 2011, →ISBN, page 34
Breton
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.
Pronoun
ni
- we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.
Noun
ni m (plural nied)
Catalan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Conjunction
ni
Etymology 2
Noun
ni f (plural nis)
Danish
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende | ||
Etymology
From Old Norse níu, from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”).
Pronunciation
Numeral
ni
Dumbea
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
References
- Template:cite. Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Template:cite. Cited in: "Drubea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
Determiner
ni
- this.
Pronoun
ni
- this.
Esperanto
Etymology
From Italian noi, French nous, Spanish nos, Latin nos, plus the i of personal pronouns.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni (first-person plural, accusative nin, possessive nia)
- we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
- Ni batis lin.
- We hit him.
- Ni batis lin.
- ourselves
- Ni diris al ni.
- We said to ourselves.
- Ni diris al ni.
French
Etymology
From Middle French ny, from Old French ne, from Latin nec.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ni
Usage notes
- Chiefly used at least twice in the same sentence the same way neither and nor would be used in an English sentence, such as ni riche, ni pauvre (“neither rich nor poor”).
See also
Further reading
- “ni”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Gothic
Romanization
ni
- Romanization of 𐌽𐌹
Hausa
Pronoun
nī
- I (1st person singular pronoun)
Hungarian
Etymology
Native development with a debated origin:[1]
- Shortened from nézd (“look!”) ~ nízd (a dialectal variant).
- An onomatopoeia expressing astonishment.
Pronunciation
Interjection
ni
- (colloquial) lo!, look!
- Itt van ni! ― Look! Here it is!
Usage notes
Most of the time it is used in its duplicated form: nini!
References
- ^ ni in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Idi
Noun
ni
References
Ido
Pronoun
ni
- (personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Ingrian
Pronoun
ni
Interlingua
Alternative forms
Etymology
From French and Spanish ni, from Latin nec (“and not”).
Adverb
ni
- and not.
- Io non sape, ni vole saper ― I don’t know, and I don’t want to know
- Neither, nor.
- Illo ni me place ni displace ― It neither pleases me nor displeases me
- And, or (following a "with no" or "without").
- Nos debe resister sin aqua ni alimento ― We must resist with no water or food
Italian
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -i
Etymology 1
Adverb
ni
Etymology 2
Noun
ni m or f (uncountable)
- nu (Greek letter)
Anagrams
Japanese
Romanization
ni
Kamano
Alternative forms
Noun
ni
References
- The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN
Kansa
Noun
ni
References
- Kansa dictionary
- Quapaw dictionary, in notes: "ni (ni) - water, river, liquid (Kanza)"
Kedah Malay
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
- you (singular)
Klao
Noun
ni
References
- World Lexicon of Grammaticalization (2002, →ISBN
Laboya
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
References
- Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “ni”, in Lamboya word list[2], Leiden: LexiRumah
Latin
Alternative forms
- nei (in old orthography)
Etymology
From Old Latin nei, from Proto-Indo-European *néy (“not”), from *ne. Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹 (nei), Lithuanian nei, Old Church Slavonic ни (ni) and Old Irish ní. See also nē.
Pronunciation
Adverb
nī (not comparable)
Derived terms
Conjunction
nī
- not, that not, unless; like ne in imperative and intentional clauses
- Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas.
- Vinum aliudve quid ni laudato.
- Numa constituit, ut pisces, qui squamosi non essent, ni pollucerent ... ni qui ad polluctum emerent.
Ligurian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ni
Livonian
Etymology
Akin to Finnish nyt.
Adverb
ni
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German nie, from Old High German nio. Cognate with German nie.
Pronunciation
Adverb
ni
Synonyms
Malay
Alternative forms
Etymology
Shortened form of ini, from Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.
Pronunciation
Determiner
ni
- this (the (thing) here)
- this (known (thing) just mentioned)
- this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)
- this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)
Pronoun
ni
- this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)
Mandarin
Romanization
- Nonstandard spelling of nī.
- Nonstandard spelling of ní.
- Nonstandard spelling of nǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of nì.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Marshallese
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
- coconut tree
Related terms
- iu (coconut)
References
Pronoun
ni
- second person singular pronoun you
- Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.
- You and I are really good friends.
- Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.
- second person singular possessive pronoun yours
- Díí naaltsoos éí ni.
- This book is yours.
- Díí naaltsoos éí ni.
Usage notes
The verb in Navajo incorporates information about person, and many sentences may thus not have explicit independent pronouns. For instance:
- Hooghandi naniná.
- Ni éí hooghandi naniná.
Both sentences are grammatically complete, and mean essentially the same thing: you are at home. The verb naniná is in the second-person form, so the pronoun can be safely omitted, as in the first sentence. This is similar to pronoun dropping in other languages where the verb specifies person, such as Spanish. Meanwhile, the explicit use of ni in the second sentence emphasizes that the speaker is talking about you. This can be thought of as roughly equivalent to the use of emphasis in English: while the first sentence comes across as you're at home, the second one is more like you, you're at home.
See also
Ningil
Noun
ni
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
- Margaret Manning, Naomi Saggers, A Tentative Phonemic Analysis of Ningil (SIL), in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/
Norwegian Bokmål
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende | ||
Etymology
From Old Norse níu (whence also Danish ni, Icelandic níu, Faroese níggju and Swedish nio) from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun); Old English niġon (English nine); Old Frisian nigun (West Frisian njoggen); Old High German niun (German neun).
Pronunciation
Numeral
ni
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- “ni” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Numeral
ni
Derived terms
References
- “ni” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Novial
Conjunction
Lua error in Module:headword at line 632: Entries in Novial must be placed in the Appendix: namespace
Nutabe
Noun
ni
References
- Paul Rivet, Nouvelle contribution à l’étude de l’ethnologie précolombienne de Colombie, Journal de la Société des Américanistes volume 35, pages 25-39 (1943), page 26
Old High German
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Particle
ni
Descendants
Old Irish
Particle
ni
- Alternative spelling of ní
Omaha-Ponca
Noun
ni
References
- Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Francis La Flesche, The Omaha Tribe (1970), page 166
Polish
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ni
Derived terms
Particle
ni
Further reading
- ni in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- Template:R:PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῦ (nû).
Noun
ni f (plural nis)
- nu (the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet).
Romanian
Pronoun
ni
Usage notes
This form is used when ne (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:
- îl (the accusative of el, contracted as ni-l)
- îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as ni-i)
- le (the accusative of ele)
- se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)
See also
Samoan
Article
ni
- some (plural indefinite article)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nej, from Proto-Indo-European *ney. Compare ni-, ne.
Particle
ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
- (emphasizes negation) even, either
- ni ja to ne znam — even I don't know that; I don't know that either
- nisam hteo/htio ni da čujem za pr(ij)edlog — I didn't even want to listen about the proposal
Conjunction
ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
- (shortening of niti) neither, nor
- ona nije ni pametna ni(ti) marljiva — she is neither smart nor industrious
- ni traga ni glasa o .. — not a trace about ..
- ni kriv ni dužan — completely innocent (lit. neither guilty nor indebted)
Sicilian
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
Inflection
nominative | nuàutri |
---|---|
prepositional | nuàutri |
accusative | ni |
dative | ni |
reflexive | ni |
possessive | nostru |
See also
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Conjunction
ni
- (coordinating) neither... nor
- Ni Juan, ni Pedro ni Felipe te darán la razón.
- Neither John, nor Peter, nor Phillip will give you the reason.
- nor, or
- No descansa de día ni de noche.
- He doesn't rest at day or at night.
Derived terms
Adverb
ni
Antonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
ni f (plural níes)
Synonyms
Swahili
Verb
ni
Usage notes
This lemma is the only Swahili verb that is never inflected -- for the inflected form of English to be, see -wa.
Prefix
ni
- Marks a verb's object as 1st person singular.
- wananipenda
- They like me
- wananipenda
Swedish
Etymology
Since 1661, through contraction of the Old Swedish verb suffix -(e)n ("yon") and the older pronoun I ("ye"), e.g. vissten i > visste ni (“did you know”). Compare Icelandic þér and þið which developed similarly. The Old Swedish ī, ir derive from Old Norse ír, variant of ér, þér, from Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
- you (plural nominative)
- you (second-person singular nominative formal) (capitalized Ni, rare in modern use)
Usage notes
Both ni and er are second person plural forms, but can also be used as formal second person singular, as in the German Sie or French vous. It may sometimes also be capitalized (Ni, Er) The courteous "ni" was introduced in Swedish around the year 1900 as an alternative to the more complicated pattern of addressing others in the third person singular by their appropriate titles. This required knowledge of social status, occupation, educations, etc. with terms like fru (“Mrs.”) or fröken (“Ms.”), greve (“count”), kamrer (“accountant”), kandidat (“bachelor's degree holder”), etc. This was phased out gradually during the 1960s and 1970s in the so-called du-reformen, (“the you-reform”). In contemporary Swedish, du is universal and may be used to address anyone, regardless of differences in social status or age.
Ni is used occasionally by younger speakers to address customers, though this is often seen as being overly formal and too contrived, especially by older speakers. Formality and politeness in Swedish is not conveyed through specific grammatical forms, is primarily done through indirectness, manners of speaking or various other behavior.
Declension
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
Anagrams
Tagalog
Pronunciation
Preposition
ni
- Of; possessive particle. Used only with personal names.
- bisikleta ni Juan ― Juan's bicycle
- Objective marker for personal names—objective form of si; functional equivalent of ng.
Unami
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
Ura (Vanuatu)
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
Further reading
- Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)
Uzbek
Particle
ni (Cyrillic ни)
- accusative case marker. It is placed after the direct object of a transitive verb.
- Men O'zbek tilini o'rganyapman.
- I am studying Uzbek.
Veps
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian ни (ni).
Determiner
ni
Inflection
Not inflected.
Conjunction
ni ... ni
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
Etymology
See này. This is one of many cases in which monophthongs were not diphthongized in Central Vietnamese, compare mày vs. mi, chấy vs. chí, nước vs. nác.
Pronunciation
Determiner
ni
Adverb
ni
Welsh
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.
Pronoun
ni
Usage notes
In South Wales, the pronoun ni can be used by itself colloquially where the affirmative first-person plural present tense of the verb ‘to be’ (ŷn) would be expected, e.g. Ni’n mynd i edrych o gwmpas yr amgueddfa. (“We’re going to look around the museum.”) instead of Ŷn ni’n mynd....
Etymology 2
From Proto-Celtic *nīs, from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”).
Adverb
ni
Yil
Noun
ni
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
- A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik Province, in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/
Zou
Noun
ni
Numeral
ni
References
Zulu
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
-ni?
- what (kind of)
Inflection
Enumerative concord, tone H | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | ||||
Class 1 | muni | |||
Class 2 | bani | |||
Class 3 | muni | |||
Class 4 | mini | |||
Class 5 | lini | |||
Class 6 | mani | |||
Class 7 | sini | |||
Class 8 | zini | |||
Class 9 | yini | |||
Class 10 | zini | |||
Class 11 | luni | |||
Class 14 | buni | |||
Class 15 | kuni | |||
Class 17 | kuni |
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
-ni
- Combining stem of nina.
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”
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