lord
English
Etymology
From Middle English lord and lorde (attested from the 15th century), from earlier (14th century) lourde and other variants which dropped the intervocalic consonant of earlier lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, and lhoaverd; from Old English hlāford < hlāfweard, a compound of hlāf (“bread”) + weard (“guardian”); see loaf and ward. The term was already being applied broadly prior to the literary development of Old English and was influenced by its common use to translate Latin dominus. Compare Scots laird (“lord”), preserving a separate vowel development (from northern/Scottish Middle English lard, laverd), the Old English compound hlāf-ǣta (“servant”, literally “bread-eater”), and modern English lady, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“bread-kneader”).[1] The Middle English word laford was borrowed by Icelandic, where it survives as lávarður.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "RP" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /lɔːd/
Audio (UK): (file) - Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "GA" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /lɔɹd/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (AU): (file) - Homophone: lored (in accents with the horse-hoarse merger)
- Homophone: laud (in non-rhotic accents)
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)d
Noun
lord (plural lords)
- (obsolete) The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 24:46:
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 167:
- 1766, William Blackstone, chapter 418, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book II (Of the Rights of Things), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:
- Lords of manors are distinguished from other land-owners with regard to the game.
- (archaic) The male head of a household, a father or husband.
- 831, charter in Henry Sweet, The oldest English texts, 445
- Ymbe ðet lond et cert ðe hire eðelmod hire hlabard salde.
- 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC:
- c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], line 131:
- Pet. Katherine, I charge thee, tell theſe head-ſtrong women,
What dutie they doe owe their Lords and huſbands!
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 18:12:
- 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter XVI, in Emma: […], volume III, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 300:
- Yes, here I am, my good friend; and here I have been so long, that anywhere else I should think it necessary to apologise; but, the truth is, that I am waiting for my lord and master.
- 831, charter in Henry Sweet, The oldest English texts, 445
- (archaic) The owner of a house, piece of land, or other possession
- ante 1300, Cursor Mundi, 601 f.
- 1480, Waterford Archives in the 10th Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (1885), App. v. 316
- ante 1637, Ben Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. i. 36
- A mightie Lord of Swine!
- 1697, Virgil, “The Twelfth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- Turnus […]
Wrench'd from his feeble hold the shining Sword;
And plung'd it in the Bosom of its Lord.
- 1874, J. H. Collins, Principles of Metal Mining (1875), Gloss. 139/2
- Lord, the owner of the land in which a mine is situated is called the ‘lord’.
- One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)
- c. 893, Orosius's History, i. i. §13
- Ohthere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt...
- 1530, John Palsgrave, Lesclarcissement, 680/1
- 1667, John Milton, “Book Expression error: Unrecognized word "xii".”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC:
- Man over men He made not Lord.
- (historical) A feudal tenant holding his manor directly of the king
- A peer of the realm, particularly a temporal one
- ante 1420, T. Hoccleve, De Regimine Principum, 442
- 1453, Rolls of Parliament, V. 266/2
- 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene 1], line 18:
- 1614, J. Selden, Titles of Honor, 59
- 1900 July 21, Daily Express:
- The Englishman of to-day still dearly loves a lord.
- (obsolete, uncommon) A baron or lesser nobleman, as opposed to greater ones
- 1526, W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection, i. sig. Bviiiv
- 1826, Benjamin Disraeli, Vivian Grey, II. iii. iii. 26
- The Marquess played off the two Lords and the Baronet against his former friend.
- c. 893, Orosius's History, i. i. §13
- One possessing similar mastery in figurative senses (esp. as lord of ~)
- ante 1300, Cursor Mundi, 782
- 1398, John Trevisa translating Bartholomew de Glanville's De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495), viii. xvi. 322
- 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- Love is Lord of all.
- 1895, Kenneth Graham, The Golden Age, London, page 8:
- The masterful wind was up and out, shouting and chasing, the lord of the morning.
- 1992 November 18, Larry David, Seinfeld, 4.11: "The Contest":
- But are you still master of your domain?
- I am king of the county. You?
- Lord of the manor.
- A magnate of a trade or profession.
- The Tobacco Lords were a group of Scottish merchants and slave traders who in the 18th century made enormous fortunes by trading in tobacco.
- 1823, W. Cobbett, Rural Rides (1885), I. 399
- Oh, Oh! The cotton Lords are tearing!
- (astrology) The heavenly body considered to possess a dominant influence over an event, time, etc.
- c. 1391 Geoffrey Chaucer, Treatise on the Astrolabe, ii. §4:
- (British, slang, obsolete) A hunchback.
- 1699, B.E., A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew:
- Lord, a very crooked, deformed... Person.
- 1699, B.E., A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew:
- (British, Australia, via Cockney rhyming slang, obsolete) Sixpence.
- 1933 November 16, Times Literary Supplement, 782/1:
- Twenty years ago you might hear a sixpence described as a ‘Lord’ meaning ‘Lord of the Manor’; that is, a tanner.
- 1933 November 16, Times Literary Supplement, 782/1:
Synonyms
- (master, owner): drighten, possessor, proprietor, sovereign
Derived terms
- drunk as a lord
- House of Lords
- laird
- landlord
- lorddom
- lord-fish
- lordful
- lordhood
- lord in gross
- lord-in-waiting
- lordish
- lord it over
- lordless
- lordlike
- lordliness
- lordly
- Lord Mayor
- lord mesne
- lordness
- lord of the bedchamber
- lord of the manor
- lord paramount
- lordship
- lords of creation
- Lords Spiritual
- Lords Temporal
- lord superior
- lordy
- overlord
- slumlord
- warlord
Descendants
- Belizean Creole: laad
- → Bengali: লাট (laṭ)
- → Hindi: लाट (lāṭ)
- → Faroese: lordur
- Gullah: lawd
- → Hungarian: lord
- → Italian: lord
- Jamaican Creole: lord
- Pijin: lod
- → Portuguese: lorde
- → Russian: ло́рд (lórd)
- → Serbo-Croatian: lȍrd / ло̏рд
- → Spanish: lord
- Torres Strait Creole: lod
- → Turkish: lord
- → Yiddish: לאָרד (lord)
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
Verb
lord (third-person singular simple present lords, present participle lording, simple past and past participle lorded)
- (intransitive and transitive) Domineer or act like a lord.
- 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “December. Ægloga Duodecima.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], →OCLC:
- The grisly toadstool grown there might I see, / And loathed paddocks lording on the same.
- (transitive) To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord; to grant the title of lord.
- c. 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act 1, Scene 2:
- He being thus lorded / Not only with what my revenue yielded, / But what my power might else exact, […] / he did believe / He was indeed the Duke
Synonyms
Derived terms
- (act like a lord): lord it over
Translations
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References
- “lord”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “lord”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "lord, n.". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1903.
Faroese
Pronunciation
Noun
lord
Hungarian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
lord (plural lordok)
- lord (English nobleman or aristocrat)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | lord | lordok |
accusative | lordot | lordokat |
dative | lordnak | lordoknak |
instrumental | lorddal | lordokkal |
causal-final | lordért | lordokért |
translative | lorddá | lordokká |
terminative | lordig | lordokig |
essive-formal | lordként | lordokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | lordban | lordokban |
superessive | lordon | lordokon |
adessive | lordnál | lordoknál |
illative | lordba | lordokba |
sublative | lordra | lordokra |
allative | lordhoz | lordokhoz |
elative | lordból | lordokból |
delative | lordról | lordokról |
ablative | lordtól | lordoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
lordé | lordoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
lordéi | lordokéi |
Possessive forms of lord | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | lordom | lordjaim |
2nd person sing. | lordod | lordjaid |
3rd person sing. | lordja | lordjai |
1st person plural | lordunk | lordjaink |
2nd person plural | lordotok | lordjaitok |
3rd person plural | lordjuk | lordjaik |
References
- ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Further reading
- lord in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Italian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
lord m (invariable)
References
- ^ lord in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English hlāford, hlāfweard, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + weard (“ward, guardian, keeper”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lɔːrd/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Early ME" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈlɔːwərd/, /ˈlɔːvərd/
Noun
lord (plural lordes)
- lord (important man)
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "recto" is not used by this template.
- Lord (title of God)
Derived terms
Descendants
- English: lord (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: laird
- Yola: loard
- → Icelandic: lávarður (through laverd)
References
- “lōrd, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Proper noun
lord
- (Christianity) Lord: Jesus Christ, God the Son
- c. 1400 Lay Folks Mass, Bk. App. iii. 125:
- Þou art a sooþfaste leche, lord.
- c. 1400 Lay Folks Mass, Bk. App. iii. 125:
Interjection
lord
- (originally an invocation) Lord: an interjection variously expressing astonishment, surprise, resignation
- c. 1384 John Wyclif, Selected Works, III.358:
- Lord! in tyme of Jesus Crist ... were men not bounden to shryve hem þus.
- c. 1400 Lanfranc of Milan, Practica (trans. as The Science of Chirgurie), 298:
- O lord, whi is it so greet difference betwix a cirurgian & a phisician.
- c. 1384 John Wyclif, Selected Works, III.358:
See also
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from English lord, from Middle English lord and lorde, from lourde, from lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, lhoaverd, from Old English hlāford, from hlāfweard.
Pronunciation
Noun
lord m pers
Declension
Related terms
Further reading
- lord in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- lord in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From English lord or French lord.
Noun
lord m (plural lorzi)
Declension
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
lȍrd m (Cyrillic spelling ло̏рд)
- lord (British title)
Declension
References
- “lord” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Spanish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
lord m (plural lores)
- lord (British title)
Related terms
Further reading
- “lord”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Turkish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
lord (definite accusative lordu, plural lordlar)
Declension
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | lord | |
Definite accusative | lordu | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | lord | lordlar |
Definite accusative | lordu | lordları |
Dative | lorda | lordlara |
Locative | lordda | lordlarda |
Ablative | lorddan | lordlardan |
Genitive | lordun | lordların |
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d
- Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms with historical senses
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with archaic senses
- English terms with uncommon senses
- en:Astrology
- British English
- English slang
- Australian English
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:Feudalism
- en:People
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese non-lemma forms
- Faroese noun forms
- Hungarian terms derived from English
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ord
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ord/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:People
- Italian terms borrowed from English
- Italian terms derived from English
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ɔrd
- Rhymes:Italian/ɔrd/1 syllable
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English proper nouns
- enm:Christianity
- Middle English interjections
- enm:Feudalism
- enm:Heads of state
- enm:Leaders
- enm:Nobility
- Polish terms borrowed from English
- Polish terms derived from English
- Polish terms derived from Middle English
- Polish terms derived from Old English
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔrt
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔrt/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish personal nouns
- pl:Male people
- pl:Nobility
- pl:Titles
- pl:United Kingdom
- Romanian terms borrowed from English
- Romanian terms derived from English
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from English
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from English
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Turkish terms borrowed from English
- Turkish terms derived from English
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns