al

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "al"

Translingual

Alternative forms

Symbol

al

  1. (metrology) Symbol for attoliter (attolitre), an SI unit of fluid measure equal to 10−18 liters (litres).

English

Etymology

From Hindi आल (āl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /æl/, /ɑːl/
  • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • Rhymes: -æl, -ɑːl

Noun

al (usually uncountable, plural als)

  1. The Indian mulberry, Morinda citrifolia, especially as used to make dye.

Translations

References

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch al, from Middle Dutch al, from Old Dutch al, from Proto-West Germanic *all.

Pronunciation

Adverb

al

  1. already

Adjective

al (attributive alle, not comparable)

  1. all; every

Conjunction

al

  1. even though, although

Asturian

Contraction

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a el (“to the”).

Basque

Etymology

A grammaticalization of ahal.[1]

Pronunciation

Particle

al

  1. Used to form yes/no questions.
    Esan al diozu? ― Did you tell her?

Usage notes

It is placed before the verb.

References

  1. ^ “ahal” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Further reading

  • “al”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
  • “al”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Breton

Article

al

  1. the

See also

Catalan

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Central" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /əl/, [əɫ]
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Valencian" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /al/

Contraction

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a el (“at the; to the”).
    Vaig al zoo. ― I go to the zoo.

Usage notes

When el contracts to l' before a vowel, al is not used:

Ens veurem a l'aeroport. ― We'll meet at the airport.

Further reading

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse allr (“all”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

al (neuter alt, plural alle)

  1. all
  2. any

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch al, from Old Dutch al, from Proto-West Germanic *all.

Pronunciation

Determiner

al

  1. all, all of
    Heb je al het bier opgedronken? ― Did you drink all the beer?
    Van Gogh produceerde al zijn werk gedurende een periode van slechts tien jaar. ― Van Gogh produced all of his work during a period of only ten years.
    Alle olie is uit de tanker gelekt. ― All the oil has leaked out of the tanker.
    Niet alle mensen zijn zo gemeen. ― Not all people are that mean.

Inflection

Declension of al
uninflected al
inflected alle
comparative —
positive
predicative/adverbial
indefinite m./f. sing. alle
n. sing. al
plural alle
definite alle
partitive

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: al
  • Jersey Dutch: ā, āl, ālle (from the inflected form)
  • Negerhollands: al, alda
  • → Aukan: ala
  • → Sranan Tongo: ala

Adverb

al

  1. already
    Het is al negen uur. ― It's 9 o'clock already.
  2. yet
    Heb je al een kip gekocht? ― Have you bought a chicken yet?

Derived terms

Descendants

Conjunction

al

  1. even
    Al zou ik het willen... ― Even if I wanted to...
    Synonym: ook al

Anagrams

Emilian

Etymology

From Latin ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /al/
  • Hyphenation: al

Pronoun

al (personal)

  1. (nominative case) he
  2. (accusative case) him

Alternative forms

  • Becomes l- before a vowel.
  • Becomes -el when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
  • Becomes -l when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
Number Person Gender Disjunctive
(tonic) 		Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Reflexive
(-self) 		Comitative
(with)
Singular First — mè a me mêg
Second — tè et te têg
Third Masculine ló al ge se sêg
Feminine lê la
Plural First Masculine nuēter a se nōsk
Feminine nuētri
Second Masculine vuēter a ve vōsk
Feminine vuētri
Third Masculine lôr i ge se sêg
Feminine el li

Esperanto

Etymology

Likely from Italian al, Catalan al, and Spanish al.

Pronunciation

Preposition

al

  1. to; toward
  2. to (indicates indirect object)
    Ŝi donis la libron al siaj gepatroj. ― She gave the book to her (own) parents.

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Contraction of French ale, from French aller.

Pronunciation

Verb

al

  1. to go
    Synonym: ale

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *ëla (“space, area under something, under(neath), the lower (part)”). (Spelled *ala in Uralonet.) Originally it was a noun; today it is used in compound words, see al-.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

al

  1. (archaic, rare) lower part of something

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative al alok
accusative alt alokat
dative alnak aloknak
instrumental allal alokkal
causal-final alért alokért
translative allá alokká
terminative alig alokig
essive-formal alként alokként
essive-modal — —
inessive alban alokban
superessive alon alokon
adessive alnál aloknál
illative alba alokba
sublative alra alokra
allative alhoz alokhoz
elative alból alokból
delative alról alokról
ablative altól aloktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		alé aloké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		aléi alokéi
Possessive forms of al
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. alom aljaim
2nd person sing. alod aljaid
3rd person sing. alja aljai
1st person plural alunk aljaink
2nd person plural alotok aljaitok
3rd person plural aljuk aljaik

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Entry #7 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Further reading

  • al in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • al in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Icelandic

Noun

al

  1. indefinite accusative/dative singular of alur

Ido

Pronunciation

Preposition

al

  1. Contraction of a la (“to the”).

Usage notes

This is optional, you can also use a l'...

Ingrian

Spatial inflection of al
↗︎○ allative alle
○ adessive al
○↘︎ ablative alt

Etymology

From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.. Cognates include Finnish alla and Estonian all.

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Soikkola" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈɑl/
  • Hyphenation: al

Postposition

al (+ genitive)

  1. (of location) under, underneath
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 135:
      Aitan al ellää kärppä.
      Under the storehouse lives a stoat.

References

  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 135
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 10
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎[3], →ISBN, page 33

Interlingua

Pronunciation

Preposition

al

  1. Contraction of a le (“to the”).

Istriot

Contraction

al

  1. Contraction of a el (“at the”).
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:
      Che mai pioûn biela duon i’iê veisto al mondo,
      That I haven’t ever seen a more beautiful woman in the world,

Italian

Pronunciation

Contraction

al

  1. Contraction of a il (“to the, at the”).

Preposition

al or allo or all' m (feminine all' or alla)

  1. (cooking, in the singular) with (an ingredient)
    Synonym: con
    risotto al pecorino ― rice with pecorino cheese
    risotto allo zafferano ― rice with saffron
    pasta all'aglio ― pasta with garlic

Anagrams

Ladin

Contraction

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a l (“at/to the”).

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Old High German ald, northern variant of alt, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz. Cognate with German alt, English old, Dutch oud, West Frisian âld.

Pronunciation

Adjective

al (masculine alen, neuter aalt, comparative méi al or eeler, superlative am eelsten)

  1. old, aged
    Vun ale Mënsche kann ee villes léieren. ― There’s a lot to learn from old people.
    Antonym: jonk
  2. (of food) stale
    Dat aalt Brout kënne mer de Vulle ginn. ― We can give the stale bread to the birds.
    Antonym: frësch

Declension

declension of al
number and gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative hien ass al si ass al et ass al si si(nn) al
nominative /
accusative 		attributive and/or after determiner alen al aalt al
independent without determiner ales aler
dative after any declined word alen aler alen alen
as first declined word alem alem

Mandinka

Pronoun

al

  1. you (personal pronoun)

See also

Mandinka personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person nte, n, m ntolu, ntelu, n
2nd person ite, i altolu, altelu, al
3rd person ate, a itolu, itelu, y

Mauritian Creole

Verb

al

  1. Medial form of ale

Michoacán Nahuatl

Noun

al

  1. water

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch al, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.

Pronunciation

Determiner

al

  1. all, all of

Adverb

al

  1. completely

Conjunction

al

  1. even though, no matter whether

Descendants

  • Dutch: al
    • Afrikaans: al
  • Limburgish: al

Further reading

Middle English

Adverb

al

  1. Alternative form of all
    • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue:
      And smale foweles maken melodye,
      That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
      (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
      And many little birds make melody
      That sleep through all the night with open eye
      (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)

Determiner

al

  1. Alternative form of all
    • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
      And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge.
      And with this he was named, as I believe worthily, an excellent ruly and innocent man in all his living.

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

al m

  1. side
    Synonyms: alî, la

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

al f

  1. flag, banner
    Synonym: ala

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From ala (“to foster, breed”).

Noun

al n (definite singular alet, indefinite plural al, definite plural ala)

  1. nourishing, fostering
  2. a young (farm) animal that one has bred
  3. breeding

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

al

  1. imperative of ala

References

Occitan

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Languedocien):(file)

Contraction

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a lo (“to the; at the”).

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include Old High German al and Old Saxon al.

Adjective

al

  1. all, every
    • 11th century, Hebban olla vogala:
      Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan
      All birds have started to build their nests
  2. whole, entire
    • 10th century, Wachtendonck Psalms:
      An allero erthon fuor luit.
      Over the entire world the sound spread.

Inflection

Declension of al
Strong declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative al alle al alle al allu
accusative allan alle al alle alla allu
genitive allis allro allis allro allro allrō
dative allon allon allon allon allro allon
Weak declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative allo allu alla allu alla allu
accusative allin allin alla allin allin allin
genitive allin allno allin allno allin allno
dative allin allon allin allon allin allon


Adverb

al

  1. completely, wholly
    • ca. 1100, Leiden Willeram:
      Sin buch is elphondbeinin, al underskeithet mit saphiris.
      His stomach is of ivory, wholly decorated with sapphires.

Conjunction

al

  1. even though
    • ca. 1200, Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible:
      Ire beider sculde waren grozlich, al newæren sie nieht gelich.
      Both their debts were great, even though they weren't equal.

Descendants

  • Middle Dutch: al
    • Dutch: al
      • Afrikaans: al
    • Limburgish: al

Further reading

  • “al (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
  • “al (III)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
  • “al (IV)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ail, from Proto-Germanic *ailą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-lom, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, kindle”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

āl n

  1. fire

Declension

Declension of āl (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative āl āl
accusative āl āl
genitive āles āla
dative āle ālum

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ailida-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 11

Old French

Alternative forms

Contraction

al

  1. Contraction of a le (“to the”).

Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *all.

Pronunciation

Adjective

al

  1. all
  2. every, each
  3. whole
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *āl, whence also Old English ǣl, Old Norse áll.

Pronunciation

Noun

āl m

  1. eel
Declension
Declension of āl (masculine a-stem)
case singular plural
nominative āl āla
accusative āl āla
genitive āles ālo
dative āle ālum
instrumental ālu —
Descendants
  • Middle High German: āl

References

  • Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

Old Norse

Noun

al

  1. indefinite accusative/dative singular of alr

Verb

al

  1. second-person singular active imperative of ala

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *allaz.

Adjective

al

  1. all
Declension
Declension of al
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative al alle al allu al alle
accusative allana alle al allu alla alle
genitive alles allarō alles allarō allaro allarō
dative allumu allum allumu allum allaro allum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative allo allu alla allu alla allu
accusative allun allun alla allun allun allun
genitive allun allonō allun allonō allun allonō
dative allun allum allun allum allun allum


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: al, alle
    • German Low German: all, alle (Münsterländisch; Sauerländisch), olle (Paderbornisch)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *ēlaz. Cognate with Old English ǣl, Dutch aal, Old High German āl (German Aal), Old Norse áll (Danish and Swedish ål).

Noun

āl m

  1. eel

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse áll, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz.

Pronunciation

Noun

āl m

  1. eel

Declension

Declension of āler (strong a-stem)
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative āler ālrin ālar ālanir, ālaner
accusative āl ālin āla ālana
dative āli, āle ālinum, ālenom ālum, ālom ālumin, ālomen
genitive āls ālsins āla ālanna

Descendants

Polish

Etymology

From German Aal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /al/
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: al

Noun

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  1. (Upper Silesia) eel
    Synonym: węgorz

Further reading

  • al in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • al in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese al, from Vulgar Latin *ale, from Latin aliud, from Proto-Indo-European *ályos.

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Portugal" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈaɫ/
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  • Hyphenation: al

Pronoun

al

  1. (obsolete) everything, the rest
    Synonym: o resto
  2. (obsolete) other, another
    Synonym: outro

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin illum, from ille.

Pronunciation

Article

al m or n sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural ai, feminine/neuter plural ale)

  1. of (masculine/neuter singular possessive or genitive article)
    el este un prieten al meu ― he is a friend of mine.

See also

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian all, from Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include West Frisian al and Dutch al.

Pronunciation

Adverb

al

  1. already

References

  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “al”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Spanish

Pronunciation

Contraction

al

  1. Contraction of a el (“at the, to the”).

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Sumau

Noun

al

  1. a tree species of the family Combretaceae, Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.

Further reading

Sumerian

Romanization

al

  1. Romanization of 𒀠 (al)

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish al, from Old Norse ǫlr (compare Icelandic elri, Danish el, Norwegian older), from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō (compare English alder), variant of *alizō, *alisō (compare Dutch els, German Erle), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisos.

Pronunciation

Noun

al c

  1. alder (tree)

Declension

Declension of al 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative al alen alar alarna
Genitive als alens alars alarnas

Anagrams

Tatar

Adjective

al

  1. Latin spelling of ал (al)

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish آل (al), from Proto-Turkic *āl, *Āl (“red, crimson”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰞 (āl) and akin to Mongolian ал (al).

Adjective

al

  1. dark red, blood red, crimson
See also

Noun

al (definite accusative alı, plural allar)

  1. dark red, blood red, crimson
Declension
Inflection
Nominative al
Definite accusative alı
Singular Plural
Nominative al allar
Definite accusative alı alları
Dative ala allara
Locative alda allarda
Ablative aldan allardan
Genitive alın alların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular alım allarım
2nd singular alın alların
3rd singular alı alları
1st plural alımız allarımız
2nd plural alınız allarınız
3rd plural alları alları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular alımı allarımı
2nd singular alını allarını
3rd singular alını allarını
1st plural alımızı allarımızı
2nd plural alınızı allarınızı
3rd plural allarını allarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular alıma allarıma
2nd singular alına allarına
3rd singular alına allarına
1st plural alımıza allarımıza
2nd plural alınıza allarınıza
3rd plural allarına allarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular alımda allarımda
2nd singular alında allarında
3rd singular alında allarında
1st plural alımızda allarımızda
2nd plural alınızda allarınızda
3rd plural allarında allarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular alımdan allarımdan
2nd singular alından allarından
3rd singular alından allarından
1st plural alımızdan allarımızdan
2nd plural alınızdan allarınızdan
3rd plural allarından allarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular alımın allarımın
2nd singular alının allarının
3rd singular alının allarının
1st plural alımızın allarımızın
2nd plural alınızın allarınızın
3rd plural allarının allarının

See also

Colors in Turkish · renkler (layout · text)
     beyaz, ak      gri, boz      siyah, kara
             kırmızı, kızıl; al              turuncu; kahverengi, konur, boz              sarı; bej
             limon çürüğü              yeşil              nane yeşili
             camgöbeği; turkuaz              gök, mavi              lacivert
             eflatun; mor              pembe; mor              yavruağzı

References

  • Tokat, Feyza (2014) “On the Common Words in Mongolian and the Turkish Dialects in Turkey”, in The Journal of International Social Research (Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)‎[4], volume 7, number 32, →ISSN, pages 185-198.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *Āl.

Noun

al

  1. (dated) trick, trap

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

al

  1. second-person singular imperative of almak

Venetian

Preposition

al

  1. to the
  2. at the

Article

al m sg

  1. (Belluno) Alternative form of el

Veps

Etymology

From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.; related to Finnish alla.

Postposition

al

  1. under, underneath (stationary location)

References

  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “под”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[5], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from German all and English all.

Adjective

al

  1. each
  2. every

Watubela

Noun

al

  1. water

References

West Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognate with English all.

Determiner

al

  1. all

Inflection

This determiner needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “al”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Adverb

al

  1. already

Further reading

  • “al”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola

Pronoun

al

  1. Alternative form of aul
    • 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 18:
      An smithered hays videl, bow, strings an al;
      And smashed his fiddle, bow, strings and all;

References

  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133
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