相

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See also: 租

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Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

相 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木月山 (DBU), four-corner 46900, composition ⿰木目)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23151
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1216, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2470, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+76F8

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 相

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (相) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
相 *slaŋ, *slaŋs
廂 *slaŋ
湘 *slaŋ
緗 *slaŋ
箱 *slaŋ
葙 *slaŋ
想 *slaŋʔ
霜 *sraŋ
孀 *sraŋ
鸘 *sraŋ
驦 *sraŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 目 (“eye”) – looking at, or watching the tree.

Etymology

An allofam is 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ, “each other; mutually; all; to observe; to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Derivative: 想 (OC *slaŋʔ, “to think”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • siong/siang - literary;
  • saⁿ/sio/sa - vernacular;
  • siuⁿ/sioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 相思).
Note:
  • siang1 - literary;
  • sio1/siê1 - vernacular (siê1 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 相
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息良切
Baxter sjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/siaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/sĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 相
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]aŋ/
English mutually

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 相
Reading # 1/2
No. 13579
Phonetic
component 		相
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		襄
Old
Chinese 		/*slaŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 相

  1. to see for oneself; to evaluate by seeing for oneself
    相女婿  ―  xiāng nǚxù  ―  assess the suitability of a prospective son-in-law or husband
  2. mutually; reciprocally; towards each other; one another
    相望  ―  xiāngwàng  ―  to look at each other
    相逢  ―  xiāngféng  ―  to meet by chance
  3. together; jointly
  4. successively; one after another
  5. towards; to
  6. a surname

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • soeng3-2 - “photo; picture”.
Note:
  • lhiang1* - “photo; picture”.
Note:
  • siòng/siàng - literary;
  • siùⁿ/siòⁿ/siàuⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • siang3 - literary;
  • sion3/siên3 - vernacular (siên3 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 相
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息亮切
Baxter sjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/siaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/sĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		soeng3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 相
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]aŋ-s/
English appearance, quality

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 相
Reading # 2/2
No. 13586
Phonetic
component 		相
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		相
Old
Chinese 		/*slaŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 相

  1. to look at; to examine the appearance and judge; to observe
  2. looks; appearance; features
  3. posture; carriage; bearing
  4. photo; picture; photograph (Classifier: 張／张 c)
    影幾張相／影几张相 [Cantonese]  ―  jing2 gei2 zoeng1 soeng1 [Jyutping]  ―  to take a few pictures
  5. phase; exterior; stage; period
  6. (physics) phase
  7. (geology) facies
  8. to physiognomise; to practise physiognomy; to tell fortune by reading the subject's facial features
  9. physiognomy; practice of physiognomy
  10. to choose; to pick
  11. to assist; to help; to oversee
  12. (historical) prime minister; minister
  13. (xiangqi) minister (on the red side)
  14. (historical) master of ceremonies
  15. (historical) attendant
  16. to administer; to govern
  17. to teach; to instruct
  18. a person who guides or leads a blind person
  19. a surname
Synonyms
Coordinate terms

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

相

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mutual, reciprocal, with one another
  2. appearance, look

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
相
あい
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 相 – see the following entry.
【あい】
[prefix] mutual, together, each other
[prefix] used in official or epistolary writings for elegance or politeness
(This term, 相, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
相
こもごも
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 相 – see the following entry.
【こもごも】
[adverb] alternating; one after another
[adverb] all mixed up and indistinct
Alternative spellings
交々, 交, 更
(This term, 相, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
相
さが
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

Noun

相(さが) • (saga) 

  1. nature, personality
  2. fate, destiny
  3. a habit, custom, or practice
  4. the good and bad of a person; especially, one's faults
Synonyms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
相
しょう
Grade: 3
kan’on

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese, deriving from the meaning of with from the way that a minister would always be with their lord. Kan'on, so likely a later borrowing than the sō reading.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

相(しょう) or 相(suffix) • (shō or suffix) ←しゃう (syau)?[[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|しょう]]

  1. minister of state
    首(しゅ)相(しょう)
    shushō
    prime minister
    内(ない)相(しょう)
    naishō
    minister of the interior
Synonyms

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
相
そう
Grade: 3
goon

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese. Goon, so likely an earlier borrowing than the shō reading.

Pronunciation

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Noun

相(そう) • (sō) ←さう (sau)?

  1. appearance, how something looks
  2. an aspect of something
    大(だい)自(し)然(ぜん)の色々(いろいろ)な相(そう)
    daishizen no iroiro na sō
    various aspects of nature
  3. (grammar) grammatical aspect
  4. (physics) a phase, as of matter
  5. (ikebana) the central supporting branch of an ikebana arrangement
Related terms

References


Korean

Hanja

相 • (sang) (hangeul 상)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 相 (tương)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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