完
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See also: 宗
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]完 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十一一山 (JMMU), four-corner 30211, composition ⿱宀元)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7079
- Dae Jaweon: page 555, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 914, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5B8C
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
完 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
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冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
岏 | *ŋoːn |
刓 | *ŋoːn |
园 | *ŋoːn |
忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
抏 | *ŋoːn |
玩 | *ŋoːns |
貦 | *ŋoːns |
翫 | *ŋoːns |
妧 | *ŋoːns |
完 | *ɦŋoːn |
捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
元 | *ŋon |
沅 | *ŋon |
芫 | *ŋon |
杬 | *ŋon |
邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɦŋoːn) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wan2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun4
- Gan (Wiktionary): uon4 / fon4 / yon4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): van1
- Northern Min (KCR): uǐng
- Eastern Min (BUC): uòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6woe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): onn2 / honn2 / yenn2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wán
- Wade–Giles: wan2
- Yale: wán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
- Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wän³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: wan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
- Sinological IPA (key): /uan²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyun4
- Yale: yùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: yun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: uon4 / fon4 / yon4
- Sinological IPA (key): /uɵn³⁵/, /fɵn³⁵/, /yɵn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vàn / yèn / vòn
- Hakka Romanization System: vanˇ / ienˇ / vonˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: van2 / yan2 / von2
- Sinological IPA: /van¹¹/, /i̯en¹¹/, /von¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vàn / yàn / vòn
- Hakka Romanization System: vanˇ / (r)ianˇ / vonˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: van2 / yan2 / von2
- Sinological IPA: /van¹¹/, /(j)i̯an¹¹/, /von¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note: vòn - “whole”.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: van1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǐng
- Sinological IPA (key): /uiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /uoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- uang5 - Shantou;
- uêng5 - Chaozhou.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 完 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /uan²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /uan²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /van⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /vã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /vã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /uan⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /uã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /uã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /van⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /vɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /van⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /uan²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /uan³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /uan²¹/ | |
Kunming | /uã̠³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /uaŋ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʊ̃⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /væ̃¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /uɑŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /væ̃³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦuø²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦuø¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦuõ²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /jy³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /uɛ⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /uːə⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /õ¹³/ ~好 /yẽ¹³/ ~姑妈 |
Xiangtan | /ɔn¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /uɵn⁴⁵/ /fɵn⁴⁵/ /yɵn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /van¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /vɑn¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn²¹/ |
Nanning | /yn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jyn²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /huan³⁵/ /uan³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /uoŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /uiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /uaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zuaŋ³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: hwan
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤo[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋoːn/
Definitions
[edit]完
- whole; complete; intact
- 完好 ― wánhǎo ― intact
- 城入趙而璧留秦;城不入,臣請完璧歸趙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Chéng rù Zhào ér bì liú Qín; chéng bù rù, chén qǐng wán bì guī Zhào. [Pinyin]
- If the cities are granted to Zhao, the jade will remain in Qin; if the cities are not granted, allow your servant to return to Zhao with the jade intact.
城入赵而璧留秦;城不入,臣请完璧归赵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to end; to finish
- Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).
- to run out; to use up
- to complete; to finish
- (obsolete) firm; stable
- perfect; faultless; flawless
- 完人 ― wánrén ― perfect person
- to fail; to enter a dangerous or hopeless state; to be doomed; done for
- to pay; to pay back
- (obsolete) abundant; sufficient; plentiful
- (literary) to preserve
- (literary) to build; to repair; to renovate
- (historical) an ancient light punishment
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (whole):
- 了當/了当 (liǎodàng)
- 俱備/俱备 (jùbèi) (literary)
- 全 (quán)
- 全備/全备 (quánbèi)
- 全部 (quánbù) (attributive)
- 加尼 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 十足 (shízú)
- 囫圇/囫囵 (húlún)
- 囫圇個/囫囵个 (húlúngè) (colloquial)
- 妥 (tuǒ)
- 完備/完备 (wánbèi)
- 完全 (wánquán)
- 完具 (wánjù) (literary)
- 完整 (wánzhěng)
- 實足/实足 (shízú)
- 掃/扫 (literary, or in compounds)
- 整 (zhěng)
- 整個/整个 (zhěnggè) (attributive)
- 整齊/整齐 (zhěngqí)
- 渾然/浑然 (húnrán)
- 滿/满 (mǎn)
- 齊備/齐备 (qíbèi)
- 齊備/齐备 (chiâu-pī) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 齊全/齐全 (chiâu-chn̂g) (Hokkien)
- 齊全/齐全 (qíquán)
- (used after a verb): 盡/尽 (jìn)
- (Cantonese) (used after a verb): 嗮 (sài)
- (Hakka) (used after a verb): 撇
- (Hokkien) (used after a verb): 了
See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不完全是
- 不完全葉/不完全叶
- 乘凶完配
- 劉完素/刘完素
- 完了
- 完事 (wánshì)
- 完人 (wánrén)
- 完備/完备 (wánbèi)
- 完全 (wánquán)
- 完全中立
- 完全小學/完全小学
- 完全就業/完全就业 (wánquán jiùyè)
- 完全平方
- 完全打擊/完全打击
- 完全數/完全数 (wánquánshù)
- 完全比賽/完全比赛
- 完全燃燒/完全燃烧
- 完全立方
- 完全肥料
- 完全花
- 完全葉/完全叶
- 完全變態/完全变态
- 完具 (wánjù)
- 完卵
- 完善 (wánshàn)
- 完好 (wánhǎo)
- 完好如初 (wánhǎorúchū)
- 完好無缺/完好无缺 (wánhǎowúquē)
- 完婚 (wánhūn)
- 完完全全 (wánwánquánquán)
- 完封 (wánfēng)
- 完工 (wángōng)
- 完成 (wánchéng)
- 完房
- 完整 (wánzhěng)
- 完滿/完满 (wánmǎn)
- 完璧 (wánbì)
- 完璧歸趙/完璧归赵 (wánbìguīzhào)
- 完畢/完毕 (wánbì)
- 完稅/完税 (wánshuì)
- 完稅貨價/完税货价
- 完稿 (wángǎo)
- 完竣
- 完糧/完粮
- 完結/完结 (wánjié)
- 完結篇/完结篇
- 完美 (wánměi)
- 完美主義/完美主义 (wánměi zhǔyì)
- 完美無缺/完美无缺 (wánměiwúquē)
- 完聚
- 完膚/完肤 (wánfū)
- 完蛋 (wándàn)
- 完足 (wánzú)
- 完達山脈/完达山脉
- 完顏/完颜 (Wányán)
- 完飯/完饭
- 未完 (wèiwán)
- 沒了沒完/没了没完
- 沒完/没完 (méiwán)
- 沒完沒了/没完没了 (méiwánméiliǎo)
- 玩兒完/玩儿完 (wánrwán)
- 玩完 (wánwán)
- 用完 (yòngwán)
- 短褐不完
- 神完氣足/神完气足
- 肌無完膚/肌无完肤
- 衣不完采
- 補完/补完 (bǔwán)
- 覆巢之下無完卵/覆巢之下无完卵 (fùcháozhīxiàwúwánluǎn)
- 身無完膚/身无完肤
- 體無完膚/体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)
- 鹿裘不完
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: vẹn
References
[edit]- “完”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]完
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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完 |
かん Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Noun
[edit]Suffix
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).
Hanja
[edit]完 (eumhun 완전할 완 (wanjeonhal wan))
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 완전 (完全, wanjeon, “complete; whole”)
- 완성 (完成, wanseong, “completion”)
- 완벽 (完璧, wanbyeok, “perfection”)
- 완료 (完了, wallyo, “completion”)
- 완결 (完結, wan'gyeol, “conclusion”)
- 완패 (完敗, wanpae, “defeat”)
- 미완성 (未完成, miwanseong, “incompletion”)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- complete (used only as part of a compound)
Compounds
[edit]- hoàn hảo (“successfully done, perfect”) (完好)
- hoàn thiện (“to complete, to perfect”) (完善)
- hoàn thành (“to accomplish, to finish, to complete”) (完成)
- hoàn toàn (“complete, completely”) (完全)
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