From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also:
U+80CC, 背
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80CC

[U+80CB]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+80CD]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 130, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中心月 (LPB), four-corner 11227, composition (GJK) or (HT))

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 977, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1429, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2058, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+80CC

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs) : phonetic (OC *pɯːɡ) + semantic (meat). Originally written as , semantic was added to be distinguished from the derived meaning of (“north”).

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (to carry (on back), shoulder).

Two pronunciations were distinguished in Middle Chinese: puʌiH (back), buʌiH (to turn one's back to; to betray).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
trad.
simp. #

Note:
  • bui3 - “back; to betray; to violate”;
  • bui6 - “to recite; unlucky; remote; out of touch; hard of hearing”.
Note:
  • pōe - literary;
  • pēr/pē - vernacular.
Note: bu3 - alternative pronunciation when meaning "backside" (e.g. 手背, 刀背).
Note:
  • 2pe - noun (“back”);
  • 3be - verb (“to betray; to recite”).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (3) (1)
Final () (42) (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter bwojH pwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/buʌiH/ /puʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/buoiH/ /puoiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/buɒiH/ /puɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bwəjH/ /pwəjH/
Li
Rong
/buᴀiH/ /puᴀiH/
Wang
Li
/buɒiH/ /puɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱuɑ̆iH/ /puɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bèi bèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bui6 bui3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bèi bèi
Middle
Chinese
‹ bwojH › ‹ pwojH ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-pˁək-s/ /*pˁək-s/
English turn the back on the back

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 408 409
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*pɯːɡs/ /*bɯːɡs/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (anatomy) back
      ―  chuíbèi  ―  to give a back massage
      ―  bèi  ―  horseback
  2. back; backside; reverse side
      ―  shǒubèi  ―  back of the hand
      ―  zhǐbèi  ―  back of a piece of paper
  3. to leave; to abandon
    井離鄉井离乡  ―  bèijǐnglíxiāng  ―  to leave one's native place and move elsewhere
  4. to back onto
    太陽太阳  ―  bèi zhe tàiyáng zuò  ―  to sit with one's back to the sun
      ―  bèi shān miàn hǎi  ―  backing on to a mountain and facing the sea
  5. to betray
  6. to do something behind one's back; to hide something from someone
    男朋友其他女生聊天 [MSC, trad.]
    男朋友其他女生聊天 [MSC, simp.]
    Nánpéngyǒu bèi zhe wǒ hé qítā nǚshēng liáotiān. [Pinyin]
    My boyfriend chats with other girls behind my back.
  7. to deviate; to go contrary to; to violate
      ―  bèiyuē  ―  to break one’s promise
    良心說話良心说话  ―  bèi zhe liángxīn shuōhuà  ―  to speak against one's conscience
  8. to memorize; to recite
    文章下來 [MSC, trad.]
    文章下来 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè piān wénzhāng xiěde duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái. [Pinyin]
    How excellently written is this article! Memorize it.
    唐詩多少 [MSC, trad.]
    唐诗多少 [MSC, simp.]
    bèi Tángshī bèi le duōshǎo shǒu? [Pinyin]
    How many Tang poems have you memorized?
  9. unlucky; out of luck
  10. hard of hearing
    耳朵有點兒耳朵有点儿  ―  ěrduo yǒudiǎnr bèi  ―  to be a bit hard of hearing
  11. remote; out-of-the-way
  12. (Cantonese) isolated; out of touch; out of the loop; ignorant of what is happening; uninformed of the latest news; not up to speed
  13. (swimming) Short for 背泳 (bèiyǒng, “backstroke”).
Synonyms
[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
trad. /*
simp.

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to carry on the back
  2. (figurative) to carry; to bear (blame); to shoulder (responsibility)
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to carry on the back): (tuó)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. back, stature

Readings

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 6
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
[noun] one's back (part of the human body)
[noun] one's height
[noun] the rear of something, the area behind
Alternative spelling
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
せい
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

Noun

[edit]

(せい) (sei

  1. height

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC bwojH|pwojH). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄇᆡ〯 (pǒy) (Yale: pǒy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pɛ(ː)] ~ [pe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (deung bae))

  1. hanja form? of (back)
  2. hanja form? of (betrayal)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: bối, bội, bổi, bồi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.