十
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
十 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)
- Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №54
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/十
- 什, 𰃵, 廾, 叶, 𡈿, 㚈, 𢌗, 汁, 䦹, 辻, 旪, 𬁰, 瓧, 𤽁, 𭾗, 𥎧, 竍, 籵, 𥾅, 𨒒, 計(计), 𧾽, 兙, 針(针), 𮪦, 𨔿, 𫙏, 𪗕, 𭃄, 𨙩, 𩡪
- 干, 仐, 𠓝, 𠤏, 𠫘, 夲, 𫵱, 𢨦, 早, 毕, 氒, 𦉲, 𠅋, 𤬧, 𤯀, 皁, 𥃪, 𮂯, 辛, 𦉴, 䘚, 阜, 𥤿, 隼, 𢈰, 章, 率, 𠵀, 䭴, 準(凖), 𤔭, 𮍞
- 土, 士, 支, 古, 𪞱, 𥃭, 孛, 壴, 直, 真, 索, 𩖘, 𢛳, 㥁, 疐, 伞, 傘, 𣎳, 畞, 賫(赍), 賷, 䥅, 𭻹, 戎, 𢦏, 𬺱, 𣂑, 𭂩, 𫭂
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
- Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5341
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
十 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 拾 financial 什 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 十 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шы (šɨ, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): siit7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seh5
- Northern Min (KCR): sí / sī
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĕk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5zeq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
- Wade–Giles: shih2
- Yale: shŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шы (šɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sap6
- Yale: sahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: sap9
- Guangdong Romanization: seb6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐp̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sip5
- Sinological IPA (key): /sip̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: siit7
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɨt̚²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: siib
- Hagfa Pinyim: sib6
- Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí / sī
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁴/, /si⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- cha̍p - vernacular;
- si̍p/se̍p - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zab8 / zag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p / tsa̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /t͡sak̚⁴/
- zab8 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
- zag8 - Chenghai.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 十 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ʃz̩⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /sz̩³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /sz̩²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ʂəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /səʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /ʂʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /səʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /zəʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /zai²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕi²²/ |
Tunxi | /ɕi¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɨʔ²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /səp̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐp̚²/ |
Nanning | /sɐp̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐp̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sip̚⁵/ /t͡sap̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛiʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /si⁵⁴/ /si⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sap̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tap̚³/ /tɔp̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzyip
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub/
Definitions
See also
Chinese numbers | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 106 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零, 空 | 一, 蜀 | 二, 兩/两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
百萬/百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Compounds
See 十/derived terms § Chinese.
Descendants
Others:
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)←じふ (zifu, historical)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū)←しふ (sifu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: じっ (ji', Jōyō)←じふ (zifu, historical)、じゅっ (ju')
- Kun: と (to, 十, Jōyō)、とお (tō, 十, Jōyō)←とを (towo, 十, historical)
- Nanori: い (i)、か (ka)、かず (kazu)、ぎ (gi)、さ (sa)、し (shi)、しげ (shige)、そ (so)、そう (sō)、ただ (tada)、ち (chi)、とみ (tomi)、ね (ne)、ひさし (hisashi)、ま (ma)、みつ (mitsu)、みつる (mitsuru)、る (ru)、わ (wa)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
十 |
じゅう Grade: 1 |
goon |
Kanji in this term |
---|
十 |
じっ Grade: 1 |
kan'yōon |
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : 十 | ||
/ʑipʉ/ → /ʑiɸu/ → /ʑɨu/ → /ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ → /ʑi~̚/
From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip).
Alternative forms
- (Financial form) 拾
Pronunciation
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Numeral
Derived terms
Idioms
- 一から十まで (ichi kara jū made)
Proverbs
- 一を聞いて十を知る (ichi o kiite jū o shiru)
Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Noun
Affix
十 or 十 • (jū or ji') ←じふ (zifu)?
Derived terms
- 十雨 (jūu)
- 十戒, 十誡 (jikkai)
- 十月 (jūgatsu)
- 十干 (jikkan)
- 十指 (jisshi)
- 十字 (jūji)
- 十姉妹 (jūshimatsu)
- 十中八九 (jitchūhakku), 十中八九 (jūchūhakku)
- 十手 (jitte)
- 十種競技 (jisshukyōgi, “decathlon”)
- 十進法 (jisshinhō, “decimal system”)
- 十全 (jūzen)
- 十哲 (jittetsu)
- 十人 (jūnin)
- 十年 (jūnen)
- 十念 (jūnen)
- 十能 (jūnō, “small fire shovel”)
- 十把一絡げ (jippa hitokarage)
- 十分 (jūbun)
- 十万億土 (jūman'okudo)
- 十目 (jūmoku)
- 十薬 (jūyaku)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
十 |
とお Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo/ → /towo/ → /toː/
From Old Japanese.
Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwo.
Pronunciation
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Numeral
Derived terms
Idioms
Proverbs
- 十で神童十五で才子二十過ぎればただの人 (tō de shindō jūgo de saishi hatachi sugireba tada no hito)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
十 |
と Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Shift from tō above.[1]
Pronunciation
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Numeral
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
十 |
そ Grade: 1 |
nanori |
⟨so1⟩ → */sʷo/ → /so/
From Old Japanese.
Used in compounds.
Affix
- multiplied by ten: tenfold
Derived terms
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
---|
十 |
しい Grade: 1 |
irregular |
Numeral
Derived terms
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
100 | ||||
← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
Native isol.: 열 (yeol) Native attr.: 열 (yeol) Sino-Korean: 십 (sip) Hanja: 十 Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae) |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 씹〮 (Yale: ssíp) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 열〮 (Yale: yél) | 십〮 (Yale: síp) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰip̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [십]
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
十: Hán Việt readings: thập (
十: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]
Derived terms
See 十/derived terms § Vietnamese.
References
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
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- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading じふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading じっ
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading じふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading じゅっ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading と
- Japanese kanji with kun reading とお
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading とを
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading い
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading か
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading かず
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぎ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading し
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しげ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading そ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading そう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ただ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とみ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひさし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ま
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みつ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みつる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading る
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading わ
- Japanese terms spelled with 十 read as じゅう
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- ja:Numbers
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