Appendix:Hausa Swadesh list
This is an Swadesh list of words in English and Hausa.
Contents |
Presentation [edit]
At the end of the 1940s, new insights of radiocarbon dating became known to the public. Linguist Morris Swadesh believed that words decayed with age in a roughly similar way and therefore applied similar methods to determine the relationship of languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
- For further information, including the full final version, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.
List [edit]
| No. | English | Hausa hausa |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ni |
| 2 | you (singular) | kai |
| 3 | he | shi |
| 4 | we | mu |
| 5 | you (plural) | ku |
| 6 | they | su |
| 7 | this | wannan |
| 8 | that | wancan |
| 9 | here | nan |
| 10 | there | can |
| 11 | who | wa (interrogative) |
| 12 | what | me (interrogative) |
| 13 | where | ina (no movement, interrogative) |
| 14 | when | yaushe (interrogative) |
| 15 | how | yaya (interrogative) |
| 16 | not | ba ... |
| 17 | all | duk |
| 18 | many | da yawa |
| 19 | some | waɗansu |
| 20 | few | kaɗan |
| 21 | other | wancan |
| 22 | one | ɗaya |
| 23 | two | biyu |
| 24 | three | uku |
| 25 | four | huɗu |
| 26 | five | biyar |
| 27 | big | babba |
| 28 | long | dogo |
| 29 | wide | mai faɗi |
| 30 | thick | mai kauri |
| 31 | heavy | mai nauyi |
| 32 | small | ƙarami |
| 33 | short | gajere |
| 34 | narrow | mai ƙunci |
| 35 | thin | siriri |
| 36 | woman | mace |
| 37 | man (adult male) | mutum |
| 38 | man (human being) | ɗan Adam |
| 39 | child | yaro (boy), yarinya (girl) |
| 40 | wife | mata |
| 41 | husband | miji |
| 42 | mother | uwa |
| 43 | father | uba |
| 44 | animal | dabba |
| 45 | fish | kifi |
| 46 | bird | tsuntsu |
| 47 | dog | kare |
| 48 | louse | kwarkwa |
| 49 | snake | maciji |
| 50 | worm | tsutsa |
| 51 | tree | itace |
| 52 | forest | ƙungurmin daji |
| 53 | stick | sanda |
| 54 | fruit | ’ya’yan itace |
| 55 | seed | iri |
| 56 | leaf | ganye |
| 57 | root | saiwa |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | ɓawon itace |
| 59 | flower | fure |
| 60 | grass | ciyawa |
| 61 | rope | igiya |
| 62 | skin | fata |
| 63 | meat | nama |
| 64 | blood | jini |
| 65 | bone | ƙashi |
| 66 | fat (noun) | ƙiba, mai |
| 67 | egg | ƙwai |
| 68 | horn | ƙaho |
| 69 | tail | wutsiya |
| 70 | feather | gashin tsuntsu |
| 71 | hair | suma |
| 72 | head | kai |
| 73 | ear | kunne |
| 74 | eye | ido |
| 75 | nose | hanci |
| 76 | mouth | baki |
| 77 | tooth | haƙori |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | harshe |
| 79 | fingernail | farce |
| 80 | foot | ƙafa |
| 81 | leg | ƙafa |
| 82 | knee | gwiwa |
| 83 | hand | hannu |
| 84 | wing | fiffike |
| 85 | belly | ciki |
| 86 | guts | hanji |
| 87 | neck | wuya |
| 88 | back | baya |
| 89 | breast | nono, ƙirji |
| 90 | heart | zuciya |
| 91 | liver | hanta |
| 92 | to drink | sha |
| 93 | to eat | ci |
| 94 | to bite | ciza |
| 95 | to suck | tsotsa |
| 96 | to spit | tofa |
| 97 | to vomit | yi amai |
| 98 | to blow | busa, hura |
| 99 | to breathe | yi numfashi |
| 100 | to laugh | yi dariya |
| 101 | to see | gani |
| 102 | to hear | ji |
| 103 | to know | sani |
| 104 | to think | yi tsammani |
| 105 | to smell | sansana |
| 106 | to fear | tsoro |
| 107 | to sleep | yi barci |
| 108 | to live | yi rai |
| 109 | to die | mutu |
| 110 | to kill | kashe |
| 111 | to fight | yi fada |
| 112 | to hunt | yi farauta |
| 113 | to hit | buga |
| 114 | to cut | yanka |
| 115 | to split | raba |
| 116 | to stab | soka |
| 117 | to scratch | karce |
| 118 | to dig | haƙa |
| 119 | to swim | yi iyo |
| 120 | to fly | tashi |
| 121 | to walk | yi tafiya a ƙas |
| 122 | to come | zo |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | yi kwanciya (action), kwanta (state) |
| 124 | to sit | zauna (action, state) |
| 125 | to stand | miƙe tsaye (action), tsaya (state) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | juya |
| 127 | to fall | faɗi |
| 128 | to give | ba |
| 129 | to hold | riƙe |
| 130 | to squeeze | matsa |
| 131 | to rub | goge |
| 132 | to wash | wanke |
| 133 | to wipe | shafa |
| 134 | to pull | ja |
| 135 | to push | tura |
| 136 | to throw | jefa |
| 137 | to tie | ɗaura |
| 138 | to sew | ɗinka |
| 139 | to count | ƙidaya |
| 140 | to say | ce |
| 141 | to sing | rera waƙa |
| 142 | to play | yi wasa |
| 143 | to float | taso kan ruwa |
| 144 | to flow | gudana |
| 145 | to freeze | daskara |
| 146 | to swell | kumbura |
| 147 | sun | rana |
| 148 | moon | wata |
| 149 | star | tauraro |
| 150 | water | ruwa |
| 151 | rain | ruwan sama |
| 152 | river | kogi |
| 153 | lake | tabki |
| 154 | sea | teku |
| 155 | salt | gishiri |
| 156 | stone | dutse |
| 157 | sand | rairayi |
| 158 | dust | ƙurar ƙasa |
| 159 | earth | kasa |
| 160 | cloud | gajimare |
| 161 | fog | hazo |
| 162 | sky | sama |
| 163 | wind | iska |
| 164 | snow | ƙanƙara |
| 165 | ice | ayis, galas |
| 166 | smoke | hayaƙi |
| 167 | fire | wuta |
| 168 | ash | toka |
| 169 | to burn | ƙone |
| 170 | road | haniya |
| 171 | mountain | babban dutse |
| 172 | red | ja |
| 173 | green | kore |
| 174 | yellow | rawaya |
| 175 | white | fari |
| 176 | black | baƙi |
| 177 | night | dare |
| 178 | day | rana, yini |
| 179 | year | shekara |
| 180 | warm | mai ɗumi |
| 181 | cold | mai sanyi |
| 182 | full | cikakke |
| 183 | new | sabo |
| 184 | old | tsoho |
| 185 | good | mai kyau |
| 186 | bad | maras kyau |
| 187 | rotten | ruɓaɓɓe |
| 188 | dirty | mai dauɗa |
| 189 | straight | miƙaƙƙe |
| 190 | round | mai da’ira |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | mai kaifi |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | maras kaifi |
| 193 | smooth | mai santsi |
| 194 | wet | jiƙaƙƙe |
| 195 | dry | maras laima |
| 196 | correct | madaidaici |
| 197 | near | kusa da |
| 198 | far | mai nisa |
| 199 | right | dama |
| 200 | left | hagu |
| 201 | at | a, wurin |
| 202 | in | a, cikin |
| 203 | with | da |
| 204 | and | da, kuma |
| 205 | if | in, idan |
| 206 | because | don |
| 207 | name | suna |
- Orthography :
No diacritics showing tones or length of vowels are used; orthography is the one currently used outside the dictionaries.
See also [edit]
Bibliography [edit]
- Hausa-English English-Hausa Dictionary (Nicholas Awde), Hippocrene Books, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7818-0426-4
- Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - ISBN 2-221-05947-6
External links [edit]
- G.P. Bargery's monumental Hausa dictionary
- Hausa vocabulary (UCLA)
- University of Vienna/Austria Kamus Hausa Deutsch/German English