This is a Swadesh list of 207 words in English and Catalan. The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist w:Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing w:Wikitravel lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.
| No. |
English |
Catalan
català |
| 1 |
I |
jo |
| 2 |
you (singular) |
tu |
| 3 |
he |
ell |
| 4 |
we |
nosaltres |
| 5 |
you (plural) |
vosaltres |
| 6 |
they |
ells |
| 7 |
this |
aquest, aqueix |
| 8 |
that |
aquell |
| 9 |
here |
ací, aquí |
| 10 |
there |
allà, allí |
| 11 |
who |
qui |
| 12 |
what |
què, quin |
| 13 |
where |
on |
| 14 |
when |
quan |
| 15 |
how |
com |
| 16 |
not |
no |
| 17 |
all |
tots |
| 18 |
many |
molts |
| 19 |
some |
algun |
| 20 |
few |
pocs |
| 21 |
other |
altre |
| 22 |
one |
un |
| 23 |
two |
dos, dues |
| 24 |
three |
tres |
| 25 |
four |
quatre |
| 26 |
five |
cinc |
| 27 |
big |
gran, gros |
| 28 |
long |
llarg |
| 29 |
wide |
ample |
| 30 |
thick |
gruixut |
| 31 |
heavy |
pesat |
| 32 |
small |
petit, menut, xic |
| 33 |
short |
curt |
| 34 |
narrow |
estret |
| 35 |
thin |
prim |
| 36 |
woman |
dona |
| 37 |
man (adult male) |
home |
| 38 |
man (human being) |
persona |
| 39 |
child |
nen |
| 40 |
wife |
muller |
| 41 |
husband |
marit |
| 42 |
mother |
mare |
| 43 |
father |
pare |
| 44 |
animal |
animal |
| 45 |
fish |
peix |
| 46 |
bird |
ocell, pardal |
| 47 |
dog |
gos |
| 48 |
louse |
poll |
| 49 |
snake |
serp |
| 50 |
worm |
cuc |
| 51 |
tree |
arbre |
| 52 |
forest |
bosc |
| 53 |
stick |
bastó, pal |
| 54 |
fruit |
fruit, fruita |
| 55 |
seed |
llavor |
| 56 |
leaf |
fulla |
| 57 |
root |
arrel |
| 58 |
bark (of a tree) |
escorça |
| 59 |
flower |
flor |
| 60 |
grass |
herba |
| 61 |
rope |
corda |
| 62 |
skin |
pell |
| 63 |
meat |
carn |
| 64 |
blood |
sang |
| 65 |
bone |
os |
| 66 |
fat (noun) |
gras, gros |
| 67 |
egg |
ou |
| 68 |
horn |
banya |
| 69 |
tail |
cua |
| 70 |
feather |
ploma |
| 71 |
hair |
pèl, cabell |
| 72 |
head |
cap |
| 73 |
ear |
orella |
| 74 |
eye |
ull |
| 75 |
nose |
nas |
| 76 |
mouth |
boca |
| 77 |
tooth |
dent |
| 78 |
tongue (organ) |
llengua |
| 79 |
fingernail |
ungla |
| 80 |
foot |
peu |
| 81 |
leg |
cama |
| 82 |
knee |
genoll |
| 83 |
hand |
mà |
| 84 |
wing |
ala |
| 85 |
belly |
panxa |
| 86 |
guts |
budells |
| 87 |
neck |
coll |
| 88 |
back |
esquena |
| 89 |
breast |
pit |
| 90 |
heart |
cor |
| 91 |
liver |
fetge |
| 92 |
to drink |
beure |
| 93 |
to eat |
menjar |
| 94 |
to bite |
mossegar |
| 95 |
to suck |
xuclar, llepar, xarrupar |
| 96 |
to spit |
escopir |
| 97 |
to vomit |
vomitar |
| 98 |
to blow |
bufar |
| 99 |
to breathe |
respirar |
| 100 |
to laugh |
riure |
| 101 |
to see |
veure |
| 102 |
to hear |
sentir |
| 103 |
to know |
saber |
| 104 |
to think |
pensar |
| 105 |
to smell |
olorar |
| 106 |
to fear |
témer |
| 107 |
to sleep |
dormir |
| 108 |
to live |
viure |
| 109 |
to die |
morir |
| 110 |
to kill |
matar |
| 111 |
to fight |
lluitar |
| 112 |
to hunt |
caçar |
| 113 |
to hit |
colpejar, picar |
| 114 |
to cut |
tallar |
| 115 |
to split |
partir, dividir, separar |
| 116 |
to stab |
apunyalar |
| 117 |
to scratch |
gratar, rascar, esgarrapar |
| 118 |
to dig |
cavar, excavar |
| 119 |
to swim |
nedar, nadar |
| 120 |
to fly |
volar |
| 121 |
to walk |
caminar |
| 122 |
to come |
venir, vindre |
| 123 |
to lie (as in a bed) |
jeure (state) |
| 124 |
to sit |
seure (state) |
| 125 |
to stand |
estar dret (state) |
| 126 |
to turn (intransitive) |
girar |
| 127 |
to fall |
caure |
| 128 |
to give |
donar |
| 129 |
to hold |
aguantar, sostenir |
| 130 |
to squeeze |
prémer |
| 131 |
to rub |
fregar |
| 132 |
to wash |
rentar, netejar |
| 133 |
to wipe |
eixugar |
| 134 |
to pull |
estirar |
| 135 |
to push |
empènyer |
| 136 |
to throw |
llançar |
| 137 |
to tie |
lligar |
| 138 |
to sew |
cosir |
| 139 |
to count |
comptar |
| 140 |
to say |
dir |
| 141 |
to sing |
cantar |
| 142 |
to play |
jugar |
| 143 |
to float |
flotar |
| 144 |
to flow |
fluir |
| 145 |
to freeze |
gelar |
| 146 |
to swell |
inflar |
| 147 |
sun |
sol |
| 148 |
moon |
lluna |
| 149 |
star |
estel, estrella |
| 150 |
water |
aigua |
| 151 |
rain |
pluja |
| 152 |
river |
riu |
| 153 |
lake |
llac |
| 154 |
sea |
mar |
| 155 |
salt |
sal |
| 156 |
stone |
pedra |
| 157 |
sand |
arena, sorra |
| 158 |
dust |
pols |
| 159 |
earth |
terra |
| 160 |
cloud |
núvol |
| 161 |
fog |
boira |
| 162 |
sky |
cel |
| 163 |
wind |
vent |
| 164 |
snow |
neu |
| 165 |
ice |
gel, glaç |
| 166 |
smoke |
fum |
| 167 |
fire |
foc |
| 168 |
ash |
cendres |
| 169 |
to burn |
cremar |
| 170 |
road |
carretera |
| 171 |
mountain |
muntanya |
| 172 |
red |
vermell, roig |
| 173 |
green |
verd |
| 174 |
yellow |
groc |
| 175 |
white |
blanc |
| 176 |
black |
negre |
| 177 |
night |
nit |
| 178 |
day |
dia |
| 179 |
year |
any |
| 180 |
warm |
calent, càlid |
| 181 |
cold |
fred |
| 182 |
full |
ple |
| 183 |
new |
nou |
| 184 |
old |
vell |
| 185 |
good |
bo |
| 186 |
bad |
dolent, roí |
| 187 |
rotten |
podrit |
| 188 |
dirty |
brut |
| 189 |
straight |
recte |
| 190 |
round |
redó, rodó |
| 191 |
sharp (as a knife) |
esmolat, agut |
| 192 |
dull (as a knife) |
rom |
| 193 |
smooth |
llis, suau |
| 194 |
wet |
humit, mullat |
| 195 |
dry |
sec |
| 196 |
correct |
correcte |
| 197 |
near |
prop, a prop |
| 198 |
far |
lluny |
| 199 |
right |
dreta |
| 200 |
left |
esquerra |
| 201 |
at |
a |
| 202 |
in |
dins |
| 203 |
with |
amb |
| 204 |
and |
i |
| 205 |
if |
si |
| 206 |
because |
perquè |
| 207 |
name |
nom |
See also [edit]
Bibliography [edit]
- Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - ISBN 2-221-05947-6
External links [edit]
| Swadesh lists |
| Individual languages |
|
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|
| Language families and family branches |
|
Afro-Asiatic – Algonquian – Altaic – Araucanian – Austro-Asiatic – Australian – Austronesian – Baltic-Finnic – Bantu – Celtic – Dené–Yeniseian – Dravidian – Finno-Ugric – Frisian – Germanic – Hokan – Iberian – Italian – Indo-Iranian – Indo-Iranian (extended) – Mayan – Muskogean – Niger–Congo – Oto-Manguean – Paleosiberian – Penutian – Romance – Sino-Tibetan – Slavic – Siouan – Tai–Kadai – Tibeto-Burman – Tupi–Guarani – Turkic – Uto-Aztecan
|
| The list may also include: (t) the transcription in Latin characters; (p) the phonetic transcription |