Appendix:Early New Indo-Aryan Swadesh lists

This is a Swadesh list of Early New Indo-Aryan languages, specifically Old Marathi, Old Gujarati, Old Hindi and Early Assamese, compared with that of Sanskrit, Maharastri Prakrit, Sauraseni Prakrit and Magadhi Prakrit, as well as English.

List

№	English	Sanskrit संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam) edit (207)	Maharastri Prakrit 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻 𑀧𑀸𑀉𑀅 (marahaṭṭhī pāua) edit (127)	Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀉𑀤 (pāuda) edit (16)	Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀓𑀺𑀤 (pākida) edit (1)	Old Marathi (Devanagari) मर्हट्टा (marhaṭṭā) edit (61)	Old Gujarati edit (41)	Old Hindi edit (12)	Early Assamese edit (17)
1	I (1sg)	ahám	ahaṃ, ahaaṃ	ahaṃ	hage	aham	haüṃ	maiṃ, hūṃ	moi
2	you (2sg)	tvám	tumaṃ, taṃ	tumaṃ		tum		tūṃ
3	he, she, it (3sg)	sá	so, sa	so		so, sā, tam	ā	yahu*	ehö̐*, tehö̐*
4	we (1pl)	vayám, nas	amhe, vaaṃ	amhe		vayam, amhe		hama
5	you (2pl)	yūyám, vas	tumhe	tumhe		tumhe
6	they (3pl)	té	te*, tāo*, tāi*, tāṇi*	te		te, tā
7	this	idám	aaṃ, ima	aaṃ, iaṃ, idaṃ		eya, ima, amu	ā
8	that	tát	ta			tam
9	here	átra, íha	iha, ettha	atta		etha	ahāṃ		ihato
10	there	tátra	tattha	tatta		tetha, tekaḍe
11	who	ká	ka, kiṃ	ko		ko, kā	kavaṇa
12	what	kím	ka, kiṃ	kiṃ, kadhaṃ		kāiṃ, kāya, kāye
13	where	kútra, kúha, kvà	kattha, kahiṃ	kahiṃ		kattha			kohito, koito
14	when	kadā́	kaā, kāhe			kaïṃ, keṃvhā, kaiṃ, kedhavāṃ
15	how	kathám	kahaṃ	kadhaṃ		kaisa, kaiseni			kene kori
16	not	ná	ṇa	na		nāhi, nāhiṃ, nāhī, nāhīṃ	ma
17	all	sárva, víśva	savva			savve
18	many	bahú					aneka, ghaṇaüṃ
19	some	kiñcid
20	few	álpa
21	other	anyá	aṇṇa, iara				avara, aṃna, anna
22	one	éka	ekka, ega					eka, ika
23	two	dvá	do, duve, donni
24	three	trí	tiṇṇi					tīni
25	four	cátur	cattāri					cāri
26	five	páñcan	paṃca					paṃca	pañco
27	big	mahát
28	long	dīrghá	dīha
29	wide	urú
30	thick	ghaná
31	heavy	gurú
32	small	álpa				lahāṇā, lahānā, lahānāla, lāna
33	short	hrasvá
34	narrow	aṃhú
35	thin	tanú				pātaḷa
36	woman	strī́					abalā
37	man (adult male)	púruṣa, nára	purisa, ṇara			puruso		puriṣa
38	man (human being)	manuṣyá, mānava	jaṇa, maṇussa			māṇuso	jaṇa
39	child	bā́la, śíśu	bālaa, vaccha
40	wife	pátnī, bhāryā́	bhajjā
41	husband	páti	paī, bhattu				bharatāra
42	mother	mā́tṛ	māu						mawo
43	father	pitṛ́	piu				tāya, pīya		bapo
44	animal	páśu
45	fish	mátsya	maccha			māsā, macha, maccha
46	bird	ví, pakṣin	pakkhi			pakkhiṇo
47	dog	śván				kutirā
48	louse	yūkā
49	snake	sarpá	sappa			sappo	ahi, bhūyaṃga
50	worm	kṛ́mi
51	tree	vṛkṣá, tarú	rukkha			rukkho
52	forest	vána	vaṇa			vaṇam	araṃna
53	stick	daṇḍá
54	fruit	phála	phala			phalāyim
55	seed	bī́ja	bīa
56	leaf	páttra	paṇṇa			pāna	pāna
57	root	mū́la	mūla
58	bark (of a tree)	tvác
59	flower	púṣpa	puppha, phulla			pupphāyim
60	grass	tṛ́ṇa				gavata
61	rope	rájju	rajju
62	skin	cárman, tvác
63	meat	māṃsá	maṃsa			mauṃsa
64	blood	rakta, ásṛj				ratta			tejo
65	bone	ásthi	aṭṭhi, haḍḍa
66	fat (noun)	pī́vas, médas
67	egg	aṇḍá
68	horn	śṛṅgá				siṃga
69	tail	púccha	puccha, puṃcha
70	feather	parṇá	paṇṇa
71	hair	kéśa
72	head	śíras
73	ear	kárṇa	kaṇṇa			kaṇṇo	kāna
74	eye	ákṣi	akkhi, acchi			akkhi	nayaṇa, loaṇa		cokṣu
75	nose	nā́sā	ṇakka			nāso
76	mouth	vaktra, múkha	muha			toṃḍa
77	tooth	dánta	daṃta			dāṃta			danto
78	tongue (organ)	jihvā́	jibbhā			jīhā
79	fingernail	nakhá	ṇaha
80	foot	padá	pāa			pāula
81	leg	jáṅgha	pāa						bhori
82	knee	jā́nu
83	hand	hásta, pāṇí	hattha			hatthā	hātha
84	wing	pakṣá
85	belly	udára	poṭṭa			poṭa
86	guts	ántra, āntra, gudá
87	neck	gala, grīvā́	gala			gaḷā
88	back	pṛṣṭhá				pāṭa, pāṭhī
89	breast	stána	thaṇa, vaccha
90	heart	hṛ́daya				hiyaya	haīḍaüṃ, hīaüṃ, hīyaḍaüṃ
91	liver	yákṛt
92	to drink	píbati	pivaï
93	to eat	khā́dati, átti	khāaï, bhakkhaï			khāyai	ārogivaüṃ, jimivaüṃ
94	to bite	dáśati	ḍasaï
95	to suck	dháyati
96	to spit	ṣṭhī́vati	thukkaï
97	to vomit	vámati
98	to blow	vā́ti	phukkaï
99	to breathe	ániti
100	to laugh	smáyate, hásati	hasaï				hasivaüṃ
101	to see	páśyati*, dṛś*	dissaï*, pāsaï*				ālokivaüṃ, īhivaüṃ, dekhivaüṃ
102	to hear	śṛṇóti	suṇaï			suṇai
103	to know	jānā́ti	jāṇaï				āṇivaüṃ, jāṇivaüṃ
104	to think	mányate, cintayati	ciṃtei
105	to smell	jíghrati
106	to fear	bibhéti, bháyate*
107	to sleep	svápiti	suvaï			suyai
108	to live	jī́vati
109	to die	mriyáte	maraï
110	to kill	hánti	mārei
111	to fight	yúdhyate	jujjhaï
112	to hunt	veti
113	to hit	hánti, tāḍáyati
114	to cut	kṛntáti	ciṃdaï*				kāpivaüṃ
115	to split	bhinátti	vaṃṭaï*
116	to stab	vídhyati
117	to scratch	likháti	lihaï
118	to dig	khánati	khaṇaï
119	to swim	plávate
120	to fly	pátati	uḍḍei				uḍivaüṃ, ūḍivaüṃ
121	to walk	éti, gácchati, cárati	calaï, gacchaï*			calai
122	to come	ā́gacchati	āgacchaï, ei				āvivaüṃ
123	to lie (as in a bed)	śéte
124	to sit	sī́dati	uvavisaï			acchai
125	to stand	tíṣṭhati	ciṭṭhaï*, ṭhāi, ṭhāāi*
126	to turn (intransitive)	vártate	valaï
127	to fall	pádyate	paḍaï			paḍai	paḍivaüṃ
128	to give	dádāti	dei					denā
129	to hold	dhárati	dharaï
130	to squeeze	mṛdnā́ti
131	to rub	ghárṣati	ghāsaï
132	to wash	kṣā́layati
133	to wipe	mā́rṣṭi
134	to pull	kárṣati
135	to push	nudáti
136	to throw	kṣipáti	khivaï
137	to tie	badhnā́ti, bandhati	baṃdhaï
138	to sew	sī́vyati	sivvaï
139	to count	gáṇayati, kálate	gaṇei
140	to say	vákti	bollaï*, bhaṇaï*				kahivaüṃ, bolivaüṃ
141	to sing	gā́yati	gāaï			gāyai
142	to play	dī́vyati	kīlaï, khelaï			kheḷai	ramate
143	to float	plávate
144	to flow	sárati, kṣárati	saraï
145	to freeze	śī́yate
146	to swell	śváyati
147	sun	sū́rya, ravi, sū́ra, bhāskara				sūriyo
148	moon	mā́sa, candramas, candrá				cando			cando
149	star	nákṣatra, stṛ́, tārā					tāraü
150	water	jalá, áp, pānīya, vā́ri, udán, toja	jala, vāri				pāṇī
151	rain	varṣá	pāusa						boriṣoṇo
152	river	nadī́	ṇaī			nai			gaṅgo
153	lake	sáras
154	sea	samudrá				samuddo
155	salt	lavaṇá					lūṇa
156	stone	áśman
157	sand	pāṃsú, śíkatā	vāluā
158	dust	reṇú	dhūlī
159	earth	kṣám, pṛthvī́	puhavī, mahī, bhūmi
160	cloud	nábhas, meghá	abbha, meha			meho
161	fog	míh
162	sky	ākāśá	ṇaha			āyāso	aṃbara
163	wind	vāyú, vā́ta	vāu
164	snow	himá, tuṣāra, tuhina
165	ice	himá
166	smoke	dhūmá
167	fire	agní	aggi
168	ash	ā́sa
169	to burn	dahati	jalaï
170	road	patha, ádhvan, mārga	magga, vaṭṭa				māga		dhonu, baṭo
171	mountain	girí, párvata	pavvaya
172	red	rakta, róhita
173	green	harit, harita, pā́lāśa, palāśa
174	yellow	pīta, pītala	pīvala
175	white	śvetá	paṃḍura
176	black	kṛṣṇá	kāla				kālaüṃ
177	night	rā́tri, nákti, kṣáp, rajanī
178	day	diná, áhar, divasa					roja
179	year	varṣá, saṃvatsara						barasa
180	warm	taptá
181	cold	śītá	sīala
182	full	pūrṇá
183	new	náva, nū́tana
184	old	jīrṇá, vṛddhá, purātana	juṇṇa
185	good	vásu, bhadrá	sāhu*
186	bad	pāpá, duṣṭa	duṭṭha*
187	rotten	pū́ti
188	dirty	malina, samala
189	straight	ṛjú, sādhú	uju
190	round	vṛttá, vartula
191	sharp (as a knife)	tīkṣṇá	tikkha
192	dull (as a knife)	kuṇṭha
193	smooth	ślakṣṇá, snigdhá
194	wet	ārdrá, klinná	olla
195	dry	śúṣka
196	correct	śuddhá, satyá
197	near	neda*, prati*	uva-*				urahaüṃ
198	far	dūrá	dūra				āghaüṃ
199	right	dákṣiṇa	dakkhiṇa
200	left	savyá							bamo
201	at	locative case	locative case
202	in	locative case	locative case			emmi	maï, māṃhi
203	with	sahá	saha				siuṃ
204	and	ca	ca				anaï	aru
205	if	yádi	jaï
206	because	hí
207	name	nā́man	ṇāma

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Abinomn Albanian Amdo Tibetan Amharic Armenian Aromanian Assamese Asturian Avar Azerbaijani Bangala Bashkir Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Moroccan Amazigh Tashelhit Central Atlas Tamazight Big Nambas Breton Bulgarian Burmese Burushaski Cape Verdean Carpathian Rusyn Catalan Chamorro Chechen Chinese Mandarin Standard Mandarin Sichuanese Nanjingese Cantonese Gan Hakka Min Hokkien Eastern Min Old Chinese Wu Shanghainese Suzhounese Xiang Cornish Creole Antillean Creole Guinea-Bissau Creole Jamaican Creole Haitian Creole Crimean Tatar Czech Old Czech Dalmatian Danish Dutch Afrikaans Limburgish Dutch Zealandic Dutch Egyptian English Old English Middle English Elamite Estonian Etruscan Fanagalo Faroese Fijian Finnish Fongbe French Old French Frisian Friulian Galician Garo Gelao Georgian German Gothic Greek Ancient Greek Guaraní Gujarati Hausa Hawaiian Hindustani Hindi Fiji Hindi Urdu Hittite Hmong Hungarian Hunsrik Icelandic Indonesian Ingush Irish Italian Japanese Old Japanese Classical Japanese Javan Betawi Javanic Standard Javanese Eastern Javanic Kangeanic Osing Sundanese Kannada Kashubian Kazakh Khmer Komi-Zyrian Konkani Jizhao Koreanic Korean Middle Korean Jeju Kurmanji Kurukh Kyrgyz Latin Vulgar Latin Latvian Ligurian Lingala Lithuanian Lombard Low Saxon Sallaands Lower Sorbian Macedonian Malagasy Malayalam Maltese Mandaic Mansi Northern Mansi Manx Māori Marathi Old Marathi Mauritian Creole Megleno-Romanian Mongolian Murui Huitoto Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Norwegian Bokmål Nynorsk Occitan Ojibwe Okinawan Old Tupi Ossetian Papiamento Pashto Persian Old Persian Middle Persian Philippines Bikol Central Bikol Cebuano Hiligaynon Ilocano Kapampangan Kinaray-a Maguindanao Maranao Sambali Tagalog Waraywaray Pirahã Polish Old Polish Portuguese Old Portuguese Punjabi Purepecha Quechua Rajasthani Romani Caló Romanian Russian Sangisari Sanskrit Saraiki Scottish Gaelic Semitic Arabic Standard Arabic Cypriot Arabic Egyptian Arabic Juba Arabic Moroccan Arabic South Levantine Arabic Tunisian Arabic Hebrew Biblical Hebrew Modern Hebrew Yiddish Serbo-Croatian Siberian Tatar Sicilian Sinhala Slovak Slovene Somali Spanish Chavacano Sranan Sulawesi Southern Sulawesi Bugis Makasar Sumatran Eastern Sumatran Malay Southeast Sumatran Musi Sumerian Swahili Swedish Tahitian Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Temiar Tigrinya Thai Tocharian B Tok Pisin Tooro Turkic Turkish Turkmen Tuvaluan Ukrainian Upper Sorbian Uyghur Uzbek Vietnamese Walloon Welsh West Coast Bajau Wutunhua Wyandot Zazaki Zulu ǃXóõ
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afroasiatic Algonquian and Iroquoian Arabic Austroasiatic Austronesian (Oceanic) Baltic Bantu Berber Celtic Chumashan and Hokan Dené–Yeniseian Dravidian Formosan Frisian Germanic Hmong-Mien Indo-Aryan Middle Early New Indo-Iranian Italian Japonic Kra–Dai Mayan Muskogean Niger–Congo Northeast Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Oto-Manguean Paleosiberian Pama-Nyungan Penutian Romance Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Raji-Raute Tibeto-Burman Tibeto-Burman (Nepal) Kho-Bwa Kuki-Chin Slavic Siouan and Pawnee South American Tungusic Tupian Turkic Uralic Finnic Uto-Aztecan
Constructed languages
Esperanto Ido Interlingua Interlingue Klingon Láadan Lingua Franca Nova Lingwa de Planeta (Lidepla) Lojban Novial Toki Pona Volapük
Reconstructed proto-languages
Proto-Austronesian Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Bantu Proto-Basque Proto-Celtic Proto-Germanic Proto-Hellenic Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Italic Proto-Japanese Proto-Mayan Proto-Slavic Proto-Turkic Proto-West Germanic
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