沾
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See also: 霑
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]沾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水卜口 (EYR), four-corner 31160, composition ⿰氵占)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]- 霑 (Variant form in mainland China)
Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17259
- Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1583, character 6
- Unihan data for U+6CBE
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
沾 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 沾 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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頕 | *taːm |
煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
炶 | *ɦlaːm |
詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
站 | *rteːms |
檆 | *sreːm |
黏 | *nem |
粘 | *nem |
枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
霑 | *tem |
沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
颭 | *tjemʔ |
佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
蛅 | *njem |
阽 | *lem |
敁 | *teːm |
掂 | *tiːm |
點 | *teːmʔ |
玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
店 | *tiːms |
坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
黇 | *tʰeːm |
扂 | *deːmʔ |
拈 | *neːm |
鮎 | *neːm |
砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
笘 | *teːb |
跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
貼 | *tʰeːb |
帖 | *tʰeːb |
怗 | *tʰeːb |
呫 | *tʰeːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of 霑 (zhān).
Etymology 1
[edit]Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, “to soak”), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, “soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked”), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, “muddy water”), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (“to soak”), *kram (“to sink”), Proto-Katuic *tram (“to soak”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
- Wade–Giles: chan1
- Yale: jān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
- Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zim1
- Yale: jīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzim1
- Guangdong Romanization: jim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Note:
- tiam, chiam - literary;
- cham - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 沾 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂan⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂan²¹/ /t͡san²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂã²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /tʃã²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂan²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂã⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡san⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡san⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡san⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sæ̃¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sæ̃³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sø⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sø⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sz̩ʷõ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕi³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕie³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂə̃³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡san³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɛn⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sam⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /tʃɑm²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sim⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sim⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sim⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sam³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sieŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niŋ⁵⁴/ /t͡siŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /tiam³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tiam²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: trjem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]rem/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tem/
Definitions
[edit]沾
- † abundant; overflowing; brimming
- to soak; to moisten
- 麗之姬,艾封人之子也。晉國之始得之也,涕泣沾襟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Lì zhī jī, Ài fēng rén zhī zǐ yě. Jìnguó zhī shǐ dé zhī yě, tìqì zhān jīn. [Pinyin]
- The concubine of Li was the daughter of a person from the frontiers of Ai. Initially, when the king of Jin took her as his concubine, she cried until her tears soaked her clothes.
丽之姬,艾封人之子也。晋国之始得之也,涕泣沾襟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association
- † to influence; to edify
- 若乃文約之所沾漸,風聲之所周流,幾將日所出入處也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
- Ruò nǎi wényuē zhī suǒ zhān jiàn, fēngshēng zhī suǒ zhōuliú, jǐ jiāng rì suǒ chūrù chù yě. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
若乃文约之所沾渐,风声之所周流,几将日所出入处也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- to be stained with; to be contaminated by
- to touch; to come into contact with
- 我這無根水,非此之論,乃是天上落下者,不沾地就吃,才叫做無根水。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
- Wǒ zhè wú gēn shuǐ, fēi cǐ zhī lùn, nǎi shì tiānshàng luòxià zhě, bù zhān dì jiù chī, cái jiàozuò wú gēn shuǐ. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
我这无根水,非此之论,乃是天上落下者,不沾地就吃,才叫做无根水。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (dialectal) to be good; to be okay
Synonyms
[edit]- (to benefit):
- (to touch):
Compounds
[edit]- 一沾
- 不沾
- 利益均沾
- 均沾 (jūnzhān)
- 得沾化雨
- 惹草沾花
- 惹草沾風/惹草沾风
- 汗出沾背
- 沐露沾霜
- 泣下沾襟
- 沾丐
- 沾乾/沾干
- 沾便宜
- 沾光 (zhānguāng)
- 沾包
- 沾化 (Zhānhuà)
- 沾卹
- 沾寒
- 沾巾
- 沾帶/沾带
- 沾惹
- 沾戀/沾恋
- 沾手 (zhānshǒu)
- 沾扯
- 沾接
- 沾染 (zhānrǎn)
- 沾汙/沾污
- 沾沾
- 沾泣
- 沾泥帶水/沾泥带水
- 沾泥絮
- 沾沾自喜 (zhānzhānzìxǐ)
- 沾沾自好
- 沾沾自滿/沾沾自满
- 沾沾自衒
- 沾沾自足
- 沾洿
- 沾洽
- 沾浹/沾浃
- 沾浥
- 沾渥
- 沾溉
- 沾漉
- 沾滯/沾滞
- 沾漸/沾渐
- 沾潤/沾润
- 沾濟/沾济
- 沾濕/沾湿 (zhānshī)
- 沾濡
- 沾灑/沾洒
- 沾牙
- 沾病
- 沾礙/沾碍
- 沾粘
- 沾纓/沾缨
- 沾脣/沾唇
- 沾臆
- 沾膺
- 沾花惹草
- 沾衣
- 沾衿
- 沾袍
- 沾被
- 沾補/沾补
- 沾裳
- 沾襟
- 沾親/沾亲
- 沾親帶友/沾亲带友
- 沾親帶故/沾亲带故
- 沾親帶骨/沾亲带骨
- 沾親挂拐
- 沾識/沾识
- 沾賚/沾赉
- 沾賞/沾赏
- 沾足
- 沾辱
- 沾連/沾连
- 沾逮
- 沾邊/沾边 (zhānbiān)
- 沾醉 (zhānzuì)
- 沾錫/沾锡
- 沾霈
- 沾風惹草/沾风惹草
- 沾黏
- 滴水不沾
- 滴水未沾
- 滴酒不沾 (dījiǔbùzhān)
- 禪絮沾泥/禅絮沾泥
- 脅不沾席/胁不沾席
- 腳不沾地/脚不沾地
- 迷花沾草
- 雨沾雲惹/雨沾云惹
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
- Wade–Giles: chan1
- Yale: jān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
- Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zim1
- Yale: jīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzim1
- Guangdong Romanization: jim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: trjem
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*tem/
Definitions
[edit]沾
- (~水) an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi (淇) River in Henan, China
- 又東北,沾水注之,水出壺關縣東沾臺下,石壁崇高,昂藏隱天 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Li Daoyuan, Commentary on the Water Classic, 386-534 CE
- yòu dōngběi, Zhānshuǐ zhù zhī, shuǐ chū Húguānxiàn dōng zhān tái xià, shíbì chónggāo, ángcáng yǐn tiān [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
又东北,沾水注之,水出壶关县东沾台下,石壁崇高,昂藏隐天 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tian
- Wade–Giles: tʻien1
- Yale: tyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tian
- Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: them
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰeːm/
Definitions
[edit]沾
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
- Wade–Giles: tien4
- Yale: dyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
- Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: temH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*teːms/
Definitions
[edit]沾
- (~水) an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye (冶) River in Hebei
- (~縣) (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County
- 出上黨沾縣西北少山大要谷,南過縣西,又從縣南屈。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Li Daoyuan, Commentary on the Water Classic, 386-534 CE
- Chū Shàngdǎng Diànxiàn xīběi Shào shān Dàyào gǔ, nán guò xiàn xī, yòu cóng xiàn nán qū. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
出上党沾县西北少山大要谷,南过县西,又从县南屈。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 5
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 覘. (This character is a variant form of 覘). |
Etymology 6
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 蘸 (“to dip in; to submerge in; to dip in; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蘸). |
Notes:
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]沾
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 均沾 (kinten)
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC trjem).
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC them).
Hanja
[edit]沾 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom))
Etymology 3
[edit]Hanja
[edit]沾 (eumhun 경망할 첩 (gyeongmanghal cheop))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]沾: Hán Nôm readings: chăm, trèm, triêm, chem, thêm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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