Appendix:Palestinian Arabic Swadesh list
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See Appendix:Arabic Swadesh list
This is a Swadesh list of 207 words in English and Palestinian Arabic. The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist w:Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing w:Wikitravel lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.
Note that the phonetic transcription corresponds to the urban speakers of Jerusalem and Galilee who keep ك as [k] and lighten ق to [ʔ]. In the villages, ق is pronounced [k] instead and ك is prounounced [tʃ]. The Beduin on their side pronounce ق as [g] and ك as [tʃ].
List [edit]
| No. | English | Palestinian Arabic فلسطيني, IPA: /fɑlɑs'tˤi:ni/ |
IPA pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | انا | IPA: /'ʔana/ |
| 2 | you (singular) | انت, انتي | IPA: /'ʔente/ (m), IPA: /ʔenti/ (f) |
| 3 | he | هو | IPA: /'huwwe/ |
| 4 | we | احنا | IPA: /'ʔeħna/ |
| 5 | you (plural) | انتو | IPA: /'ʔentu/ |
| 6 | they | هم | IPA: /'humme/ |
| 7 | this | هدا ,هاي, هدول | IPA: /'ha:da/ (m), IPA: /ha:j/ (f) IPA: /ha'doːl/ (pl) |
| 8 | that | هداك ,هديك, هدولك | IPA: /ha'da:k/ (m), IPA: /ha'di:k/ (f) IPA: /ha'doːlak/ (pl) |
| 9 | here | هون | IPA: /ho:n/ |
| 10 | there | هناك | IPA: /hu'naːk/ |
| 11 | who | مين | IPA: /miːn/ |
| 12 | what | ايش, شو | IPA: /ʔeːʃ/, IPA: /ʃu/ |
| 13 | where | وين | IPA: /weːn/ |
| 14 | when | ايمتى | IPA: /'ʔeːmta/ |
| 15 | how | كيف | IPA: /ki:f/ |
| 16 | not | مش | IPA: /meʃ/, /muʃ/ or /məʃ/ |
| 17 | all | كل | IPA: /kill/ |
| 18 | many | كتير | IPA: /ktiːɾ/ |
| 19 | some | كم من | IPA: /kam men/ |
| 20 | few | شوية | IPA: /'ʃwajje/ |
| 21 | other | تاني | IPA: /'taːni/ |
| 22 | one | واحد, واحدة | IPA: /'waːħad/ (m), IPA: /'waħde/ (f) |
| 23 | two | اتنين | IPA: /tneːn/ |
| 24 | three | تلاتة | IPA: /'tlaːte/ |
| 25 | four | اربعة | IPA: /'ʔɑɾbʕɑ/ |
| 26 | five | خمسة | IPA: /'xamse/ |
| 27 | big | كبير | IPA: /kbiːɾ/ |
| 28 | long | طويل | IPA: /tˤwiːl/ |
| 29 | wide | واسع | IPA: /'waːseʕ/ |
| 30 | thick | خميل | IPA: /xmiːl/ |
| 31 | heavy | تقيل | IPA: /tʔiːl/ |
| 32 | small | صغير | IPA: /zɣi:ɾ/ |
| 33 | short | قصير | IPA: /ʔa'sˤi:ɾ/ |
| 34 | narrow | ضيّق | IPA: /'dˤajjeʔ/ |
| 35 | thin | رفيع | IPA: /ɾfi:ʕ/ |
| 36 | woman | مرة | IPA: /'mɑɾɑ/ |
| 37 | man (male) | رجل,رجال | IPA: /'ɾɑʒol/, IPA: /'ɾeʒ'ʒa:l/ |
| 38 | man (human) | انسان | IPA: /ʔensaːn/ |
| 39 | child | ولد, طفل | IPA: /'walad/, IPA: /tˤəfl/ |
| 40 | wife | مرة | IPA: /'mɑɾɑ/ |
| 41 | husband | جوز | IPA: /ʒoːz/ |
| 42 | mother | ام | IPA: /ʔemm/ |
| 43 | father | اب, ابو | IPA: /ʔabb/, /ʔa'buː-/ |
| 44 | animal | حيوان | IPA: /ħaj'waːn/ |
| 45 | fish | سمكة | IPA: /'samake/ |
| 46 | bird | عصفورة | IPA: /ʕɑsˤ'fuːɾɑ/ |
| 47 | dog | كلب | IPA: /kalb/ |
| 48 | louse | قملة | IPA: /'ʔamle/ |
| 49 | snake | حية | IPA: /'ħajje/ |
| 50 | worm | دودة | IPA: /duːde/ |
| 51 | tree | سجرة | IPA: /'sɑʒɑɾɑ/ |
| 52 | forest | غابة, حرش | IPA: /ɣaːbe/, IPA: /ħoɾʃ/ |
| 53 | stick | عصاي | IPA: /ʕɑsˤɑːj/ |
| 54 | fruit | فاكهة | IPA: /fakha/ |
| 55 | seed | حبة, بذرة | IPA: /ħabbe/, /'bezɾe/ |
| 56 | leaf | ورقة | IPA: /waɾaʔa/ |
| 57 | root | شرش | IPA: /ʃeɾʃ/ |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | قشرة | IPA: /'ʔeʃɾe/ |
| 59 | flower | {زهرة | IPA: /'zahɾa/ |
| 60 | grass | عشب, حشيش | IPA: /'ʕeʃeb/, IPA: /ħa'ʃiːʃ/ |
| 61 | rope | حبل | IPA: /'ħabəl/ |
| 62 | skin | جلد | IPA: /ʒeld/ |
| 63 | meat | لحمة | IPA: /'laħme/ |
| 64 | blood | دم | IPA: /damm/ |
| 65 | bone | عضمة | IPA: /'ʕɑdˤme/ |
| 66 | fat (noun) | شحم | IPA: /'ʃaħəm/ |
| 67 | egg | بيضة | IPA: /beːdˤɑ/ |
| 68 | horn | قرن | IPA: /'ʔaɾən/ |
| 69 | tail | دنب | IPA: /'danəb/ |
| 70 | feather | ريشة | IPA: /ɾiːʃe/ |
| 71 | hair | شعرة | IPA: /'ʃaʕɾɑ/ |
| 72 | head | راس | IPA: /ɾɑːs/ |
| 73 | ear | دان | IPA: /daːn/ |
| 74 | eye | عين | IPA: /ʕeːn/ |
| 75 | nose | منخار | IPA: /mən'xɑːɾ/ |
| 76 | mouth | تم | IPA: /tomm/ |
| 77 | tooth | سن | IPA: /senn/ |
| 78 | tongue | لسان | IPA: /lsaːn/ |
| 79 | fingernail | اضفر | IPA: /'ʔodˤfɑɾ/ |
| 80 | foot | اجر | IPA: /'ʔeʒer/ |
| 81 | leg | ساق | IPA: /saːʔ/ |
| 82 | knee | ركبة | IPA: /'ɾəkbe/ |
| 83 | hand | ايد | IPA: /ʔiːd/ |
| 84 | wing | جناح | IPA: /ʒnaːħ/ |
| 85 | belly | بطن | IPA: /'bɑtˤən/ |
| 86 | guts | مصران | IPA: /mosˤɾɑːn/ |
| 87 | neck | رقبة | IPA: /'ɾɑʔɑbe/ |
| 88 | back | ضهر | IPA: /'dˤɑhəɾ/ |
| 89 | breast | صدر, بز | IPA: /'sˁɑdəɾ/, /bezz/ |
| 90 | heart | قلب | IPA: /ʔalb/ |
| 91 | liver | كبدة - Updated until here from Egyptian | IPA: /'kibde/ |
| 92 | to drink | شرب, يشرب | IPA: /ʃiɾib/, /jiʃɾɑb/ |
| 93 | to eat | كل, اكل, ياكل | IPA: /kal/ or /ʔakal/, /jaːkul/ |
| 94 | to bite | عض, يعض | IPA: /ʕɑdˤdˤ/, /jiʕudˤdˤ/ |
| 95 | to suck | مص, يمص | IPA: /mɑsˤsˤ/, /jimusˤsˤ/ |
| 96 | to spit | تف, يتف | IPA: /taff/, /jitiff/ |
| 97 | to vomit | رجّع, يرجّع | IPA: /ɾɑggaʕ/, /jiɾɑggaʕ/ |
| 98 | to blow | نفخ, ينفخ | IPA: /nafax/, /jinfux/ |
| 99 | to breathe | اتنفس, يتنفس | IPA: /ʔitnaffis/, /jitnaffis/ |
| 100 | to laugh | ضحك, يضحك | IPA: /diħik/, /jidħak/ |
| 101 | to see | شاف, يشوف | IPA: /ʃaːf/, /jiʃuːf/ |
| 102 | to hear | سمع, يسمع | IPA: /simiʕ/, /jismaʕ/ |
| 103 | to know | عرف, يعرف | IPA: /ʕiɾif/, /jiʕɾɑf/ |
| 104 | to think | افتكر, يفتكر | IPA: /ʔiftɑkɑɾ/, /jiftikiɾ/ |
| 105 | to smell | شم, يشم | IPA: /ʃamm/, /jiʃimm/ |
| 106 | to fear | خاف, يخاف | IPA: /xaːf/, /jixaːf/ |
| 107 | to sleep | نام, ينام | IPA: /naːm/, /jinaːm/ |
| 108 | to live | عاش, يعيش | IPA: /ʕaːʃ/, /jiʕiːʃ / |
| 109 | to die | مات, يموت | IPA: /maːt/, /jimuːt/ |
| 110 | to kill | موّت, يموّت, قتل, يقتل | IPA: /mawwit/, /jimawwit/, /ʔatal/, /jəʔtil/ |
| 111 | to fight | اتخانق, يتخانق | IPA: /ʔitxaːniʔ/, /jitxaːniʔ/ |
| 112 | to hunt | اصطاد, يصطاد | IPA: /ʔisˤtˤɑːd/, /jisˤtˤɑːd/ |
| 113 | to hit | ضرب, يضرب | IPA: /dˤɑɾɑb/, /jidˤɾɑb/ |
| 114 | to cut | قطع, يقطع | IPA: /ʔɑtˤɑʕ/, /jiʔtˤɑʕ/ |
| 115 | to split | شق, يشق | IPA: /ʃaʔʔ/, /jiʃuʔʔ/ |
| 116 | to stab | طعن, يطعن | IPA: /tˤɑʕɑn/, /jitˤʕɑn/ |
| 117 | to scratch | خربش, يخربش | IPA: /xaɾbiʃ/, /jixaɾbiʃ/ |
| 118 | to dig | حفر, يحفر | IPA: /ħɑfɑɾ/, /jiħfuɾ/ |
| 119 | to swim | قام, يقوم | IPA: /ʕaːm/, /jiʕuːm/ |
| 120 | to fly | طار, يطير | IPA: /tˤɑːɾ/, /jitˤiːɾ/ |
| 121 | to walk | مشي, يمشي | IPA: /miʃi/, /jimʃi/ |
| 122 | to come | جا, ييجي | IPA: /ʒa/, /jiːʒi/ |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | نام, ينام | IPA: /naːm/, /jinaːm/ |
| 124 | to sit | قعد, يقعد | IPA: /ʔaʕad/, /jiʔʕud/ |
| 125 | to stand | وقف, يقف | IPA: /wiʔif/, /juʔaf/ |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | لف, يلف | IPA: /laff/, /jiliff/ |
| 127 | to fall | وقع, يقع | IPA: /wiʔiʕ/, /juʔaʕ/ |
| 128 | to give | عطى, يعطي | IPA: /ʕatˤa/, /jaʕtˁi/ |
| 129 | to hold | مسك, يمسك | IPA: /misik/, /jimsik/ |
| 130 | to squeeze | عصر, يعصر | IPA: /ʕɑsˤɑɾ/, /jiʕsˤuɾ/ |
| 131 | to rub | فرك, يفرك | IPA: /faɾak/, /jifɾik/ |
| 132 | to wash | غسل, يغسل | IPA: /ɣasal/, /jiɣsil/ |
| 133 | to wipe | مسح, يمسح | IPA: /masaħ/, /jimsaħ/ |
| 134 | to pull | شد, يشد | IPA: /ʃadd/, /jiʃidd/ |
| 135 | to push | زق, يزق | IPA: /zaʔʔ/, /jizuʔʔ/ |
| 136 | to throw | رمى, يرمي | IPA: /ɾama/, /jiɾmi/ |
| 137 | to tie | ربط, يربط | IPA: /ɾɑbɑtˤ/, /jiɾbutˤ/ |
| 138 | to sew | خيّط, يخيّط | IPA: /xɑjjɑtˤ/, /jixɑjjɑtˤ/ |
| 139 | to count | عد, يعد | IPA: /ʕadd/, /jiʕidd/ |
| 140 | to say | قال, يقول | IPA: /ʔaːl/, /jiʔuːl/ |
| 141 | to sing | غنّى, يغنّي | IPA: /ɣanna/, /jiɣanni/ |
| 142 | to play | لعب, يلعب | IPA: /liʕib/, /jilʕab/ |
| 143 | to float | عام, يعوم | IPA: /ʕaːm/, /jiʕuːm/ |
| 144 | to flow | جري, يجري | IPA: /giɾi/, /jigɾi/ |
| 145 | to freeze | تلّج, يتلّج, جمّد, يجمّد | IPA: /tallig/, /jitallig/, /gammid/, /jigammid/ |
| 146 | to swell | ورم, يورم | IPA: /wiɾim/, /jiwɾam/ |
| 147 | sun | شمس | IPA: /ʃams/ |
| 148 | moon | قمر | IPA: /ʔɑmɑɾ/ |
| 149 | star | نجمة | IPA: /niʒme/ |
| 150 | water | مية | IPA: /mɑjja/ |
| 151 | rain | مطر | IPA: /mɑtˤɑɾ/ |
| 152 | river | بحر, نهر | IPA: /bɑħɾ/, /nahɾ/ |
| 153 | lake | بحيرة, بركة | IPA: /buħeːɾa/, /biɾka/ |
| 154 | sea | بحر | IPA: /baħɾ/ |
| 155 | salt | ملح | IPA: /malħ/ |
| 156 | stone | حجر, طوبة | IPA: /ħɑʒɑɾ/, /tˤuːbɑ/ |
| 157 | sand | رمل | IPA: /ɾaml/ |
| 158 | dust | تراب | IPA: /tuɾɑːb/ |
| 159 | earth | ارض | IPA: /ʔɑɾdˤ/ |
| 160 | cloud | سحاب, غيمة | IPA: /saħaːb/, /ɣeːma/ |
| 161 | fog | شبورة, ضباب | IPA: /ʃabbuːɾa/, /dˤɑbɑːb/ |
| 162 | sky | سما | IPA: /sama/ |
| 163 | wind | هوا | IPA: /hawa/ |
| 164 | snow | تلج | IPA: /talʒ/ |
| 165 | ice | تلج | IPA: /talʒ/ |
| 166 | smoke | دخان | IPA: /duxxaːn/ |
| 167 | fire | نار | IPA: /nɑːɾ/ |
| 168 | ash | رماد | IPA: /ɾumɑːd/ |
| 169 | to burn | حرق, يحرق | IPA: /ħaɾaʔ/, /jiħɾaʔ/ |
| 170 | road | طريق, سكة | IPA: /tˤɑɾiːʔ/, /sikka/ |
| 171 | mountain | جبل | IPA: /ʒabal/ |
| 172 | red | احمر | IPA: /ʔɑħmɑɾ/ |
| 173 | green | اخضر | IPA: /ʔɑxdˤɑɾ/ |
| 174 | yellow | اصفر | IPA: /ʔɑsˤfɑɾ/ |
| 175 | white | ابيض | IPA: /ʔɑbjɑdˤ/' |
| 176 | black | اسود | IPA: /ʔiswid/ |
| 177 | night | ليلة | IPA: /leːla/ |
| 178 | day | يوم, نهار | IPA: /joːm/, /nɑhɑːɾ/ |
| 179 | year | سنة | IPA: /sana/ |
| 180 | warm | دافي | IPA: /daːfi/ |
| 181 | cold | برد, ساقع | IPA: /baɾd/, /saːʔiʕ/ |
| 182 | full | مليان | IPA: /maljaːn/ |
| 183 | new | جديد | IPA: /ʒidiːd/ |
| 184 | old | قديم | IPA: /ʔadiːm/ |
| 185 | good | كويس, طيب | IPA: /kuwajjis/, /tˤɑjjib / |
| 186 | bad | وحش | IPA: /wiħiʃ/ |
| 187 | rotten | معفن | IPA: /miʕaffin/ |
| 188 | dirty | وسخ | IPA: /wisix/ |
| 189 | straight | عدل | IPA: /ʕidil/ |
| 190 | round | مدور | IPA: /midɑwwɑɾ/ |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | حامي | IPA: /ħaːmi/ |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | بارد, تلم | IPA: /baːɾid/, /tilim/ |
| 193 | smooth | ناعم | IPA: /naːʕim/ |
| 194 | wet | مبلول | IPA: /mabluːl/ |
| 195 | dry | ناشف | IPA: /naːʃif/ |
| 196 | correct | صح | IPA: /sˤɑħħ/ |
| 197 | near | قريّب | IPA: /ʔuɾajjib/ |
| 198 | far | بعيد | IPA: /biʕiːd/ |
| 199 | right | يمين | IPA: /jimiːn/ |
| 200 | left | شمال | IPA: /ʃimaːl/ |
| 201 | at | عند | IPA: /ʕand/ |
| 202 | in | في | IPA: /fi-/ |
| 203 | with | مع, ب | IPA: /maʕa, bi-/ |
| 204 | and | و | IPA: /wi-/, /wa-/ |
| 205 | if | لو, اذا, ان | IPA: /law/, /ʔiza/, /ʔin/ |
| 206 | because | عشان, علعشان | IPA: /ʕaʃaːn/, /ʕalaʃaːn/ |
| 207 | name | اسم | IPA: /ʔism/ |
References [edit]
- Dictionnaire de l'Arabe Parlé Palestinien, by Yohanan Elihai (Hebraic University, Jerusalem), Klincksieck ed., Paris, 1973., ISBN 2-252-02511-5.
