彼
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order (Chinese) | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Han character
[edit]彼 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹人木竹水 (HODHE), four-corner 24247, composition ⿰彳皮)
Derived characters
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 365, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10066
- Dae Jaweon: page 685, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 817, character 10
- Unihan data for U+5F7C
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
陂 | *pral, *prals |
詖 | *pral, *prals |
彼 | *pralʔ |
柀 | *pralʔ |
佊 | *pralʔ, *prals |
貱 | *prals |
跛 | *prals, *paːlʔ |
披 | *pʰral, *pʰralʔ |
鈹 | *pʰral |
帔 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
鮍 | *pʰral |
耚 | *pʰral |
狓 | *pʰral |
翍 | *pʰral |
旇 | *pʰral, *brals |
秛 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
紴 | *pʰralʔ, *paːl |
皮 | *bral |
疲 | *bral |
被 | *bralʔ, *brals |
髲 | *brals |
鞁 | *brals |
骳 | *mbralʔ |
波 | *paːl |
碆 | *paːl, *baːl |
菠 | *paːl |
簸 | *paːlʔ, *paːls |
駊 | *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ |
頗 | *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls |
坡 | *pʰaːl |
玻 | *pʰaːl |
破 | *pʰaːls |
婆 | *baːl |
蔢 | *baːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *pralʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
彼 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 佊 |
Related to 夫 (OC *pa, *ba, “that”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bei2 / pei2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pí
- Eastern Min (BUC): bī
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pí
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5pi; 5pe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ
- Wade–Giles: pi3
- Yale: bǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bii
- Palladius: би (bi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bei2 / pei2
- Yale: béi / péi
- Cantonese Pinyin: bei2 / pei2
- Guangdong Romanization: béi2 / péi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei̯³⁵/, /pʰei̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pí
- Hakka Romanization System: biˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bi3
- Sinological IPA: /pi³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bī
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- 2pi - vernacular;
- 2pe - literary.
- Middle Chinese: pjeX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pajʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pralʔ/
Definitions
[edit]彼
- (literary) that; those
- (literary) he; she; it
- 夫撫劍疾視曰,『彼惡敢當我哉』!此匹夫之勇,敵一人者也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Fū fǔjiàn jíshì yuē, ‘bǐ wū gǎn dāng wǒ zāi’! Cǐ pǐfūzhīyǒng, dí yīrén zhě yě. [Pinyin]
- If a man brandishes his sword, looks fiercely, and says, "How dare he withstand me?" - this is the valour of a common man, who can be the opponent only of a single individual.
夫抚剑疾视曰,『彼恶敢当我哉』!此匹夫之勇,敌一人者也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 彼用無為有,故謂矯,若有而謂有,夫豈為矯哉! [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE
- Bǐ yòng wú wéi yǒu, gù wèi jiǎo, ruò yǒu ér wèi yǒu, fū qǐ wèi jiǎo zāi! [Pinyin]
- He made use of what did not exist as if it had existed, and therefore it was called pretension. If he declared to be existent what really existed, how would this be pretension?
彼用无为有,故谓矫,若有而谓有,夫岂为矫哉! [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- (that):
- (he):
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “that”): 此 (cǐ)
Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不分彼此 (bùfēnbǐcǐ)
- 何彼襛矣/何彼𰳺矣
- 厚彼薄此
- 厚此薄彼 (hòucǐbóbǐ)
- 彼倡此和
- 彼唱此和
- 彼岸 (bǐ'àn)
- 彼得 (Bǐdé)
- 彼得大帝 (Bǐdé Dàdì)
- 彼此 (bǐcǐ)
- 彼眾我寡/彼众我寡 (bǐzhòngwǒguǎ)
- 彼竭我盈 (bǐjiéwǒyíng)
- 彼蒼/彼苍
- 彼長我消/彼长我消
- 挹彼注此
- 挹彼注茲 (yìbǐzhùzī)
- 此仆彼起
- 此唱彼和
- 此問彼難/此问彼难
- 此發彼應/此发彼应
- 此起彼伏 (cǐqǐbǐfú)
- 此起彼落 (cǐqǐbǐluò)
- 瞻彼洛矣
- 知己知彼 (zhījǐzhībǐ)
- 知彼知己 (zhībǐzhījǐ)
- 聖彼得堡/圣彼得堡 (Shèng Bǐdébǎo)
- 誓彼襟靈/誓彼襟灵
- 顧此失彼/顾此失彼 (gùcǐshībǐ)
Etymology 2
[edit]Related to 許/许 (hí, hír, “that”); see there for more.
Pronunciation 2 is a fusion word of 許/许 (hí, hír, “that”) + 一 (it, “one”); compare Mandarin 那 (nèi), from 那 (nà, “that”) + 一 (yī, “one”) (Mei and Yang, 1995).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
彼 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 許/许 赫 |
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hé / he
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hé
- Tâi-lô: hé
- Phofsit Daibuun: hea
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /he⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he
- Tâi-lô: he
- Phofsit Daibuun: hef
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /he⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
Definitions
[edit]彼
- (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) that (demonstrative pronoun)
Synonyms
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
彼 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 許/许 迄 |
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hit
Definitions
[edit]彼
- (Southern Min) that (demonstrative determiner)
- 彼本冊/彼本册 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― hit pún chheh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― that book
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #3891”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
- Kun: あ (a, 彼); あの (ano, 彼の); あれ (are, 彼); あれ (are, 彼れ); か (ka, 彼); かれ (kare, 彼, Jōyō); かの (kano, 彼, Jōyō †)
- Nanori: その (sono)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
彼 |
か Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
Derived terms
[edit]- 彼 (kano), 彼の (kano, “his; that”)
- 彼 (kare, “he”)
See also
[edit]a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
Time | いつ (itsu) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
彼 |
かれ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
儂 (rare) |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 彼 (ka, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives). Found in the Man'yōshū compiled around 759.
The sense development seems to have proceeded from "that thing over there" to "that person over there [of indeterminate gender]". The specifically male sense of "he" only arose later during the late Edo period and early Meiji period, influenced by translations of texts from European languages.[2][1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4045:
- 於伎敝欲里 美知久流之保能 伊也麻之尓 安我毛布支見我 弥不根可母加礼
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- third person pronoun: he, she
Derived terms
[edit]- 彼氏 (kareshi, “boyfriend”)
See also
[edit]a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
Time | いつ (itsu) |
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
彼 |
か(の) Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 彼 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 彼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
彼 |
あ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 彼 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 彼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
彼 |
あれ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 彼 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 彼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 彼 (MC pjeX). Recorded as Middle Korean 피〯 (phǐ) (Yale: phi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]彼: Hán Nôm readings: bỉ, bể, bở
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Compounds
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese pronouns
- Mandarin pronouns
- Cantonese pronouns
- Hakka pronouns
- Eastern Min pronouns
- Hokkien pronouns
- Wu pronouns
- Middle Chinese pronouns
- Old Chinese pronouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 彼
- Chinese literary terms
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Zhangzhou Hokkien
- Taiwanese Hokkien
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Chinese determiners
- Hokkien determiners
- Southern Min Chinese
- Advanced Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ひ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ひ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ・の
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あれ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ・れ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading か
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かれ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かの
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading その
- Japanese terms spelled with 彼 read as か
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese pronouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 彼
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 彼 read as かれ
- Japanese terms suffixed with れ
- Old Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese adnominals
- Japanese terms spelled with 彼 read as あ
- Japanese terms spelled with 彼 read as あれ
- Japanese interjections
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters