red

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See also: -red, red-, Red, RED, and rěd

English

Various shades of red
A Celtic woman with red hair.
A Uyghur girl in China who has red hair.
A glass of red wine

Pronunciation

  • enPR: rĕd, IPA(key): /ɹɛd/, [ɻʷɛˑd̥]
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Homophone: read (past tense/participle)
  • Rhymes: -ɛd

Etymology 1

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.

Cognates
See also West Frisian read, Low German root, rod, Dutch rood, German rot, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød, Norwegian Nynorsk raud; also Welsh rhudd, Latin ruber, rufus, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Albanian pruth (“redhead”), Russian ру́дый (rúdyj) ("red", "redhaired"). Czech rudý, Lithuanian raúdas, Serbo-Croatian riđ ("reddish", "red"), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”).

Adjective

red (comparative redder or more red, superlative reddest or most red)

  1. Having red as its color.
    The girl wore a red skirt.
  2. (of hair) Having an orange-brown or orange-blond colour; ginger.
    Her hair had red highlights.
  3. (of the skin) With a red hue due to embarrassment or sunburn.
    • 1982, Douglas Adams, Life, the Universe and Everything, page 23:
      [T]he sun was shining on a happy crowd. It shone on white hats and red faces. It shone on ice lollies and melted them.
  4. (card games, of a card) Of the hearts or diamonds suits. Compare black (“of the spades or clubs suits”)
    I got two red queens, and he got one of the black queens.
  5. (often capitalized) Supportive of, related to, or dominated by a political party or movement represented by the color red:
    1. Left-wing parties and movements, chiefly socialist or communist, including the U.K. Labour party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
      • "Only Nixon could go to China" was the refrain of conventional wisdom during Richard Nixon’s 1972 official visit to Mao Tse-tung’s regime. Nixon’s anti-communist credentials, however dubious, provided useful camouflage as he opened diplomatic relations with Red China and made breathtaking concessions that an undisguised liberal couldn’t get away with. [1]
      the red-black grand coalition in Germany
    2. (US, 21st century) the U.S. Republican party
      a red state
      a red Congress
  6. (chiefly derogatory, offensive) Amerind; relating to Amerindians or First Nations
    • 1994, Soundgarden, Spoonman
      All my friends are Indians / All my friends are brown and red
  7. (astronomy) Of the lower-frequency region of the (typically visible) part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is relevant in the specific observation.
  8. (particle physics) Having a color charge of red.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
Translations
See red/translations § Adjective.

Noun

red (countable and uncountable, plural reds)

  1. (countable and uncountable) Any of a range of colours having the longest wavelengths, 670 nm, of the visible spectrum; a primary additive colour for transmitted light: the colour obtained by subtracting green and blue from white light using magenta and yellow filters; the colour of blood, ripe strawberries, etc.
    red:  
    His face turned red in embarrassment.
  3. (countable) A revolutionary socialist or (most commonly) a Communist; (usually capitalized) a Bolshevik, a supporter of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War.
    Coordinate term: pinko
  4. (countable, snooker) One of the 15 red balls used in snooker, distinguished from the colours.
  5. (countable and uncountable) Red wine.
    • 1977 September, Billy Joel (lyrics and music), “Scenes from an Italian Restaurant”, in The Stranger:
      A bottle of red, a bottle of white / It all depends upon your appetite / I'll meet you any time you want / in our Italian restaurant.
    • 2005, Jeffrey P. Landry, Temptation Mango:
      He produced a wine key from his jacket pocket and effortlessly removed the cork from the bottle of red.
    • 2008 January–February, “70 Ways to Improve Every Day of the Week”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 135:
      59 sneak in some red Smuggle a bottle of wine, two glasses, and a corkscrew into a long matinee. Red wine is rich in life-extending antioxidants, and the caper will add zest even to a bad movie.
  6. (countable) Any of several varieties of ale which are brewed with red or kilned malt, giving the beer a red colour.
    Hyponyms: Flanders red, Irish red
    • 2012 June 5, Howard Stelzer, Beer Cocktails: 50 Superbly Crafted Cocktails that Liven Up Your Lagers and Ales, Harvard Common Press, →ISBN:
      American reds and doppelbocks are heavy lagers as well. It really comes down to how the beer was made. Beyond that, brewers are immensely creative and have developed styles of both ale and lager that run a wide range of attributes.
    • 2016 April 1, Lonely Planet, Helena Smith, Andy Symington, Donna Wheeler, Lonely Planet Belgium & Luxembourg, Lonely Planet, →ISBN:
      No other country has a brewing tradition as richly diverse as that of Belgium, with beers ranging from pleasant pale lagers to wild, winelike Flemish reds and lambics.
  7. (countable, informal, Australia) A red kangaroo.
  8. (countable, informal, UK, birdwatching) A redshank.
  9. (derogatory, offensive) An American Indian.
  10. (slang) The drug secobarbital; a capsule of this drug.
    • 1970, “Truckin'”, in American Beauty, performed by Grateful Dead:
      What in the world ever became of sweet Jane? / She lost her sparkle, you know she isn't the same / Livin' on reds, vitamin C, and cocaine
    • 1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Harper Perennial, published 2005, page 202:
      The big market, these days, is in Downers. Reds and smack—Seconal and heroin—and a hellbroth of bad domestic grass sprayed with everything from arsenic to horse tranquillizers.
  11. (informal) A red light (a traffic signal)
    • 1974, Tom Waits (lyrics and music), “(Looking for) The Heart of Saturday Night”, in The Heart of Saturday Night‎[2]:
      Stopping on the red, you're going on the green / Cause tonight will be like nothing you've ever seen / And you're barreling down the boulevard / You're looking for the heart of Saturday night
  12. (Ireland, UK, beverages, informal) Red lemonade
  13. (particle physics) One of the three color charges for quarks.
  14. (US, colloquial, uncountable) Chili con carne (usually in the phrase "bowl of red").
    • 1982, The Rotarian, volume 140, number 1, page 39:
      Houston visited a home in an early pioneer settlement where he was offered a bowl of red. Houston eagerly took his first large spoonful. His eyes watering, he spat out his bite […]
  15. (informal) The redfish or red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, a fish with reddish fins and scales.
    • 2013 November, Catch Cormier, “Sightcasting for redfish”, in Louisiana Sportsman‎[3]:
      The species Sciaenops ocellatus certainly isn’t lacking for nicknames. […] Clear water also favors sightcasting. Against the dark background of marsh mud, a red will appear like a pumpkin — big, orange and round.
  16. (slang, uncountable) Tomato ketchup.
    • 2016, Jon Bounds, ‎Danny Smith, Pier Review: A Road Trip in Search of the Great British Seaside
      I squeeze some red out over my chips and feel guilty. Nothing is as English as Heinz ketchup in the sauce game, except perhaps HP.
Derived terms
Terms derived from red (noun)
Translations

See also

Colors/Colours in English (layout · text)
             red          orange              yellow              green              blue (incl.      indigo;
             cyan, teal, turquoise) 		             purple / violet
         pink (including
         magenta) 		         brown      white              grey/gray      black

References

Further reading

Etymology 2

From the archaic verb rede.

Verb

red

  1. (archaic) simple past and past participle of rede

Etymology 3

Verb

red (third-person singular simple present reds, present participle redding, simple past and past participle redded)

  1. Alternative spelling of redd

References

Anagrams

Bislama

Etymology

From English red.

Adjective

red

  1. red

Danish

Pronunciation

Verb

red

  1. Template:past tense of

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

red

  1. (deprecated template usage) first-person singular present indicative of redden
  2. (deprecated template usage) imperative of redden

Anagrams

German

Pronunciation

Verb

red

  1. singular imperative of reden

Italian

Noun

red

  1. a type of rice

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish rét.

Noun

red m (genitive singular red, plural reddyn)

  1. thing, object, item
    Cha daink reddyn dy mie.
    Things didn't pan out well.
    Cha nel shen deyr son y leagh t'er reddyn nish.
    That's not dear as things go.
    Kanys ta reddyn goll er?
    How are things?
    Son y chied red, t'eh ro vie dy ve firrinagh.
    For one thing, it is too good to be true.
    Ta reddyn couyral.
    Things are getting better.
    Ta reddyn ennagh ayn nagh vel niart ain orroo.
    There are some things we cannot help.
    Ta shen red aitt.
    That's a curious thing.
    T'eh yn un red.
    It amounts to the same thing.
    T'eh çheet stiagh rish yn red elley.
    It falls in with the other thing.
    She'n red hene eh y traa shoh.
    It's the real thing this time.
    Va shen yn red cooie dy ghra.
    That was the appropriate thing to say.
  2. matter

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English rǣd, from Proto-West Germanic *rād, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

red (plural redes)

  1. counsel, advice, recommendation
  2. persuasion, convincing
  3. agreement, permission, allowance
  4. decree, edict
  5. decision, will, purpose
  6. judgement, judicial decision, opinion
  7. plan, strategy, programme, plot
  8. event, happening, occurrence
  9. benefit, boon, help
  10. deliberation, discussion
  11. wisdom
Descendants
  • English: rede
  • Scots: rede
References

Etymology 2

From Old English hrēod, from Proto-West Germanic *hreud.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Early ME" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /røːd/
  • IPA(key): /reːd/

Noun

red (plural redes)

  1. reed, flax (plant)
  2. The stalk of a reed
  3. straw, thatching
  4. reed pen
Descendants
References

Etymology 3

From Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

red (comparative redder, superlative reddest)

  1. red, crimson, scarlet (in color)
  2. red pigment
  3. reddened, dyed red
  4. blushing, red-faced
  5. bloody, blood-stained
  6. ruddy, rosy
  7. red-haired
  8. red-clothed, wearing red
  9. (metal) golden
  10. (alchemy) causing transmutation into gold
Descendants
References

Noun

red

  1. red (colour)
  2. red pigment, vermillion, cinnabar
  3. (heraldry) red, gules (tincture)
  4. reddish or ruddy skin
  5. reddish eyes or irises
  6. red fabric
  7. red wine
  8. blood
Descendants
References
See also
Colors in Middle English · coloures, hewes (layout · text)
     whit      grey, hor      blak
             red; cremesyn, gernet              citrine, aumbre; broun, tawne              yelow, dorry, gul; canevas
             grasgrene              grene             
             plunket; ewage              asure, livid              blewe, blo, pers
             violet; inde              rose, murrey; purpel, purpur              claret

Northern Kurdish

Verb

red

  1. to disappear.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Verb

red

  1. simple past of ri
  2. simple past of ride

Old English

Pronunciation

Noun

red m

  1. Alternative form of ræd

Polish

Pronunciation

Template:pl-p

Noun

red

  1. genitive plural of reda

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rędъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

rȇd m (Cyrillic spelling ре̑д)

  1. row
  2. (mathematics) series
    konvergentan red ― convergent series
    divergentan red ― divergent series
  3. queue
  4. order (of magnitude)
  5. order (arrangement, disposition)
  6. line (of customers)
  7. (chess) rank
  8. (religion) order
    franjevački red ― order of Saint Francis of Assisi

Declension

Declension of red
singular plural
nominative rȇd rȅdovi
genitive rȇda rȅdōvā
dative rȇdu rȅdovima
accusative rȇd rȅdove
vocative rȇde rȅdovi
locative rȇdu rȅdovima
instrumental rȇdom rȅdovima

References

  • “red”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *rędъ.

Pronunciation

Noun

rẹ̑d m inan

  1. order (arrangement, disposition)
Inflection
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing. réd
gen. sing. réda
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		réd redôva redôvi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		réda redôv redôv
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		rédu redôvoma redôvom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		réd redôva redôve
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		rédu redôvih redôvih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		rédom redôvoma redôvi
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. réd
gen. sing. réda
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		réd réda rédi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		réda rédov rédov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		rédu rédoma rédom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		réd réda réde
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		rédu rédih rédih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		rédom rédoma rédi

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

rẹ̑d f

  1. swath (the track cut out by a scythe in mowing)
Inflection
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. réd
gen. sing. redí
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		réd redí redí
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		redí redí redí
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		rédi redéma redém
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		réd redí redí
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		rédi redéh redéh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		redjó redéma redmí

Further reading

  • “red”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

FWOTD – 8 May 2013
Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia es

Etymology

From Old Spanish red, from Latin rēte (“net”). Cognate with English rete.

Pronunciation

Noun

red f (plural redes)

  1. (hunting, tools) web, mesh
  2. (fishing) net
    • 1911, Benito Pérez Galdós, De Cartago a Sagunto : 13
      Si se consigue pescar a Dorregaray con cuarenta mil duretes, a Cástor Andéchaga con veinticinco mil, y a otros tales, habremos hecho más que cogiendo en la red a los bicharracos de menor cuantía.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. spiderweb
  4. trap, snare
  5. (communication, transport) net, network
    red de carreteras ― highway network
    red de radiodifusoras ― radio broadcasters network
    red televisiva ― TV broadcasting network
  6. (sports) net, goal
  7. (electricity) grid
    fuera de la red ― off the grid
  8. (informal, sometimes capitalized) Web, Internet
    • 2013 January 16, “España: al 74% le gustaría acceder por Red a su historial clínico”, in El País‎[4]:
      La mayoría de la población (84%) accede a la red para temas relacionados con la sanidad.
      Most of the population (84%) accesses the web for health-related topics.
    • 2021 January 29, Sara Rivas Moreno, quoting Paula González, “Las pymes montan la tienda en Instagram”, in El País‎[5], Madrid, →ISSN:
      "Nunca hemos hecho una campaña ni hemos pagado por seguidores, pero como soy prehistórica de la Red, me une una relación de contacto y amistad con muchas influencers; de no ser así, no nos sacarían", puntualiza.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  9. (in the plural) social networks
    Synonym: redes sociales

Derived terms

Further reading

Swedish

Pronunciation

Verb

red

  1. (deprecated template usage) imperative of reda.
  2. (deprecated template usage) past tense of rida.

Anagrams

Turkish

Noun

red (definite accusative reddi, plural redler)

  1. Alternative form of ret (“refusal, rejection”)

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English red.

Pronunciation

Noun

red (nominative plural reds)

  1. the colour red

Declension

declension of red
singular plural
nominative red reds
genitive reda redas
dative rede redes
accusative redi redis
vocative 1 o red! o reds!
predicative 2 redu redus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

See also

Colors in Volapük · köls (layout · text)
     viet      ged      bläg
             red              rojan; braun              yelov
                          grün             
                                       blöv
             violät              purpur              redül

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English redden, from Old English hreddan, from Proto-West Germanic *hraddjan.

Verb

red (past participle ee-rid)

  1. to rid
    • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 11:
      In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."
      In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."

References

  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 129
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